Chemistry H Section 6.5 Study Guide

Determine the shape of these molecules. A. sulfur difluoride

Bent

When hybridization of the outer orbitals of an atom occurs, the resulting hybrid orbitals have energy that is ________ to the energy of the levels that were combined

Equal

What orbitals combine together to form sp3 hybrid orbitals around a carbon atom?

In sp³ hybridization, one s orbital and three p orbitals hybridize to form four sp³ orbitals, each consisting of 25% s character and 75% p character.

A molecule with two atoms will have a _______ shape.

Line

Explain hybridization.

Mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies.

Identify the major assumption of the VSEPR theory, which is used to predict the shape of atoms.

The VSEPR theory assumes that each atom in a molecule will achieve a geometry that minimizes the repulsion between electrons in the valence shell of that atom. Have to determine the electron domain and that they are going to be positioned as far apart as possible to prevent repulsion.

In water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to one oxygen atom. Why isn't water a linear molecule?

This is because the oxygen atom, in addition to forming bonds with the hydrogen atoms, also carries two pairs of unshared electrons.

Determine the shape of these molecules. B. phosphorus trichloride

Triangular planar

Use VSEPR theory to predict the shape of a chlorate ion, CIOᶟ⁻

Trigonal pyramidal

For each of the following polar molecules, in which direction is the dipole. oriented? (Which end would the dipole arrow point toward?) a. H-F b. H-Cl c. H-I

a. F b. Cl c. I

According to VSEPR theory, molecules adjust their shapes to keep. which of the following as far apart as possible? a. Pairs of valence electrons b. Inner shell electrons c. Mobile electrons d. The electrons closest to the nuclei

a. Pairs of valence electrons

According to the VSEPR theory, what molecular geometries are associated. with the following types of molecules? a. A B 3 E b. A B 3 E c. A B 2 E

a. Trigonal pyramidal b. Bent c. Bent

he shape of molecules that contain only two atoms is. a. linear. b. bent. c. trigonal planar. d. Either (a) or (b)

a. linear

According to VSEPR theory, which molecule has a bent shape? a. CO2 b. H2O c. CS2 d. HF

b. H2O

The VSEPR formula for a molecule of type AB2E2 tells you that the molecule is made up of a. a central atom A, with two B atoms and two E atoms bonded to it. b. a central atom A, with two B atoms bonded to it and two unshared electron pairs. c. a central atom A, with two B atoms bonded to it by two bonding electron pairs. d. two central atoms B, with an atom A and two atoms E bonded to it.

b. a central atom A, with two B atoms bonded to it and two unshared electron pairs.

VSEPR theory is a model for predicting. a. the strength of metallic bonds. c. lattice energy values. b. the shape of molecules. d. ionization energy.

b. the shape of molecules.

According to VSEPR theory, the electrostatic repulsion between electron pairs surrounding an atom cause. a. an electron sea to form. b. positive ions to form. c. these pairs to be separated as far as possible. d. light to reflect.

c. these pairs to be separated as far as possible.

VSEPR theory a. predicts the shape of some molecules. b. is limited to polar molecules. c. assumes that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other. d. Both (a) and (c)

d. Both (a) and (c)

VSEPR theory predicts that the shape of carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is. a. linear. b. bent. c. trigonal planar. d. tetrahedral.

d. tetrahedral

Use VSEPR theory to predict the shape of a molecule of carbon dioxide, C O 2

tetrahedral