Chemistry I - Chapter 5 Section 2

What does de Broglie's equation predict?

All moving particles have wave characteristics and if also explains why you cannot notice the wavelength of a fast moving car.

What did Shrödinger do?

He developed and equation that treated hydrogen's e- as a wave. His new model for hydrogen also applied equally well for atoms of other elements.

According to Bohr's model, how do electrons move in atoms?

In Bohr's model, electrons move in a circular orbit in the atom.

What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?

Says that it is not possible to know precisely the velocity and position of a particle at the same time.

Who is Niels Bohr?

a Danish scientist working in Rutherford's lab in 1913. He suggested an explanation for hydrogen's spectra, called quantum model.

the larger the orbit of an electron the __________ the energy state

higher

How is the s orbital shaped?

spherical shaped

How many sublevels does principal energy level 2 have?

2 sublevels

How many quantum numbers does the quantum mechanical model assign to atomic orbitals?

4

What is the high point of the quantum mechanical model?

Each solution to the equation is known as a wave function, related to the probability of finding an e- in a particular region around the nucleus.

Explain why the location of an electron in an atom is uncertain using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and de Broglie's wave-particle duality. How is the location of electrons in atoms defined?

Electrons don't have a definite location in the atom or in space. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle says that it's impossible to know the position and velocity of a particle at the same time.

Who is Louis de Broglie?

He explained an idea that accounted for fixed energy levels Bohr proposed. de Broglie looked at quantized e- orbits as having characteristics similar to waves. He noted only odd numbers of wavelengths are allowed in a circular orbit of fixed radius.

What did Heisenberg do?

He reached a conclusion that helped the understanding of e- arrangement around the nucleus and showed it is impossible to take a measurement of an object without disturbing the object.

How many sublevels does principal energy level 1 have?

1 sublevel

What does the "n" designate in Bohr's model?

It designated the quantum number and specifies the electron's orbit.

Explain the reason, according to Bohr's model, why atomic emission spectra contain only certain frequencies of light.

There are only certain atomic energies that are possible so only certain frequencies or radiation can be emitted from an atom.

Bohr's atomic model failed to explain the ____________ elements other than hydrogen.

atomic emission spectrum

What was de Broglie's vision of Bohr's atom?

de Broglie realized that as a result of his matter wave equation, the wavelength of an e- would play a role in how it orbits the nucleus. The orbital circumference would have to be an integral number of wavelengths and "pilot waves."

What is hydrogen's emission spectra?

discontinuous

How is the p orbital shaped?

dumbbell shaped

What did Niels Bohr suggest?

e- moves around the nucleus in certain allowable orbits

What happens as "n" gets larger?

electron is farther from the nucleus and the atom's energy increases

What are principal energy levels subdivided into?

energy sublevels

Bohr's model of the atom predicted the _________ of the lines in hydrogen's atomic emission spectrum.

frequencies

lowest energy state

ground state

the smaller the orbit of an electron the _________ the energy state

lower

when an atom gains energy

moves to the excited state

dual wave

particle for light that gave scientists more knowledge but didn't explain relationships among atomic structure, e-, and atomic emission

What are sublevels labeled as?

s, p, d, or f — based on the shape of orbitals

What is the 3D region around the nucleus that wave function predicts?

the atomic orbital

What does the principal energy level number equal?

the number of sublevels for that principal energy level

What does "n" specify?

the principal energy levels

What is the name of the 1st quantum number?

the principal quantum number (n)

What was Shrödinger's model of the atom called?

the quantum mechanical model of the atom

How many energy levels are there?

up to 7 have been detected for hydrogen

How are the d and f levels shaped?

various shapes, don't worry about them