Chemistry ML

Breast cancer

Estrogen and progesterone receptors used as tumor markers are most commonly employed to provide prognostic information about:

It will take about 5-7 half-lives to reach steady state

If a drug is given at intervals that are the same as its half-life, approximately how long will it take the drug to reach steady state?

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

A 56 year-old female was taken to the emergency room in a coma by her employer's nurse. She had lost 36 pounds in 3 months; she was always thirsty; drinking a lot of water and running to the bathroom. The following are her laboratory results: pH: 7.11 PCO2: 21 mmHg Serum osmolality: 365 mOsm/Kg Urine ketone: Strongly positive Urine glucose: strongly positive What is most likely cause of he patient's symptoms?

Increased rate of hemolysis

A patient presents with an elevation of unconjugated bilirubin, normal serum alkaline phosphatase, norma liver enzymes and no bilirubin in the urine

Patient meets criteria for diagnosis of diabetes

A physician is evaluating a 45 year old obese male for diabetes and orders a plasma glucose test at a time of evaluation and a HbA1c one week later.The patient has a family history of diabetes and currently exhibits symptoms of diabetes. What would be the best course of action if there are the blood glucose test results? Casual plasma glucose: 208 mg/dL HbA1c one week later: 7.2%

Fraction of the drug that is absorbed into systemic circulation

Bioavailability of an oral drug refers to the:

Rapid rise in levels during first trimester; slow decline and possible level-off throughout remainder of pregnancy

The following BEST describes serum hCG levels during pregnancy:

4 degrees Celsius

The recommended storage temperature for the preservation of activity for MOST enzymes is:

Biopsy of liver and/or bone marrow

What is not required for a diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)?

Urobilinogen

What is the name of the colorless end product of bilirubin catabolism?

Myoglobin

What is the primary oxygen-carrying protein found in muscle?

Increased SI and decreased TIBC

What would you expect the serum iron and TIBC to be in a person with HH?

Adiponectin

Which adipokine is decreased in obesity, is anti-inflammatory, and increases insulin sensitivity?

cTnT

Which cardiac biomarker is a regulator of a myocyte contraction?

Amphetamine

Which medication would be prescribed for narcolepsy?

Potasium, magnesium, Iron and Total protein

Which of the following analytes will be falsely increased due to hemolysis?

Ferritin and hemosiderin

Which of the following are terms used to describe storage pool iron?

Bilirubin

Which of the following blood tests requires to be protected from light?

Digoxin

Which of the following drugs is used to treat congestive heart failure?

Triglycerides

Which of the following lipid results would be expected to be MOST falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?

Glucuronic acid

Which of the following substances is conjugated with the "indirect" bilirubin to form "direct" bilirubin?

It is increased in obstructive jaundice

Which one of the following is a TRUE statement concerning alkaline phosphatase?

Protein S

Which one of the following is not an acute phase protein?

CK_MB and myoglobin

Which two of the following biomarkers are not specific to cardiac muscle and may be elevated in patients with injury to muscle other than cardiac muscle?

CA 15-3 and CA 549

While serum elevations are NOT generally seen in early stages, which of the following tumor markers are elevated in more advanced stages of breast cancer?