Chemistry nucleur chemistry test

What radioisotope is used to determine the age of once living organisms

Carbon -14

The number of valence electrons in each atom of an element affects the elements

Chemical properties

Fusion

Combination of smaller nuclei to form larger nucleus

Fusion and fission reactions both release energy. However, only fusion reactions

Combine light nuclei ( in a fusion reaction light nuclei are combined and energy is released)

Isomers

Compounds with the same formula but different structures.

Which subatomic particles each have a mass of approximately 1 u

Proton and neutron

During once living organisms is an example of a beneficial use of

Radioactive isotopes

What occurs in both fusion and fission reactions

Small amounts of matter are converted into large amounts of energy

What evidence indicates that the nuclei of strontium-80 atoms are unstable

Strontium-80 atoms spontaneously emit beta particles

ionization energy

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

What statement explains why a xenon atom is electrically neutral

The atom has the same number of protons and electrons

Electronegativity

a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Synthesis

combination 1+1>2

Radioactive isotopes

decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy

Halogens

group 17; contains nonmetals; 7 electrons in its outermost energy level; very reactive; poor conductors of electric current; never in its uncombined form in nature; combine with most metals to form salts

atomic radius trend

increases down a group, decreases across a period

What quantity can vary among atoms of the same element

mass number

What is an electrolyte?

molten or dissolved ionic compound (can conduct electricity)

How do you find the mass of an atom

protons + neutrons

spontaneous emission

release of light energy from an electron transition without external cause

alkaline earth metals

the elements in Group 2A of the periodic table

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

nuclear reaction

A reaction that involves a change in the nucleus of an atom

Given the balanced equation 2No+O2>2No the ratio is

1 to 1

What balances equAtion represents a spontaneous radioactive decay

14C>14 N + 0 e 6. 7. -1

single replacement reaction

2+1>2+1

double replacement

2+2>2+2

Decomposition

2>1+1

ternary ionic compound

3 elements If a compound had 3 or more ions a polyatomic Jon is present Considered ionic because transfer

Which equation represents a spontaneous transmutation

37 Ca> 37K + 0 e 20. 19 +1

The elements on the periodic table of the elements are arranged in order of increasing

Atomic number

Which particle has the least mass

Beta particle

During a nuclear reaction mass is converted into

Energy

When Mg2+ ion becomes a Mg atom, the radius increases because the Mg2+ ion

Gains 2 electrons

Which nuclear emission has the greatest penetrating power?

Gamma radiation

Which list of nuclear emissions is arranged in order from the greatest penetrating power to the least penetrating power

Gamma ray,beta particle, alpha particle

alkali metals

Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

artificial transmutation

Induced nuclear reaction caused by the bombardment of a nucleus with particles or other small nucleui 2 reactants Artificial = fusion Al+He>P+n

An ion has a smaller radius because

It's loosing electrons

Compared to the mass and the penetrating power of an alpha particle a beta particle has

Less mass and greater penetrating power

The energy released during a nuclear reaction is a result of

Mass being converted into energy

The energy released by a nuclear fusion reaction is produced when

Mass is converted to energy

half-life

Measure of time a radioactive isotope takes to breakdown

natural transmutation

Occurs naturally without assistance. Will happen spontaneously - 1 reactant - natural transmutation = fission C>N+E

Fission

The splitting of large an atomic nucleus to release energy.

Why does elements in the same group have same chemical properties

They have the same number of valence electrons Outermost shell

In which type of resection can an atom of one element be conveyed to an atom of another element

Transmutation- change of an atom of one element to an atom of another element

What radioisotopes is used in dating geological formations

U-238