Chemistry Study Guide
The pH scale ranges from
1-14
5 Characteristics of protoplasm which enable a cell to survive
1. grows 2. reproduces 3.ability to move 4.makes metabolism 5.responds to changes in the environment
The solvent is usually a what
A liquid but can be a gas
A pH less than 7 is considered to be an
Acid
Proteins are formed from
Amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
Matter
Anything that occupies space and have weight (all matter is living or dead)
Element
Basic or fundamental substance which can't be broken down into a simplier form by ordinary chemical reaction
Carbon
C
2 ways mixtures differ from compounds
COMPOUND MIXTURE Definite proportions No set proportion Combine Chemically Combine physically
Calcium
Ca
Carbohydrates contain
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Electron
Carry a negative charge
Proton
Carry a positive electrical charge
Give an example of a suspension
Children's Tylenol
Chlorine
Cl
Copper
Cu
Solvent
Does the dissolving in a solution
Neutron
Doesnt have a charge so it is neutral
Iron
Fe
Hydrogen
H
An acid has an high level of what type of ion
Hydrogen ion
Iodine
I
pH scale
Is a unit of measurment
Potassium
K
Magnesium
Mg
Nitrogen
N
Sodium
Na
What is a pH level of 7 is
Neutral
Oxygen
O
Phosphorus
P
Buffer
Prevents or reduces change in pH
Composition and parts of an atom and their charges
Proton(+) and Neutron(Neutral) are in the nucleus and the electrons(-) are contained in the shell around the nucleus
Sulfur
S
A base is considered to be
Slippery and has a pH level higher than 7
Give an example of a base
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Base
Substances which combine with hydrogen ions
Types of reactions
Synthesis, decomposition, exergonic, and endergonic
Compounds
Table Salt (NaCl) Water (H20) Carbon Dioxide (CO²)
Metabolism
The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
Give a example of a solute
The salt in a salt water solution
Atom
The smallest unit of a element that has the characteristics of the element
Chemistry
The study of the nature of matter
Solute
The substance that is being dissolved in a solution which is the smaller amount
Mixtures
Urine Blood
Give an example of an acid
Vinegar
Suspension
are mixtures where the solute doesn't completely dissolve
Decomposition
break down molecules into simplier ones
Solid
has definate shape
Gas
has no definate shape
Proteins produce
muscle and energy
4 elements that make up protoplasm
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Exergonic
release energy
Endergonic
require energy which is then stored in the chemical bonds
3 states of matter
solid, liquid, and gas
Liquid
takes the shape of the container
Give a example of a solvent
the water in a salt water solution
Synthesis
two or more simple molecules combined to form a more complex molecule
