Chemistry Test 2
Which color in the rainbow has the shortest wavelength?
Blue
Scientists have correlated average global temperature with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 160,000 years using ice cores from Antarctica. How is the carbon dioxide level determined?
By measuring the CO2 concentration in trapped air bubbles in the ice layers
HFCs may be used to replace CFCs. Which compound is a HFC?
CF3CH2F C
Which product of the ultraviolet decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition?
Chlorine atoms
Which contributes to the ozone hole?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs
In their fifth and most recent report published in 2014, the vast majority of scientists agreed on several key points.
If the rate of greenhouse gas emissions is not curtailed, our water resources, food supply, and even our health will suffer Human activities (primarily the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation) are responsible for much of the recent warming The Earth is getting warmer
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
What is the effect of the absorption of infrared energy on matter?
It increases the vibration of chemical bonds
Where is most of the carbon on earth stored
Oceans
Which of the following has the lowest albedo?
Oceans
ozone layer of the atmosphere
Stratosphere
Predict the molecular shape for Methane
Tetrahedral
Scientists believe they know the average global temperature over the last 160,000 years. Which property of the ice core samples from Antarctica provides this information?
The 1H/2H ratio
o What are causes of the formation of the ozone hole
The main cause for the depletion of ozone is determined as excessive release of chlorine and bromine from man-made compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
UV radiation with longest wavelength
UVA
UV radiation with lowest energy
UVA
Which region of the ultraviolet spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere?
UVA
Most of ______ is absorbed by ozone in the stratosphere
UVB
UV radiation that is right in the middle and can be absorbed by the skin
UVB
Completely absorbed by O2 and O3 in the stratosphere
UVC
UV radiation with highest energy
UVC
UV radiation with shortest wavelength
UVC
Which of the following is most biologically damaging type of radiation?
UVC
Greenhouse gases must have
three atoms & have asymmetrical vibrations
The Montreal protocol is a
treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world.
Predict the molecular shape for sulfur trioxide
trigonal planar
The visible colors from shortest to longest wavelength are:
violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.
What, approximately, is the highest concentration of CO2 measured in the Earth's atmosphere in modern times?
400 ppm
Radiative forcings are factors that influence the balance of the Earth's incoming and outgoing radiation. Order these selected examples from Cooling to Warming.
Aerosols, stratospheric ozone, methane, Carbon dioxide
The ozone hole is most prominent on the Earth over
Antarctica
Place types of electromagnetic radiation listed below in order from shortest wavelength to longest wavelength.
Gamma rays X-Rays UV-Visible Infrared Microwave Radio Waves
Where is most of the carbon on earth stored?
In the form of fossil fuels and carbonate minerals and rocks
Which country has the highest per capita emission of carbon dioxide?
United States
Which color of visible light has the highest frequency? Which color has the lowest?
Violet Red
When it reaches its largest size, the ozone hole over the Antarctic is
almost the size of North America
The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which
atmospheric gases trap and return infrared radiation radiated by Earth.
Predict the molecular shape for water and ozone
bent
Wavelength is the
distance between successive peaks in a wave.
processes that contribute to maintain Earth's energy balance
energy from the sun is absorbed, reflected, and emitted by the earth.
Radiative forcings are
factors that influence the balance of Earth's incoming and outgoing radiation
In order to make useful predictions, which factors must be accounted for by climatic models?
i. Aerosol Emissions ii. Land Use iii. Solar Irradiance
In order to make useful predictions, which factors must be accounted for by climatic models?
i. Cooling effect of atmospheric aerosols ii. Smoke, haze, and cloud cover iii. Change in land use iv. Combustion of fossil fuels
Land use changes have a big impact on global warming because of their effect on albedo. Albedo
is the ratio of electromagnetic radiation reflected by a surface to the amount of radiation hitting that surface.
Predict the molecular shape for carbon dioxide
linear
take up lots of space and push the bonded electrons closer together to change the shape of molecules
lone pair electrons
The Earth's soil, oceans and atmosphere are all natural sources of
nitrous oxide emissions
The Industrial Revolution is a key point in the Earth's atmospheric history because
prior to that time large deposits of petroleum and coal were not being used as energy sources.
Why is ozone important?
protects everything living on the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun. Without the layer of ozone in the atmosphere, it would be very difficult for anything to survive on the surface.
The entire electromagnetic spectrum, from the lowest to the highest frequency/energy
radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, gamma rays.
Predict the molecular shape for ammonia
trigonal pyramidal
