Chemistry water and solutions
Acid pH range
1-6
Neutral pH range
7
Base pH range
8-14
Solution
A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances
Solute
A minor component and solution, dissolved in the solvent
Saturated
A solution that contains as much dissolved solute as it possibly can
Supersaturated
A solution that contains more solute than is theoretically possible
Unsaturated
A solution that could still dissolve more solute
Water
Also known as dihydrogen monoxide
Surface tension
And inward force that tends to minimize the surface of a liquid; it causes the surface to behave as if it were a thin skin
Calcium hydroxide formula
Ca(OH)₂
Aqueous
Dissolved in water
Nitric acid formula
HNO₃
Polarity
Having a partial negative charge and a partial positive charge in the same molecule
Molar
How to read the abbreviate M
Atom present in many acids
H⁺
Water formula
H₂O
Sulfuric acid formula
H₂SO₄
Phosphoric acid formula
H₃PO₄
Insoluble
Incapable of being dissolved in a given solvent
Potassium hydroxide formula
KOH
Molarity
Moles/Liter
Ion present in many bases
OH⁻
Concentrated
Solution that contains a relatively large amount of solute
Dilute
Solution that contains a relatively small amount of solute
Solubility
The ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent
Cohesion
The ability of water molecules to hydrogen bond with each other
Adhesion
The ability of water to hydrogen bond to things other than water
adding pure water to a saturated solution (with no solids) would cause the concentration of that solution to
decrease
Evaporation acting on an unsaturated solution causes the solution's concentration to
increase
Evaporation acting on a saturated solution causes the solution's concentration to
remain the same
adding a solid salt to a saturated solution causes the concentration of that solution to
remain the same
adding pure water to a saturated solution (with some solids) would cause the concentration of that solution to initially
remain the same
Hydrogen bond
The strongest type of intermolecular interaction; responsible for most of the properties of water
Solvent
The substance that makes up the bulk of a solution; The substance that is responsible in a solution for dissolving another substance
