Chest Positioning

Which of the following anatomic structures is examined to determine rotation on a pa chest radiograph A. Appearance of ribs B. Shape of heart C. Symmetric appearance and location of sternoclavicular joints D. Symmetric appearance and location of costophrenic angles

C. Symmetric appearance and location of sternoclavicular joints

Where is the CR placed for a lateral projection of the upper airway?

C6-C7

What is a common radiographic sign seen on a chest radiograph for a patient with respiratory distress syndrome? A. Enlargement of the heart B. Fluid in apices C. Sail sign D. Air bronchogram

D. Air bronchogram

Which of the following chest projections/positions is recommended to detect calcifications or cavitations within the upper lung region beneath the clavicles? A. Left lateral decubitus B. PA C. RPO and LPO D. Ap lordotic

D. Ap lordotic

Which of the following types of bady habitus may cause the costophrenic angles to be cut off if careful vertical collimation is not used? A. Hypersthenic B. Hyposthenic C. Sthenic D. Hyposthenic and asthenic

D. Hyposthenic and asthenic

optimal tech factor selection ensures proper penetration of the: A. Heart B. Great Vessels C. Lung Regions D. Hilar Region E. All of the above

E. All of the above

An erect chest PA radiograph aids the patient to achieve full inspiration and helps to prevent ___ and ____ of the pulmonary vessels.

Engorgement and hyperemia

Why do the lungs tend to expand more with the patient in a erect position than a supine position?

Erect causes abdominal organs to drop causing diaphragm to move further down.

A grid is not recommended for a LPO projection of the chest? True or false

False

Echocardiography and elctrocardiography are basically the same procedure. True or False

False

In general for an average patient, the collimation should be visible on the lower margin of the chest image than the top for a PA or lateral chest projection. True or False

False

The height, or vertical dimension, of the average to large persons chest is greater than the width or horizontal dimension. True or False

False

Ultrasound is not an effective modality to detect pleural diffusion. True or False

False

CR entering for the PA chest projection on an obese patient is 1-2 inches lower than on an sthenic patient. True of false?

False. ALWAYS T7

What type of body habitus is associated with a broad and deep thorax?

Hypersthenic

Should the 14x17 IR be aligned in portrait or landscape for a pa projection of a hypersthenic pateint? asthenic patient?

Landscape and portait

What are the recommended patient instructions when performing an erect PA chest on a female patient with large pendulous breasts?

Lift breasts up and out then remove her hands as she leans

which of the following should be used for an erect PA and lateral Chest projections for an infant? A. Upright chest device B. Supine table bucky C. Pigg-o-stat D. Plexiglas restraint board

Pigg-o-stat

Which anterior oblique projection would best demonstrate the left lung-right anterior oblique(RAO) or left anterior oblique (LAO)? Which posterior oblique projection would best demonstrate the left lung? RAO or LPO?

RAO and LPO

Explain the primary purpose and benefits of performing chest radiography at 72 inches SID

Reduce distortion of heart and other radiographic structures

Which specific position would be used if the patient were unable to stand but the physician suspected that the patient had free air in the left pleural cavity?

Right lateral decubitus. Affected side up

What circumstnaces or clinical indications suggest that an AP lordotic projection should be ordered?

Rule out calcifications or masses beneath the clavicle

The shoulders need to be rolled forward for the PA projection to allow the______to move laterally and be clear of the lung fields.

Scapula

The CR is placed at the level of ____vertebra for a PA chest projection.

T7

Because they have shallower lung fields, the central ray is often centered higher for geriatric patients. True or False

True

Multi-detector CT can produce high resolution images of the heart on one breath-hold. True or False

True

Single photon emission computed tomography is frequently used to diagnose myocardial infraction. True or False

True

with most digital chest units the question of IR placement into either vertical or crosswise positions is eliminated because of the larger IR (T/F)

True

Why should a left lateral be performed unless departmental protocol indicates otherwise?

better demonstrates the heart region.

Which positioning tip will help prevetn the patients chin and neck from being superimposed over the upper airway and apices of the lungs for a PA chest?

extend neck upward

Because the heart is always located in the left thorax, the use of an anatomic side marker on a PA chest may not be necessary. True or False?

false

Generally, you do not need to use radiographic gride for adult patients for a pa or lateral chest radiograph. true or false

false

How much separation of the posterior ribs on a lateral chest projection indicates excessive rotation from a true lateral position?

greater than 1 cm

Which specific position would be used if a patient were unable to stand but the physician suspected that the patient had fluid in the left lung?

left lateral decubitus

For certian studies of the heart, the ____ anterior oblique requires a rotation of _______

left, 60

Why is a PA chest preferred to an AP chest?

places the heart closer to the IR to reduce magnification.

What is the name of the condition charecterized by fluid entering the pleural cavity?

pleural effusion

What is the name of the condition charecterized by free air entering the pleural cavity?

pneumothorax

Why is it important to raise the patients hands above their head for a lateral chest?

prevents upper arm tissues from being superimposed over tissue.

Careful collimation during a chest radiograph will improve image quality by decreasing _____ radiation to the IR.

scatter

To ensure better lung inspiration during chest radiography, exposure should be made during the _____ inspiration

second

Describe the way brightness of the lungs and mediastinal structures can be determined ion a PA chest radiograph

should be able to see faint outlines of the middle and upper vertebrae and ribs through heart and other mediastinal strucutres.

what is another term for visceral inversion?

situs inversus

Long hair may produce an artifact when imaging with digital radiographic systems? true or false

true

chest radiograpghy is the most commonly repeated radiographic procedure because of poor positioning or exposure factor selections? true or false

true

A recommended centering technique for pa chest projection requires the tech to palpate the_____and measure down from that bony landmark____inches for a male and ____inches for a female

vertebra prominens, 8, 7

For the following types of pathologic conditions, indicate whether manual exposure facotrs would be increased, decreased, or generally remain the same compared with stabdard chest exposure factors. Left Lung Atelectasis Lung neoplasm Severe pulmonary edema RDS or ARDS, known as hyaline membrane disease in infants. Reactivation TB Advancced emphysema Large pneumothorax Pulmonary emboli Primary TB Advanced asbestosis

+ 0 + + + - 0 0 0 0

To prevent the clavicles from obscuring the apices on a AP projection of the chest, the central ray should be angled _____so that it is perpendicular to the______

+/-5 degrees, sternum

The traditional central ray centering technique for the chest is to place the top of the IR____inches above the shoulders

1.5-2 inches

What is the minimum # of ribs that should be demonstrated above the diaphragm on a pa radiograpgh of an average adult chest with full inspiration?

10 ribs

chest radiography for the adult patient usually uses a kv range of ___to___ kv.

110-125

Which set of exposure factors is recommended for a chest exam of a young pediatric patient? A. 70-85kv, short exposure B. 90-100kv, medium exposure C. 100-120kv, short exposure D. 120-150kv, long exposure

70-85kv, short exposure

With patients withe the following clinical histories which lateral projections would be perfomed: A. Patient with severe pains in the left side of chest___ B. Patients with no chest pain but recent history of pneumonia in right lung____ C. Patient with no chest pain and history of heart trouble____

A. Left B. Right C. Left

Which of the following should be removed for a chest radiography A. necklace B. Bra C. Religious necklace D. Dentures E. Pants F. Hair Fasteners G. Oxygen Lines

A. necklace B. Bra C. Religious necklace F. Hair Fasteners G. Oxygen Lines

What position/projection would be used for a patient who is too ill or weak to stand for an AP lordotic projection?

Ap semiaxial projection

Which of the following is not a form of occupational lung disease? A. Anthracosis B. Emphysema C. Silicosis D. Asbestosis

B. Emphysema

Which of the following bony landmarks is palpated for an Ap chest? A. Vertebra prominens B. Jugular Notch C. Thyroid Cartilage D. Sternal angle

B. Jugular Notch