Child Abuse
6.1 Frequency of Child Abuse An estimated1.3% to 15% of injuries in children that result in emergency department visits are actually caused by physical abuse
PLOS Hospital Based Emergency Department Visits Attributed to Child Physical Abuse in United States: Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Veerasathpurush Allareddy June 11, 2014 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0100110
6.2 Reasons for Child Abuse A prior study had revealed that children living in lower annual income households (<$15000 per year) had 3 times the number of fatalities, 7 times the number of serious inflicted injuries, and 5 times the number of moderate inflicted injuries when compared to their counterparts
PLOS Hospital Based Emergency Department Visits Attributed to Child Physical Abuse in United States: Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Veerasathpurush Allareddy June 11, 2014 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0100110
4.1 Punishment for child abuse Loopholes written into state laws permit related perpetrators who have been convicted to escape penalties which would otherwise be mandatory for child sexual offenders, including imprisonment, mandatory sentence enhancements, and sexual offender registration.
SSRN Child Sexual Abuse and the State: Applying Critical Outsider Methodologies to Legislative Policymaking Ruby P Andrew 24 May 2006 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=904100
5.1 Side Effects We find that maltreatment approximately doubles the probability of engaging in many types of crime.
SSRN Does Child Abuse Cause Crime? Erdal Tekin, Janet Currie April 2006 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895178
5.2 Cause of Child Abuse Social Learning Theory (SLT) maintains that children develop patterns of violent or delinquent behavior through imitation
SSRN Does Child Abuse Cause Crime? Erdal Tekin, Janet Currie April 2006 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895178
5.3 Side Effects These children have lower grade point averages, are more likely to have repeated grades, and are more likely to have been suspended or expelled from school.
SSRN Does Child Abuse Cause Crime? Erdal Tekin, Janet Currie April 2006 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895178
5.4 Side Effects Being abused or neglected as a child increases an individual's risk for an arrest as a juvenile by 53 percent, increases the probability of arrest as an adult by 38 percent, and increases the probability of an arrest for a violent crime by 38 percent.
SSRN Does Child Abuse Cause Crime? Erdal Tekin, Janet Currie April 2006 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895178
5.5 Causes Many studies have documented a relationship between poverty and child maltreatment which is hypothesized to work by increasing stress on both parents and children
SSRN Does Child Abuse Cause Crime? Erdal Tekin, Janet Currie April 2006 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895178
5.6 Effects Finally, sexual abuse appears to have the largest negative effects, perhaps justifying the emphasis on this type of abuse in the literature.
SSRN Does Child Abuse Cause Crime? Erdal Tekin, Janet Currie April 2006 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895178
8.1 Effects Records for juvenile delinquency showed higher rates among the abused, neglected, and rejected boys than among those raised by loving parents.
Science Credit A forty year perspective on effects of child abuse and neglect JoanMcCord 1983 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0145213483900030
8.2 Effects Approximately half the abused or neglected boys had been convicted for serious crimes, become alcoholics or mentally ill, or had died when unusually young
Science Credit A forty year perspective on effects of child abuse and neglect JoanMcCord 1983 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0145213483900030
8.3 Effects Maternal self-confidence and education appeared to decrease vulnerability to the adverse impact of child abuse.
Science Credit A forty year perspective on effects of child abuse and neglect JoanMcCord 1983 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0145213483900030
7.1 Effects Adult women with a history of childhood sexual abuse show greater evidence of sexual disturbance or dysfunction, homosexual experiences in adolescence or adulthood, depression, and are more likely than nonabused women to be revictimized.
Science Credit A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse Joseph H.Beitchman 1992 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/014521349290011F
7.2 Effects Depression and suicidal ideation or behavior also appear to be more common among victims of sexual abuse compared to normal and psychiatric nonabused controls.
Science Credit A review of the short-term effects of child sexual abuse Donna Akman 1991 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/014521349190038F
9.1 Effects In comparison to women not abused during childhood, the abused reported significantly more hospitalizations for illnesses, a greater number of physical and psychological problems, and lower ratings of their overall health.
Science Credit The combined effects of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse during childhood: Long-term health consequences for women Tamerra P.Moeller October 1993 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/014521349390084I
11.1 Background Emotional abuse and neglect are defined as a carer-child relationship that is characterized by patterns of harmful interactions, requiring no physical contact with the child.
Science Direct Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): a conceptual framework Danya Glaser June 2002 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213402003423
11.2 Effects Abused children face the risk of developing deviant behaviors and becoming perpetrators of child abuse later on when they are grown up.
Science Direct Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): a conceptual framework Danya Glaser June 2002 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213402003423
12.1 Effects Social learning theory believes that victims of maltreatment learn and adopt patterns of violent or delinquent behavior through processes of imitation and modeling (Felson & Lane, 2009).
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.10 Effects In a meta-analysis, 91% of studies showed that maltreatment and negligence were connected to poor academic achievement and 86% showed delays in verbal growth
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.11 Effects A longitudinal study of abused children in the United States concluded that the severity of abuse affected math scores negatively and physical and/or emotional abuse affected reading scores negatively
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.12 Effects For example, the authors cited a longitudinal study, conducted by Repetti and colleagues (2002), which found that children and adolescents who reported a history of abuse or neglect were three times more likely to exhibit a depressive disorder than non-maltreated children.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.13 Effects Eating disorders, including anorexia and binge-purge behavior (bulimia), may also be associated with child abuse and neglect
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.14 Age Effected A large, nationally representative study in the United States reported that children who were maltreated in multiple developmental periods (infancy, toddlerhood, preschool years and early school years) displayed more problem behaviors than children maltreated in only one developmental period.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.15 Side Effects A systematic review by Lieberman and colleagues found a strong link between physical and sexual abuse and attempted suicide/suicidal thoughts occurring during adolescence.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.16 Differences Between Abuses found that although all forms of maltreatment were associated with adolescent suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, child sexual abuse and emotional abuse might be more important than physical abuse or neglect.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.17 Effects in 2006 researchers found that risks of repeated suicide attempts were eight times greater for youths with a sexual abuse history.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.18 Effects Of Sexual Abuse The authors suggested that sexual abuse could be specifically related to suicidal behavior because it is closely associated with feelings of shame and internal thoughts of blame
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.19 Effects Evidence suggests that all types of child maltreatment are significantly related to higher levels of substance use
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.2 Effects Finally, abuse touches many areas of life including: increased risk of suicide, substance use, violence, physical health problems, teenage pregnancy, and homelessness.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.20 Effects In surveying public school students in Grades 6, 9, and 12 in the United States, Straus and colleagues found that experiences of physical or sexual abuse increased the likelihood of students using alcohol, marijuana and other drugs.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.21 Future Risks In addition to feeling pain and suffering themselves, children exposed to abuse and neglect are at increased risk of inflicting pain on others and developing aggressive and violent behaviors in adolescence.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.22 Effects Research suggests that physical abuse and exposure to family violence are the most consistent predictors of youth violence
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.23 Effects A National Institute of Justice study in the United States predicted that abused and neglected children were elven times more likely to be arrested for criminal behavior in adolescence
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.24 Effects Additionally, a study found that young women (18 years of age) exposed to sexual abuse as a child had significantly higher rates of teenage pregnancy, and increased rates of sexually transmitted diseases,
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.25 Effects Young people who are removed from the care of their parents because of abuse or neglect may also face homelessness and unemployment soon after leaving out-of-home care when they turn 18.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.26 Comparison Research suggests that specific types of abuse are more closely related to some adverse outcomes than others, for example, the links between physical abuse and violent or aggressive behavior.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.27 Effects However, experiencing chronic and multiple forms of abuse increase the risk of more damaging and severe consequences for children and young people.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.28 Causes Factors which contribute to poorer results for youths exposed to maltreatment include socio-economic difficulty, social separation, living in unsafe areas, oversized families, a caregiver with depression or drug and/or alcohol addiction, and whether or not the child is disabled.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.3 Definition Child abuse and negligence is any act from parent guardians, primary caregivers, other grownup or elder youths that involves a considerable danger of producing emotional or bodily damage to an adolescent.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.4 BackGround These behaviors may be deliberate or accidental.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.5 Intro The five central types of abuse are physical, emotional, neglect, sexual, and observing household violence
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.6 Intro Chronic mistreatment defined as, "recurrent incidents of maltreatment over a prolonged amount of time" is worse than short-lived or isolated occurrences of maltreatment.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.7 Effects Since the social learning process links the development of criminal behavior from involvement with others
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.8 Effects Some researchers assume that abused children learn to be abusive using these two methods and continue their abusive behaviour into adulthood.
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
12.9 Effects Mistreatment and negligence early in life can extremely affect the developmental ability of young children, particularly in speech and language
Sites At Penn State EFFECTS OF CHILD ABUSE Rachael Thomas 2015 http://sites.psu.edu/rachaeltportfolio/wp-content/uploads/sites/35324/2015/10/HDFS-315Y-child-abuse-research-paper.pdf
3.1 Side effects The long-term impact of abuse of a child can be seen in higher rates of psychiatric disorders, increased rates of substance abuse and relationship difficulties [Springer, K. W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D., & Carnes, M. (2003).
ERIC Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect on Adult Survivors Johnson, Emmanuel Janagan; James, Christine 2016 https://eric.ed.gov/q=child+abuse&id=EJ1116927
2.1 Topic: side effects Survivors of child abuse and neglect may be at greater risk for problems later in life such as low academic achievement, drug use, teen pregnancy, and criminal behavior that affect not just the child and family, but society as a whole.
ERIC International Perspectives for Research on Child Abuse and Neglect Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid July 16, 2015 https://eric.ed.gov/?q=child+abuse&id=ED586148
2.3 Effects Abuse and neglect are associated with short and long-term consequences that may include brain damage, developmental delays, and learning disorders, problems forming relationships, aggressive behavior, and depression.
ERIC International Perspectives for Research on Child Abuse and Neglect Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid July 16, 2015 https://eric.ed.gov/?q=child+abuse&id=ED586148
2.4 Cure for Child Abuse No universal standard exists for optimal child care or for child abuse because child rearing beliefs and behaviors differ cross-culturally.
ERIC International Perspectives for Research on Child Abuse and Neglect Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid July 16, 2015 https://eric.ed.gov/?q=child+abuse&id=ED586148
2.5 Cure for Child Abuse There are many practices or disciplines that are considered acceptable in a particular culture but as abusive or neglectful by outsiders.
ERIC International Perspectives for Research on Child Abuse and Neglect Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid July 16, 2015 https://eric.ed.gov/?q=child+abuse&id=ED586148
2.2 Forms of child abuse Includes the worst forms imaginable of child labor, involvement in armed conflict, exposure to female genital mutilation, child marriage, being sold into slavery, or being solicited over the internet.
ERIC International Perspectives for Research on Child Abuse and Neglect Moradi Sheykhjan, Tohid July 16, 2015 https://eric.ed.gov/q=child+abuse&id=ED586148
13.1 Comparison I found that girls are at a greater riskof sexual abuse as compared to boys.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.10 Risks Children that are in abusive homes are less likely to learn these skills that are crucial to understanding people throughout their lives
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.11 Causes As was stated above, parents that experience large amounts of stress are at a higher risk ofbecoming an abuser.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.12 Effects Essentially it seems that a child who is abused stops growing developmentally from the time they are abused.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.13 Effects These children become less able to get satisfaction from tasks well done as well as seeing themselves as undeserving.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.14 Effects The emotions of these children may: have trouble understanding basic cause and effect, have difficulty expressing feelings appropriately; especially anger, sadness, and frustration, and have difficulty in appropriately recognizing feelings in others.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.15 Effects Department of Juvenile Justice are analyzed, with results suggesting that each additional adverse experience a child experiences increases the risk of becoming a serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offender by 35
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.2 Back Ground Neglect. Failure to provide for a child's basic needs. Neglect maybe physical, medical, educational, or emotional.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.3 Effects Includes a pattern o f behavior that impairs a child's emotional development or sense of self-worth. This may include constant criticism, threats, or rejection, as well as withholding love, support, or guidance
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.4 Intro Child maltreatment is a blanket term used to describe all child abuse and neglect which includes physical, emotional and sexual abuse as well as neglect and exploitation.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.5 Cause Lowenthal states that the signs of neglect are a lack of supervision by the caretaker for long periods of time, unattended medical problems, evidence of caretaker drug or alcohol abuse, inappropriate dress, hygiene, or an unkempt appearance and hunger or fatigue.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.6 Factors Girls are more likely to be abused by family members or care givers, males on the other hand are more likely to be abused by nonfamily members such as coaches and/or teachers
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.7 Awareness In many cases they are too ashamed or frightened to report the incident/so
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.8 Awareness Parent education programs have grown in number in recent years due to an overwhelming amount of children being affected by abuse and neglect.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
13.9 Awareness Studies are showing that families that do not realize they are struggling with parenting don't seek the help or have the resources to do so.
UW- Stout Child Abuse and Neglect: Kyrsha M. Dryden December, 2009 http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009drydenk.pdf
1.1 Topic: Shows how common child abuse is National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children suggests, that 1 in 10 kids face abuse or neglect in their childhood.
Website: Core Article: Child Abuse Author: Pamela Davies Date: 2008 http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3384/1/Davies%2C%20P%20-%20Child%20abuse%20-%20book%20chapter.pdf
1.2 Background Child abuse has profound negative impacts on the wellbeing of the child and is not only unacceptable in the society but also against the law.
Website: Core Article: Child Abuse Author: Pamela Davies Date: 2008 http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3384/1/Davies%2C%20P%20-%20Child%20abuse%20-%20book%20chapter.pdf
10.4 Effects In grade 11, mothers reported that adolescents who had experienced early maltreatment had levels of aggression, anxiety/depression, dissociation, delinquent behaviors, PTSD, social problems, thought problems, and social withdrawal that were on average twice as high as those of their nonmaltreated counterparts.
JAMA Network A 12-Year Prospective Study of the Long-term Effects of Early Child Physical Maltreatment on Psychological, Behavioral, and Academic Problems in Adolescence Jennifer E. Lansford August 2002 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/203703
10.5 Effects These findings indicate that physical maltreatment in the first 5 years of life places a child at risk for a variety of psychological and behavioral problems during adolescence.
JAMA Network A 12-Year Prospective Study of the Long-term Effects of Early Child Physical Maltreatment on Psychological, Behavioral, and Academic Problems in Adolescence Jennifer E. Lansford August 2002 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/203703
10.2 Effects Cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal studies have demonstrated that physical maltreatment is related to problems that arise in close temporal proximity to the occurrence of the abuse, such as juvenile delinquency, psychopathology, and disrupted social relationships
JAMA Network A 12-Year Prospective Study of the Long-term Effects of Early Child Physical Maltreatment on Psychological, Behavioral, and Academic Problems in Adolescence Jennifer E. Lansford August 2002 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/203703
10.3 Little Effects As shown, adolescents who had been maltreated early in life had lower grades and standardized test scores in language arts, were absent from school almost twice as many days, and were suspended from school more than twice as many times as adolescents who had not been maltreated.
JAMA Network A 12-Year Prospective Study of the Long-term Effects of Early Child Physical Maltreatment on Psychological, Behavioral, and Academic Problems in Adolescence Jennifer E. Lansford August 2002 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/203703
10.1 Common ANNUALLY, ACCORDING to the United States Department of Health and Human Services (Washington, DC), approximately 3 million children are referred to local child protective service agencies as possible victims of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect.1
Jama Network A 12-Year Prospective Study of the Long-term Effects of Early Child Physical Maltreatment on Psychological, Behavioral, and Academic Problems in Adolescence Jennifer E. Lansford August 2002 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/203703
14.1 Effects Abused children have learned that their world is an unpredictable, often hurtful place.
NCBI Intervention in child abuse and neglect: an emerging subspecialty in child and adolescent psychiatry M. ADIB ESSALI 2005 Oct https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414768/
14.2 Effects The young child may feel incompetent, unlovable, helpless and powerless, and become suspicious of others.
NCBI Intervention in child abuse and neglect: an emerging subspecialty in child and adolescent psychiatry M. ADIB ESSALI 2005 Oct https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414768/
14.3 Effects Older children often demonstrate emotional problems, such as depression and anxiety.
NCBI Intervention in child abuse and neglect: an emerging subspecialty in child and adolescent psychiatry M. ADIB ESSALI 2005 Oct https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414768/
14.4 Effects A history of sexual abuse may contribute to becoming a sexual offender
NCBI Intervention in child abuse and neglect: an emerging subspecialty in child and adolescent psychiatry M. ADIB ESSALI 2005 Oct https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414768/
14.5 Effects Neglected children have been shown to become helpless and passive, and to display less affect, either positive or negative, in their peer encounters.
NCBI Intervention in child abuse and neglect: an emerging subspecialty in child and adolescent psychiatry M. ADIB ESSALI 2005 Oct https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414768/
14.6 Effects Physically abused children frequently have significant problems in their ability to develop and sustain peer relationships
NCBI Intervention in child abuse and neglect: an emerging subspecialty in child and adolescent psychiatry M. ADIB ESSALI 2005 Oct https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414768/
14.7 Effects Verbally and physically aggressive behavior as well as passive compliance and avoidant behavior have been reported.
NCBI Intervention in child abuse and neglect: an emerging subspecialty in child and adolescent psychiatry M. ADIB ESSALI 2005 Oct https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414768/
