Child Development Chapter 2

How many chromosomes does a gamete, or sex cell, have? Multiple choice question. 46 23 92 69

23

Select all that apply Which of the following happen during mitosis? Multiple select question. A zygote is formed. A cell's nucleus duplicates itself. Two new cells are formed. An egg and sperm fuse to together. Eggs and sperm are formed.

A cell's nucleus duplicates itself. Two new cells are formed.

What is the definition of genotype? Multiple choice question. A person's genetic material A person's observable characteristics A person's measurable characteristics The way an individual's genetic material is expressed

A person's genetic material

Sickle-cell anemia occurs most often in Multiple choice question. non-Latino whites. Asians. African Americans. American Jews.

African Americans

Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development? Multiple choice question. Biological genetics Behavior genetics Environment genetics Culture genetics

Behavior genetics

Select all that apply Which of the following malformations can be detected by fetal MRI? Multiple select question. Central nervous system malformations Chest malformations Maternal blood malformations Genital/urinary tract malformations

Central nervous system malformations Chest malformations Genital/urinary tract malformations

What is the complex molecule, shaped like a spiral staircase, that contains genetic information? Multiple choice question. Gene Chromosome DNA Cell

DNA

Which of the following is true of the cause of infertility? Multiple choice question. It is almost always the woman's fault. It is almost always the man's fault. It can rest with the woman or the man. It is never clear whose fault it is.

It can rest with the woman or the man

Males who have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY, have Multiple choice question. Klinefelter syndrome. Turner syndrome. fragile X syndrome. Down syndrome.

Klinefelter syndrome.

A powerful magnet and a radio create images that generate a detailed picture of the body's organs and structures. This sort of screening is called a fetal _____

MRI

______ genotype-environment correlations occur because biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child. Multiple choice question. Niche-picking Active Passive Evocative

Passive

How are characteristics that suit a species for survival transmitted from one generation to the next? Multiple choice question. The phenotype of both parents' and offsprings' genetic material The passage of susceptibility genes from parents to offspring The genetic code inherited from our parents The way in which the environment influences a gene pool

The genetic code inherited from our parents

A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing or part of one X chromosome is deleted is referred to as Multiple choice question. Down syndrome. fragile X syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome. Turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome

A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing or part of one X chromosome is deleted is referred to as Multiple choice question. fragile X syndrome. Turner syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome. Down syndrome.

Turner syndrome

Someone with which of the following chromosomes has Turner syndrome? Multiple choice question. XXY XO XY XYY

XO

Which of the following chromosome pairings on the 23rd chromosome would result in a genetic female? Multiple choice question. XXY XX YY XY

XX

Phenylketonuria is best treated by Multiple choice question. a specialized diet. blood transfusions. corrective surgery. hydroxyurea therapy.

a specialized diet

_____ is the social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons not related by birth.

adoption

______ is a parent-child relationship that is established through a social and legal process. Multiple choice question. Apprenticeship Adoption Socialization Mentorship

adoption

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Down syndrome? Multiple choice question. Intellectual and motor disabilities An extra copy of chromosome 21 An extra Y chromosome A round face and a flattened skull

an extra Y chromosome

All of the following are characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome except Multiple choice question. undeveloped testes. tallness. an extra Y chromosome. enlarged breasts.

an extra Y chromosome.

According to the epigenetic view, which of the following characterizes the relationship between heredity and environment in development? Multiple choice question. Bidirectional One-way Cconstant Independent

bidirectional

There are times when abnormalities involve whole _____ that do not separate properly, whereas other abnormalities are produced by harmful genes.

chromosomes

The two new cells created by mitosis Multiple choice question. form eggs and sperm. create a zygote. contain the same DNA as the original cell. do not have the same chromosomes as the original cell.

contain the same DNA as the original cell

In a gene pair, the _____ gene will always override the potential influence of the other gene of a pair.

dominant

The ______ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment. Multiple choice question. evocative experiential epigenetic nonshared environment heredity-environment correlation

epigenetic

True or false: Phenotype is a person's genetic heritage, the actual genetic material.

false

What is the process in which an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell? Multiple choice question. Meiosis Germination Mitosis Fertilization

fertilization

Which of the following prenatal tests poses a lower risk to the fetus due to its less invasive nature? Multiple choice question. Amniocentesis Apgar scaling Fetal MRI Chorionic villus sampling

fetal MRI

All of a person's actual genetic material makes up his or her _____

genotype OR genome

According to evolutionary psychology, natural selection favors behaviors that Multiple choice question. increase reproductive success. maintain peace among people. are not aggressive in nature. make a population physically strong.

increase reproductive success.

Chromosomal abnormalities result when a chromosome does not separate properly during Multiple choice question. collaboration. fertilization. mitosis. meiosis.

meiosis

______ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm. Multiple choice question. Division Meiosis Fertilization Mitosis

meiosis

Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves, whereas ______ are the building blocks of cells. Multiple choice question. chromosomes proteins genetics DNA

proteins

The building blocks of cells that regulate and direct body processes are called Multiple choice question. hormones. carbohydrates. proteins. nutrients.

proteins

In a gene pair, the ______ gene does not always exert its influence. Multiple choice question. phenotypic recessive dominant inherited

recessive

Human traits and characteristics that are genetically influenced have an evolutionary history that is Multiple choice question. solely human. uninfluenced by the environment. solely inherited from our parents. retained in our DNA.

retained in our DNA

Prenatal diagnostic tests include all of the following except Multiple choice question. amniocentesis. fetal MRI. the Apgar Scale. ultrasound sonography.

the Apgar Scale.

True or false: The emerging view is that complex behaviors are influenced by genes in ways that give people a propensity for a particular developmental trajectory as well as by complex environments.

true

Normally conducted seven weeks into the pregnancy, ______ is used to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and, when used later in the pregnancy, can help determine whether the baby is male or female. Multiple choice question. amniocentesis chorionic villus sampling ultrasound sonography a fetal MRI

ultrasound sonography

Match the following words with the correct definition. 1. mitosis 2. meiosis 3. fertilization a. A cell's nucleus, including the chromosomes, duplicates itself, and the cell divides. b. An egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell. c. A specialized form of cell division forms eggs and sperm only.

1. a 2. c 3. b

Select all that apply Which of the following are recessive characteristics? Multiple select question. Blond hair Nearsightedness Freckles Dimples

Blond hair Nearsightedness Freckles

Which of the following is a chromosomally transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21? Multiple choice question. Turner syndrome Fragile X syndrome Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome

Down syndrome

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors? Multiple choice question. Social psychology Evolutionary psychology Cognitive psychology Adaptation psychology

Evolutionary psychology

Which of the following is a genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize a certain amino acid and, if left untreated, causes intellectual disability? Multiple choice question. Spina bifida Phenylketonuria (PKU) Sickle-cell anemia Huntington disease

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Which of the following is true of the difference between the chromosomes of the male and the chromosomes of the female? Multiple choice question. There are no differences between male and female chromosomes. The difference is found in the 23rd pair. There are differences between males and females in each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes. The difference is found in the first pair.

The difference is found in the 23rd pair.

Which of the following would be most commonly used by a behavior geneticist? Multiple choice question. Biochemical studies Twin or adoption studies Molecular genetic testing Pre-implantation testing

Twin or adoption studies

Which of the following is not a dominant characteristic? Multiple choice question. Farsightedness Brown hair Dimples Blond hair

blond hair

According to developmental psychologist David Moore, genetic factors Multiple choice question. do not determine phenotypes independently from the contexts in which they develop. predictably intertwine with environmental conditions to help understand human behavior. are the main factors in the development of behavior. and environmental factors independently influence human development.

do not determine phenotypes independently from the contexts in which they develop.

True or false: Those with XYY syndrome are more prone to aggression and violence.

false

True or false: Ultrasound sonography during pregnancy can pose significant risks to both mother and fetus.

false

Genes are passed from generation to generation through three processes, called mitosis, meiosis, and _____

fertilization

_____ are units of hereditary information that help cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture the proteins that maintain life.

genes

The inability to conceive a child after 12 months of regular intercourse without contraception is referred to as Multiple choice question. infertility. ovulation. infertilization. sterility.

infertility

XYY syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which the Multiple choice question. male has an extra X chromosome. male has an extra Y chromosome. female has an extra X chromosome. female has a Y chromosome.

male has an extra Y chromosome.

A common outcome of fragile X syndrome is Multiple choice question. red blood cell impairment. mental deficiency. infertility. extreme height.

mental deficiency

_____ selection is the evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adapted to their environment are the ones that survive and reproduce.

natural

What evolutionary process determines that those individuals of a species who are best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce? Multiple choice question. Natural selection Adaptive behavior Natural behavior Adaptive selection

natural selection

Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder in which the red blood cells cannot carry ______ properly and die quickly. Multiple choice question. blood protein calcium oxygen

oxygen

Bobby's dad is a banker and loves numbers, and Bobby and his dad enjoy solving arithmetic problems. According to ______, Bobby will probably grow up to be skilled in arithmetic. Multiple choice question. evocative genotype-environment correlations niche-picking genotype-environment correlations active genotype-environment correlations passive genotype-environment correlations

passive genotype-environment correlations

Observable and measurable characteristics such as height, hair color, and intelligence are aspects of a person's _____

phenotype

Fragile X syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which Multiple choice question. there is an abnormality on the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks. males have an extra X chromosome. males have an extra Y chromosome. either an X chromosome is missing or part of one X chromosome is deleted.

there is an abnormality on the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks.

What is the single cell that is formed through fertilization? Multiple choice question. Egg Zygote Ovum Embryo

zygote