child health: gastro/renal

A nurse is assigned to assist in caring for a newborn with a colostomy that was created during surgical intervention for imperforate anus. When the newborn returns from surgery, the nurse checks the stoma and notes that it is red and edematous. Which of the following is the appropriate nursing intervention?

Document the findings.

A nurse is monitoring for fluid volume deficit in an infant who is vomiting and having diarrhea. The nurse weighs the infant's diaper after each voiding and stool and carefully calculates fluid volume, knowing that:

Each gram of diaper weight is equivalent to 1 mL of urine.

A male child who had surgery to correct hypospadias is seen in a health care provider's office for a well-baby check-up. The nurse provides instructions to the mother, knowing that which long-term complication is associated with hypospadias?

Renal anomalies

A nurse is planning care for a child with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The child has been anuric and will be receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment. The nurse plans to:

Restrict fluids, as prescribed.

A nurse is assisting a health care provider with an assessment of a child with a diagnosis of suspected appendicitis. In assessing the intensity and progression of the pain, the health care provider palpates the child at McBurney's point. The nurse understands that McBurney's point is located midway between the:

Right anterior superior iliac crest and the umbilicus

A nurse is reviewing the health record of a child who has been recently diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Which finding noted in the child's record is associated with the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?

The child had a streptococcal throat infection 2 weeks before diagnosis.

A nurse is assigned to care for an infant with cryptorchidism. The nurse anticipates that diagnostic studies will be prescribed to evaluate:

kidney function

A nurse is collecting data on a child recently diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Which of the following questions to the mother would elicit information about the cause of this disease?

"Did your child recently complain of a sore throat?"

A nurse provides home care instructions to the parents of an infant following surgical intervention for imperforate anus and tells the parents about the procedure for anal dilation. Which statement by the parents indicates the need for further instructions?

"I will insert a glycerin suppository before the dilation."

A nurse is collecting data on an infant with a diagnosis of suspected Hirschsprung's disease. Which of the following questions to the mother will most specifically elicit information regarding this disorder?

"Does your infant have foul-smelling, ribbon-like stools?"

A nurse is admitting a child with a diagnosis of lactose intolerance. Which finding does the nurse expect to assess?

frothy stools

A nurse is assigned to care for a child who is suspected of having glomerulonephritis. The nurse reviews the child's record and notes that which finding is associated with the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis?

red-brown rice

A nurse is assigned to care for a child who is scheduled for an appendectomy. Which prescriptions does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed? Select all that apply.

2. Initiate an intravenous line. 3. Maintain nothing-by-mouth status. 4. Administer intravenous antibiotics. 5. Administer preoperative medications.

A 1-year-old child is diagnosed with intussusception. The mother of the child asks the nurse to describe the disorder. The nurse tells the mother that this disorder is:

A condition in which a proximal segment of the bowel prolapses into a distal segment of the bowel

A nursing student caring for a 6-month-old infant is asked to collect a urine specimen from the infant. The student collects the specimen by:

Attaching a urinary collection device to the infant's perineum for collection

An 18-month-old child is being discharged after surgical repair of hypospadias. Which postoperative nursing care measure should the nurse stress to the parents as they prepare to take this child home?

Avoid tub baths until the stent has been removed.

A nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for a diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse includes which intervention in the plan of care?

Encourage limited activity and provide safety measures.

A 3-year-old child is seen in the health care clinic, and a diagnosis of encopresis is made. The nurse reviews the record, expecting to note which of the following that is a sign of this disorder?

Evidence of soiled clothing

An adolescent is admitted to the hospital with complaints of lower right abdominal pain. The health care provider prescribes laboratory tests to rule out ectopic pregnancy rather than appendicitis. Which of the following is most significant in ruling out an ectopic pregnancy?

Serum human chorionic gonadotropin

A breast-feeding mother of an infant with lactose intolerance asks the nurse about dietary measures. Which of the following foods would the nurse instruct the mother to avoid?

hard cheeses

A nurse is checking the status of jaundice in a child with hepatitis. The nurse checks which of the following that will provide the best data regarding the presence of jaundice?

nailbeds

A nurse reinforces home-care instructions to the parents of a child with celiac disease. Which of the following food items would the nurse advise the parents to include in the child's diet?

rice

A nurse is reinforcing instructions to the parents of a child with a hernia regarding measures that will promote reducing the hernia. The nurse determines that the parents understand these measures if they state which of the following?

"We will provide comfort measures to reduce any crying periods by our child."

A nurse is checking a child for dehydration and documents that the child is moderately dehydrated. Which of the following symptoms would be noted in determining this finding?

oliguria

A nurse has provided dietary instructions to the mother of a child with celiac disease. The nurse determines that further instructions are needed if the mother states that she will include which of the following in the child's nutritional plan?

oatmeal

A nurse is reviewing the record of a child with a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis. Which data would the nurse expect to note as having been documented in the child's record?

projectile vomiting

A nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for a 10-year-old child diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Following review of the plan of care, the nurse determines that which of the following is the priority for the child?

promote bedrest

A nurse is monitoring for signs of dehydration in a 1-year-old child who has been hospitalized for diarrhea and prepares to take the child's temperature. Which method of temperature measurement should be avoided?

rectal

A nurse reviews the record of a 1-year-old child seen in the clinic and notes that the health care provider has documented a diagnosis of celiac crisis. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to note in this condition?

profuse watery diarrhea

A nurse has provided discharge instructions to the mother of an 18-month-old child following surgical repair of hypospadias. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further instruction?

"I should carry my child by straddling the child on my hip."

A health care provider prescribes intravenous potassium for a child with hypertonic dehydration. The nurse assigned to assist in caring for the child would check which highest-priority item before administration of the potassium?

urine output

A nurse is preparing a 2-year-old child with suspected nephrotic syndrome for a renal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The mother asks the nurse, "Will my child ever look thin again?" The nurse appropriately responds by saying:

"In most cases, medication and diet will control fluid retention."

A child is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. The child's mother asks the nurse about the disease. The appropriate nursing response is which of the following?

"It is the inability to tolerate sugar found in dairy products."

A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old child who has been vomiting. The appropriate position in which to place the child during naps and sleep time is:

A side-lying position

A nurse is caring for a child who is scheduled for an appendectomy. When the nurse reviews the health care provider's preoperative prescriptions, which of the following would be questioned?

Administer a Fleet enema.

The parents of a newborn have been told that their child was born with bladder exstrophy, and the parents ask the nurse about this condition. The nurse bases the response on knowledge that this condition is:

An extrusion of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body through a defect in the lower abdominal wall

A nurse provides instructions to the parents of an infant with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) regarding proper positioning to manage reflux. The nurse tells the parents that the infant should be maintained in:

An upright angle 24 hours a day

A nurse is caring for an infant. A urinalysis has been prescribed, and the nurse plans to collect the specimen. The nurse implements which appropriate method to collect the specimen?

Attaches a urinary collection device to the infant's perineum

A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of intussusception. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to note in this child?

Blood and mucus in the stools

A nurse reinforces instructions to the mother about dietary measures for a 5-year-old child with lactose intolerance. The nurse tells the mother that which of the following supplements will be required as a result of the need to avoid lactose in the diet?

Calcium

A nurse reviews the record of an infant who is seen in the clinic. The nurse notes that a diagnosis of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is suspected. The nurse expects to note which most likely clinical manifestation of this condition in the medical record?

Choking with feedings

A child with leukemia is experiencing nausea related to medication therapy. The nurse, concerned about the child's nutritional status, should offer which of the following during this episode of nausea?

Cool, clear liquids

A nursing instructor is observing a nursing student caring for an infant with a diagnosis of bladder exstrophy. The nursing student provides appropriate care to the infant by:

Covering the bladder with a nonadhering plastic wrap

A 2-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. In planning care for this child, which of the following nursing interventions would be of highest priority?

Dipstick the urine for protein every 4 hours.

A nursing student is preparing to conduct a clinical conference, and the topic is hepatitis in children. The nursing instructor advises the student to further research the topic if the student plans to include which of the following in the discussion?

Enteric precautions are necessary for HBV but not for HAV.

A nurse is administering medications to a 6-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome. To reduce proteinuria, the nurse should expect that which medication would be prescribed?

Furosemide (Lasix)

A nurse is reviewing the health record of an infant with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. Which clinical manifestation of this disorder would the nurse expect to note documented in the record?

Hiccupping and spitting up after a meal

A child is diagnosed with intussusception. The nurse collects data on the child, knowing that which of the following is a characteristic of this disorder?

Invagination of a section of the intestine into the distal bowel

A mother of an infant diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease asks the nurse about the disorder. The nurse plans to base the response on which of the following?

It is a congenital aganglionosis or megacolon.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an infant suspected of having hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note in this infant?

Metabolic alkalosis

A mother brings her 5-month-old daughter into the pediatrician's office with complaints that the child has been vomiting during feedings. The mother also states that the child is sometimes very fussy. The nurse's initial action would be to:

Obtain a complete history of the child's feeding habits.

A nurse is assigned to care for a 2-year-old child who has been admitted to the hospital for surgical correction of cryptorchidism. The highest priority in the postoperative plan of care for this child is to:

Prevent tension on the suture.

The child with cryptorchidism is being discharged after orchiopexy, which was performed on an outpatient basis. The nurse informs the parents about which priority care measure?

Preventing infection at the surgical site

A nurse is reviewing the health record of a child with a diagnosis of celiac disease. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to note documented in the health record?

Profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting

An emergency department nurse is caring for a child brought to the emergency department following the ingestion of approximately one half bottle of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). The nurse anticipates that the likely initial treatment will be:

The administration of activated charcoal

A 2-year-old child is diagnosed with constipation. Which of the following describes a characteristic of this disorder?

The infrequent and difficult passage of dry stools

A nurse is monitoring a newborn with a suspected diagnosis of imperforate anus. The nurse understands that which of the following is unassociated with this disorder?

The passage of currant jelly-like stools

A nurse provides feeding instructions to a mother of an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux (GER). To assist in reducing the episodes of emesis, the nurse tells the mother to:

Thicken the feedings by adding rice cereal to the formula.

An infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is receiving diuretic therapy, and the nurse is closely monitoring the intake and output (I&O). Which is the best method for the nurse to use to monitor the urine output?

Weighing the diapers

A newborn is transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit with an admitting diagnosis of esophageal atresia accompanied by a distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). When assisting to care for the newborn, the priority concern would be:

aspiration

A nurse collects a urine specimen preoperatively from a child with epispadias who is scheduled for surgical repair. The nurse reviews the child's record for the laboratory results of the urine test and would most likely expect to note which of the following?

bacteriuria

A nurse is reviewing the record of a child scheduled for a health care provider's visit. Before data collection, the nurse notes documentation that the child has enuresis. Based on this diagnosis, the nurse plans to focus on which of the following when collecting data?

bladder function

A nurse caring for a child with nephrotic syndrome reviews the medication record. The nurse notes that prazosin hydrochloride (Minipress) is prescribed for the child. The nurse determines that this medication has been prescribed to:

control hypertension

An infant returns to the nursing unit following surgery for an esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The infant is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids, and a gastrostomy tube is in place. The nurse who is assisting in caring for the infant will ensure that the gastrostomy tube is:

elevated

An infant returns to the nursing unit after the surgical repair of a cleft lip located on the right side of the lip. The best position in which to place this infant at this time is:

on his or her left side

A child with a diagnosis of a hernia has been scheduled for a surgical repair in 2 weeks. The nurse reinforces instructions to the parents about the signs of possible hernial strangulation. The nurse tells the parents that which of the following signs would require health care provider (HCP) notification by the parents?

vomiting

A nurse is caring for a 1-year-old child following a cleft palate repair. Which solution should the nurse use after feedings to cleanse the child's mouth?

water

A nurse is assisting in planning discharge instructions to the mother of a child following orchiopexy, which was performed on an outpatient basis. Which of the following is the priority in the plan of care?

wound care

Choose the interventions that a nurse would include when writing a care plan for a child with hepatitis? Select all that apply.

1. Providing a low-fat, well-balanced diet 3.Teaching the child effective handwashing techniques 5-Instructing the parents about the risks associated with taking medications

A child is admitted to the hospital with a probable diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Which findings would the nurse expect to observe? Select all that apply.

1. pallor 2. edema 3. anorexia 4. proteinuria

A nurse is preparing to feed a 1-year-old hospitalized child. The nurse prepares the amount of formula to be given to this child, knowing that generally a 1-year-old consumes approximately:

175mL per feeding

Following a cleft lip repair, the nurse provides instructions to the parents regarding cleaning of the lip repair site. Which of the following solutions would the nurse use in demonstrating this procedure to the parents?

sterile water

A nurse is providing dietary instructions to the mother of a child with celiac disease. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further instructions?

"I am so pleased that I won't have to eliminate oatmeal from my child's diet."

A nurse reinforces home-care instructions to the parents of a child with hepatitis regarding the care of the child and the prevention of the transmission of the virus. Which statement by a parent indicates a need for further instruction?

"I need to provide a well-balanced, high-fat diet to my child."

A nurse is providing information to the mother of a child with nephrotic syndrome regarding the edematous appearance of the child. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the mother?

"The fluid retention should be controlled by medication and diet."

A nurse is caring for an infant with a diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. The nurse should check for which clinical findings that are consistent with Hirschsprung's disease? Select all that apply.

1- fever 2- constipation 3- failure to thrive 5- abdominal distension 6- explosive, watery diarrhea

A nurse is reviewing the record of a child admitted to the hospital with nephrotic syndrome. Which finding would the nurse expect to note documented in the record?

proteinuria

A nurse is assisting in admitting to the hospital a 4-month-old infant with a diagnosis of vomiting and dehydration. The nurse assists in developing a plan of care for the infant and suggests including in the plan to position the infant in a(n):

side lying position

A nurse assists in preparing a plan of care for the infant with bladder exstrophy. The nurse identifies which of the following immediate problems as the priority for the infant?

skin disruption

A nurse provides instructions to the mother of an infant with cleft palate regarding feeding. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further instructions?

"I need to use a nipple with a small hole to prevent choking."

A nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to the mother of a 2-year-old child who has had an orchiopexy to correct cryptorchidism. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother of the child, indicates that further teaching is necessary?

"I'll let him decide when to return to his play activities."

A nurse reviews the record of a 3-week-old infant and notes that the health care provider has documented a diagnosis of suspected Hirschsprung's disease. The nurse understands that which of the following symptoms led the mother to seek health care for the infant?

Foul-smelling, ribbon-like stools

A newborn infant is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux (GER). The mother of the infant asks the nurse to explain the diagnosis. The nurse plans to base the response on which description of this disorder?

Gastric contents regurgitate back into the esophagus.

A nurse is assisting with performing admission data collection on a 2-year-old child who has been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse collects data knowing that a common characteristic associated with nephrotic syndrome is:

Generalized edema

A nurse is assigned to care for a child with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who is scheduled for pyloromyotomy. Which of the following positions would the nurse place the child in during the preoperative period?

Prone with the head of the bed elevated

A 4-year-old child is hospitalized for severe gastroenteritis. The child is crying and clinging to the mother. The mother becomes very upset and is afraid to leave the child. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most appropriate to alleviate the child's fears and the mother's anxiety?

Ask the mother if she would like to stay overnight with the child.

A lethargic, pale child is brought to the health care provider's office with symptoms of periorbital edema and reduced quantity of urine output. The urine is cloudy and smoky in color. The nurse asks the mother if the child has had any recent infections, to which the mother responds that the child had a very sore throat a few weeks ago. The health care provider suspects that the child might have acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which of the following laboratory tests would rule out a past streptococcal infection in the child?

Antistreptolysin titer