Child Psychology Ch. 3 (Prenatal Development)

birth

At _____, the average American baby weighs 7 1/2 pounds and is about 20 inches long

CenteringPregnancy

Replaces traditional 15 minute physician visits with 90 minute peer group support sessions and self examination led by a physician or certified nurse-midwife. The sessions emphasize empowering women to play an active role in experiencing a positive pregnancy

fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

A cluster of abnormalities and problems that appear in the offspring of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy. Abnormalities include facial deformities, and defects of the limbs, face, and heart

placenta

A disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but don't join

teratogen

Any agent that can potentially cause a physical birth defect. Includes drugs, incompatible blood types, environmental pollutants, infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, maternal stress, advanced maternal and paternal age.

six

As early as ___ months of pregnancy, the fetus for the first time has a chance of surviving outside the womb

psychoactive drugs

Drugs that act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods. Examples: caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, and heroin

eighth ninth

During the ______ and _____ months, the fetus grows longer and gains substantial weight, about another 4 pounds

two

During the last ___ months of prenatal development, fatty tissues develop, and the functioning of various organ systems steps up

Neural tube Neurogenesis Neural migration Neural connectivity

Four phases of the brain's development during the prenatal development

organogenesis

Process of organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development

Rh factor

The __ ______ can result in blood-type incompatibility that can endanger the fetus

two

The basic architecture of the human brain is assembled during the first ___ trimesters of prenatal development

teratology

The field of study that investigates the causes of birth defects

neurogenesis

The formation of new neurons

endoderm

The inner layer of cells, which develops into digestive and respiratory systems

blastocyst

The inner mass of cells that develops during the germinal period. These cells later develop into the the embryo

amnion

The life support system that is a thin bag or envelope that contains an clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats

mesoderm

The middle layer of cells, which becomes the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system

trophoblast

The outer layer of cells that develops in the germinal period. These cells later provide nutrition and support for the embryo

ectoderm

The outermost layer of cells, which becomes the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors (ears, nose, and eyes), and skin parts (skin, hair, and nails)

embryonic period

The period of prenatal development that occurs two to eight weeks after conception. During the ________ ______, the rate of cell differentiation intensifies, support systems for the cells form, and organs appear

germinal period

The period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks after conception. It includes the creation of the fertilized egg, called a zygote, cell division and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall

fetal period

The prenatal period of development that begins two months after conception and lasts for seven months on average. Growth and development continue their dramatic course during this time

dose time of exposure genetic susceptibility

The severity and type of damage caused by a particular teratogen to a developing embryo or fetus are influenced by the ____, ____ __ _______, and _______ ______________

neurons

The term for nerve cells, which handle information processing at the cellular level

germinal embryonic

Which prenatal periods occur during the first trimester?

fetal

Which prenatal periods occur during the second and third trimesters?

three

_____ months after conception the fetus is about three inches long, actively moving its arms and legs and head, and exhibiting a distinguishable face, forehead, eyelid, nose, and chin

tobacco

_______ is a key contributor to intrauterine retardation

umbilical cord

contains two arteries and one vein that connect the baby to the placenta

implantation

the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall