childhood development final study#2

Who said, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains?"

Rousseau

Which of the following is true of Genie?

She was a severely maltreated child who had been isolated for about 13 years

Neural structures can be pruned through programmed cell death, or:

apoptosis

Which of the following are examples of risk factors?

All of the above

Which of the following is true of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

All of the above

How does Vygotsky's theory differ from Piaget's?

D. All of the above

What is the importance of touch to babies?

A & B (Babies who are massaged daily develop movement earlier, sleep more soundly and have less colic.)

Which of the following is true of Rousseau?

A. He believed that nature would guide the child in development and that society could only corrupt

Which of the following is true of the majority of poor children in the US?

A. They live in families where someone has a job

What was the outcome of the Kellogg Experiment?

B. Donald, the human child, was more influenced by the ape and was better at chimpanzee than human speech

Who said, "It is best to think of the child's mind as a tabula rasa, a blank slate, and whatever comes into the mind comes from the environment?"

B. Locke

According to Vygotsky, what is scaffolding?

B. The means to access the zone of proximal development

Is there a difference in the terms "critical" period and "sensitive" period?

Both B and C are correct

What is a Teratogen?

C. Environmental chemicals such as alcohol or other recreational drugs, medications, or environmental pollutants that can cause birth defects or threaten a fetus

Until the middle ages, children in Western society were:

D. All of the above

Why are we studying feral children?

D. All of the above

Why is it important to study child development from a multicultural perspective?

D. All of the above

According to Bandura, what conditions are necessary before an individual can successfully model the behavior of someone else?

D. Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation

Assimilation is:

D. The process of taking in new information by incorporating it into an existing schema

What is object permanence?

E. A & B

Which of the following is true of Amala & Kamala's language?

E. A & B

Which of the following is true of John Locke?

E. A & B

Which of the following is true of feral children's language?

E. All of the above

Which of the following must be present for an individual to learn through modeling?

E. All of the above

Match the economic class with its hidden values.

Money is meant to be managed; Achievement is highly valued; Self-sufficiency is important; Education is crucial for future and economic success; Good choices now will lead to a good future later; Family power tends to be patriarchal = Middle Class A sense of humor is highly valued and the entertainment value of one's personality is key; Those who are liked are socially included; Clothing is an expression of style and personal expression; Believe in fate; The present, the here-and-now, is most important; Family power tends to be matriarchal = poverty class Money is to be invested; Social and political connections are important; traditions and history matter; View the world from an international perspective; Social emphasis is on exclusion = wealthy class

According to your online reading, which disease is most well-known for causing deterioration of myelin in the brain because of attack from the body's own immune system?

Multiple Sclerosis

Developmental psychologists are described as doing all of the following EXCEPT:

a. EEG while infants are reinforced for target behaviors

Piaget's sensorimotor period of development typically lasts from:

a. birth to 2 years

Jerome receives the allele for facial dimples from both his mother and father. Jerome is said to be ________ for facial dimples.

a. homozygous

A within-subjects design is conducted such that all children:

a. participate in all experimental conditions

Lucian grew up in a Romanian orphanage under conditions of severe deprivation. All of the following statements are true of extremely deprived children such as Lucien compared to typically developing children EXCEPT:

a. reduced pruning

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding synaptic pruning?

b. Synaptic pruning only follows apoptosis.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding premature infants?

b. The more immature the preterm infant is at birth, the higher the risk of medical problems just in infancy but not in childhood and beyond.

The brainstem is concerned with all of the following EXCEPT:

b. coordination of voluntary movement

Dr. Johnson uses a white noise blast in a quiet, sterile lab room to study her participants' startle response. While the physiological and psychological data she will record will be reliable, her study will likely have less:

b. ecological validity

The development and use of number concepts occurs:

b. in both animals and people

Several genes influence human skin color. This is an example of:

b. polygenic inheritance

By approximately 12 months, an infant's perceptual-motor development has advanced such that she can do all of the following EXCEPT:

b. quickly stand and walk over to an object located across the room

Determining if zebras are black animals with white stripes or white animals with black stripes, illustrates the importance of:

b. studying many different points of development to understand problems and characteristics

Heavily myelinated bundles of axons in the brain are called:

b. white matter

An example of a global change is:

c. an increased ability to pay attention in middle childhood

Changes within a culture over time that lead to differences among your study groups are especially a problem for:

c. cross-sectional studies

Some unspecialized cells develop into brain cells before birth. This is an example of ________ development.

c. prenatal

An advantage near-infrared spectroscopy has over other methods of imaging for infants is that it:

d. can tolerate significant head movements

The aim of Watson's famous study was to show that one way we can come to have fears is to be:

d. classically conditioned through a traumatic experience with an animal

Dr. Allison focuses on the way we learn, represent, use, and understand information across different parts of the lifespan. She is using the ________ perspective.

d. cognitive science

All of the following act as teratogens EXCEPT:

d. maternal exercise

An observational study is one in which children are:

d. watched in their natural environments and data is collected

Which brain structure is likely to be the last to develop?

prefrontal cortex

________ are the gaps between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another.

synapses