China Philosophies 5-2

What kind of society promotes Daoism?

A *peaceful society* promotes Daoism.

What man were ancient China's first great thinker and teacher?

*Confucius* was ancient China's first great thinker and teacher.

What is filial piety?

*respect for parents and older relatives*, an important part of *Confucian beliefs*

What Chinese philosophy was based on the teachings of Laozi?

Daoism is the Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi.

Why did aristocrats like the philosophy of Legalism?

Aristocrats liked the philosophy of Legalism because it favored *force and power*, and did *not* require rulers to *show kindness or understanding*.

What is Daoism?

Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should *turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns*

What is Legalism?

Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that *humans are naturally evil, therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws*

What did Confucius believe would bring peace to Chinese society?

Confucius believed that *having a sense of duty* would bring peace to Chinese society.

Why were merchants not allowed to have government jobs?

Merchants were not allowed to have government jobs because Chinese leaders believed that *government officials should not be concerned with money*.

Much Chinese began to look for ways to restore peace and order to society during what period?

Much Chinese began to look for ways to restore peace and order to society during the *"Period of Warring States"*.

Main Ideas Confucius (Confucianism)- Laozi (Daoism)- Hanfeizi (Legalism)-

Seek Knowledge Turn to nature Naturally evil and, therefore, need to be ruled by harsh laws

What was the basic building block of Chinese society?

The *family* was the basic building block of Chinese society.

Describe the primary differences between Confucianism and Daoism.

The primary difference between Confucianism and Daoism is that Confucius taught that people should work hard to improve the world while Laozi told people to give up their concerns about the world.

What particular teaching of Confucius caused him to be resisted by the aristocrats?

The teaching of Confucius that states that *all men with a talent for governing should take part in government* caused him to be resisted by aristocrats.

Name the three main social classes of early China.

The three main social classes of early China are *landowning aristocrats, peasant farmers, and merchants*.

Name the three major theories developed by early Chinese thinkers about how to create a peaceful society.

The three major theories developed by early Chinese thinkers about how to create a peaceful society were Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism.

What were the two primary responsibilities of women in Chinese society?

The two primary responsibilities of women in Chinese society were *raising children and seeing to their education and convincing men in power to see things their way*.

What did the scholar Hanfeizi believe about human nature that was different from both Confucius and Laozi?

Unlike Confucius or Laozi, Hanfeizi taught that humans were naturally evil and needed to issue harsh laws and stiff punishments.

Who is Hanfeizi?

a scholar who developed the teachings of Legalism during the 200s BC

What is Confucianism?

a system of beliefs introduced by the Chinese thinker Confucius; taught that people needed to have a sense of *duty to their family and their community in order to bring peace to society*

Who is Laozi (Old Master)?

taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns