CHN 2: CHAPTER 1-3
Disease Prevention
1. Focuses on specific efforts aimed at reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases and other morbidities 2. To avoid disease, detect disease in early stage, and minimize effects of disease and disability
Researcher
1. Follows a systematic process of monitoring the health status of the community through the conduct of surveys and home visits 2. Conducts researches concerning the health of the community 3. Coordinates with government and non- government organizations in the conduct and implementation of studies
Health Monitor
1. Monitors and detects the presence of health concerns in the community through contacts or home visits. 2. Utilizes various effective data gathering techniques in keeping an eye on the health status of all recipients of care. 3. Records and reports health status and presence of health problems in the community
Change Agent
1. Promotes and motivates change in the community in their health practices and lifestyle behaviors for them to promote and maintain good health, be knowledgeable and has the initiative in accessing health services 2. Inculcates self- reliance to brought about development and improvement in the community
Statistician
1. Records data systematically and ensures its validity through accurate and complete data gathering 2. Reports prepared reports to concerned organizations i.e. government organization for immediate necessary plans or programs 3. Consolidates and reviews reports efficiently. 4. Analyzes and interprets consolidated data for monitoring the development in the health matters of the whole community
Provider of Nursing Care
1. Renders direct care to various clients with different needs, may it be at home, in school, clinics or work settings 2. Involves the family in the care of the sick or dependent individual, i.e., sick child
Public Health Nursing
1. __________ may be defined as a field of professional practice in nursing and in public health in which technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical, and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community. (Freeman, 1963) 2. The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences. (NA/APHA, 1996)
ENTREPRENURSE
A project initiated by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), in collaboration with the Board of Nursing of the Philippines, Department of Health, Philippines Nurses Association and other stakeholders to promote nurse entrepreneurship by introducing a home health care industry in the Philippines. o It aims to: 1. Reduce the cost of health care for the countries indigent population by bringing primary health care services to poor rural communities 2. Maximize employment opportunities for the countries unemployed nurses 3. Utilize the countries unemployed human resources for health for the delivery of public health services and the achievement of the country's Millennium Development Goals (MDG) on maternal and child health, (DOLE, 2013)
"The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health".
According to Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986) A healthy community is in fact,
Freeman, 1963
According to _________, Public health nursing may be defined as a field of professional practice in nursing and in public health in which technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical, and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community.
ANA/APHA, 1996
According to _________, The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences.
McEwen and Pullis, 2008
According to __________, Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and groups where they live, work or go to school or as they move through the health care system
Community-based Nursing
Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and groups where they live, work or go to school or as they move through the health care system.
1. Rate 2. Ratio 3. Proportion
BASIC TOOLS OF MEASUREMENT
1. Open channels of communication and cooperation among the members of the community. 2. Equitable and efficient use of community resources, with the view towards sustaining natural resources.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY COMMUNITY
2CEH-LMP-Q2RS 1. Collaboration and Teamwork 2. Communication 3. Ethico-moral responsibility 4. Health education 5. Legal responsibility 6. Management of resources and environment 7. Personal and professional development 8. Quality improvement 9. Records management 10. Research 11. Safe and quality nursing care
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Records Management
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING accurate and updated documentation of client care while observing legal imperatives and record keeping
Legal Responsibility
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING adherence to the nursing laws as well as to national, local and organizational policies including documentation of care given to clients.
Health Education
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING assessment of client's learning needs; development of health education plan and learning materials and implementation and evaluation of health education plan
Quality Improvement
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING data gathering for quality improvement; participation in nursing rounds; identification and reporting of solutions to identifies problems related to client care.
Collaboration and Teamwork
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING establishment of collaborative relationship with colleagues and other members of health team
Personal and Professional Development
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING identification of own learning needs, pursuit of continuing education; involvement in professional image; positive attitude towards change and criticism
Safe and Quality Nursing Care
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING knowledge of health/illness status of the client, sound decision making; safety, comfort, privacy, administration of meds and health therapeutics and nursing process.
Management of Resources and Environment
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING organization of workload; use of financial resources for client care; mechanism to ensure proper functioning of equipment and maintenance of a safe environment
Research
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING research-based formulation of solutions to problems in client care and dissemination and application of research findings
Ethicomoral Responsibility
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING respect for the rights of the client; responsibility and accountability for own decisions and actions; and adherence to the international and national codes of ethics for nurses
Communication
COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING uses therapeutic communication techniques, identifies verbal and nonverbal cues, responds to client needs, while using formal and informal channels of communication and appropriate information technology
(CHEEP) 1. Culture 2. Health 3. Economy 4. Environment 5. People
COMPONENTS OF A COMMUNITY
1. Health promotion 2. Disease prevention
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
Circumstance
Communities of people brought together by external events/situations
Place
Communities of people brought together by geographic boundaries
Practice
Communities of people in the same profession or undertake the same activities
Action
Communities of people trying to bring about change.
Interest
Communities of people who share the same interest or passion.
1. Largest professional segment; (PEA-AAE) Prevention, Education, Advocacy, Activism, Assessment, and Evaluation of Public Health.
Community Health Nurse 1. Community health nurses comprise the _____ of the workplace in public health and are involved in the _____ , _____ , _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ of public health.
1. Prevention of the disease; promote community health and safety
Community Health Nurse hold a vital role in the _____ and help to _____
Community Health Nurse
Comprise the largest professional segment of the workplace in public health and are involved in the prevention, education, advocacy, activism, assessment, and evaluation of public health.
C2E2G-HIPPS 1. Culture 2. Education 3. Employment And Work Conditions 4. Gender 5. Genetics 6. Health Services 7. Income And Social Status 8. Personal Behavior And Coping Skills 9. Physical Environment 10. Social Support Networks
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
1. Home health care 2. Hospice home care 3. EntrepreNurse 4. Faith community nursing or parish nursing
EMERGING FIELDS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Clean water, clean linens, access to adequate sanitation, and quiet surroundings; Crimean war
ERA OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 1. Believed that _______ , _______ , _______, and _______ would improve health outcomes, and she put these beliefs into practice during the _______
1. Distribution 2. Determinants 3. Prevention and Control of Health Problems
Epidemiology It is the study of the _________ and _________ of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the _________ and _________ of health problems
Epi- upon Demos- People Logos- Study
Epidemiology: from the Greek words: ______ "______", ______ "______ ," and ______ "______ "
1. Health Belief Model 2. Pender's Health Promotion Model
Example of Open Systems
Pender's Health Promotion Model
Explores the many bio-psycho- social factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities.
CHEEEF 1. Community safety 2. Housing 3. Education 4. Employment 5. Environment 5. Financial Security
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
First nurse to formulate a conceptual foundation for nursing practice
1. Mortality Indicator 2. Morbidity Indicator
HEALTH INDICATORS
HOSPICE HOME CARE
Homecare rendered to the terminally ill. Palliative care is particularly important
1. Better Health Outcomes 2. Sustained Health Financing 3. Responsive Health System
It aims to achieve the health system goals of _________, _________, and _________ that will provide equitable access to health care
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE
It aims to achieve the health system goals of better health outcomes, sustained health financing, and responsive health system that will provide equitable access to health care
Epidemiology
It is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems
1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Ratio
MEASUREMENT FRACTIONS measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over specified period of time
Rate
MEASUREMENT FRACTIONS the relative magnitude of two quantities or comparison of two values
To deliver home health care services
Main Purpose of Entreprenurse
To preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations by focusing on health promotion and health maintenance of individuals, families, and groups within the community
Major goal of CHN
2C-DI-LUMP 1. Child Mortality Rate 2. Crude Death Rate 3. Disease Specific Mortality 4. Infant Mortality Rate 5. Life Expectancy 6. Maternal Mortality Ratio 7. Proportional Mortality Rate 8. Under Five Mortality Rate
Mortality Indicators include
BIDS-J 1. Dorothy Johnson 2. Sister Callista Roy 3. Imogene King 4. Betty Neuman 5. Jean Watson
Nursing theorists in the 1980s that have included community perspectives in their definition of health.
BEIOFS 1. Boundaries 2. Environment 3. Input 4. Output Processing 5. Feedback and Subsystems
OPEN SYSTEMS The basic structures of a family that is found in all open systems like _______, _______, _______, _______, _______and _______.
1. Altering Susceptibility 2.Reducing Exposure
Primary Prevention Relates to activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering _________ or reducing _________ for susceptible individuals
Health Belief Model
Provides the basis for much of the practice of health education and health promotion
1. Professional Practice; Nursing; Public Health 2. Technical Nursing, Interpersonal, Analytical and organizational Skills 3. Nursing, social, and public health sciences
Public Health Nursing 1. Public health nursing may be defined as a field of _________ in _________ and in _________ . 2. _________ , _________ , _________ , and _________ skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community. (Freeman, 1963) 3. The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from _________ , _________ , and_________ . (NA/APHA, 1996)
3C2H2P-RS 1. Change Agent 2. Community Organizer 3. Coordinator of services 4. Health Educator/ Trainer/ Counselor 6. Health monitor 7. Programmer/ Planner 8. Provider of Nursing Care 9. Researcher 10. Statistician
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE
Health Educator/Trainer/ Counsellor
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1. Acts as resource speaker on health and health-related services 2. Advocates health programs in the community through dissemination of IEC or Information Education and Communication materials 3. Conducts advocacy educations concerning premarital, breastfeeding, and immunization counsellings 4. Organizes orientation/ training of concerned groups like pregnant mothers 5. Identifies and interprets training needs of health team members and formulate appropriate training program for them 6. Conducts and facilitates necessary training or educational orientation to other health team members in the community
Coordinator of services
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1. Coordinates health services with concerned individuals and families through the community health team members, government organizations and non- government organizations 2. Coordinates nursing plans and programs with other health programs
Programmer/Planner
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1. Identifies the needs and concerns of individuals, groups, families, and the community 2. Formulates health plans, especially in the absence of a community physician 3. Interprets and implements nursing plans and programs 4. Assists other health team members in implementing health programs in the setting
Community Organizer
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1. Promotes self- reliance of community and emphasizes their involvement and participation in planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating of health services 2. Initiates and implements community development activities
1980 ONWARDS
Several nursing theorists, Dorothy Johnson, Sister Callist Roy, Imogene King, Betty Neuman, and Jean Watson among them, have included community perspectives in their definition of health.
1. Interest 2. Action 3. Place 4. Practice 5. Circumstance
TYPES OF COMMUNITY
OPEN SYSTEMS
The basic structures of a family that is found in all open systems like boundaries, environment, inputs, outputs processing, feedback and subsystems.
health promotion
The main focus of community health nurse is
Whole community and family
The recipient of care of community public health nursing practice is extended not only the individual but also to benefit the ______ and ______.
Neuman Systems Model
Theory by Betty Neuman
The Behavior System Model of Nursing
Theory by Dorothy E. Johnson
Theory of Goal Attainment
Theory by Imogene King
Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring
Theory by Jean Watson
Roy Adaptation Model
Theory by Sister Callista Roy
HOME HEALTH CARE
This practice involves providing nursing care nursing care to individuals and families in their own places of residence mainly to minimize the effects of illness and disability.
1. Health System Goals 2. Economically disadvantage Filipinos; PhilHealth (Philippine Health Insurance Corporation); Affordable and quality health services.
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE 1. It aims to achieve the _______ goals. 2. It is deliberately focused _______ on to ensure that they are given risk protection through enrollment in _______ and that they are able to access _______ and _______
Proportion
Used for expression of disease magnitude
GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY
Viewed as an "open system,"
1. A group of people who share something in common. 2. A group of people living in the same place. 3. A group of people that care about each other. 4. A group of people that feel that they belong together. 5. A group of people that care about the same goal.
WHAT IS A COMMUNITY?
1. health issues; access to care
While most nurses care for one patient at a time, community health nurses care for entire populations by helping in educating the community about _____ to improve their health and safety and also to facilitate _____ to _____.
Health Services
access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influence our overall health; barangay health services
Health Promotion
aim to engage and empower individuals and communities to choose healthy behaviors, and make changes that reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and other morbidities.
Personal Behavior and Coping Mechanisms
balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, and drinking, and how we dela with life's stresses all affect health
Tertiary Prevention
cardiac rehabilitation, insulin administration, exercise therapy
Culture
customs, traditions, and all the beliefs of the family and community affect health
Social Support Networks
greater support from families, friends, and communities are linked to better health
Primary Prevention
immunization, educations about breastfeeding, food supplements, and other health educations
Genetics
inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness, and the likelihood of developing certain illness
Primary Prevention
intervening before health effects occur, through actions that avoid the manifestation of disease
Education
low education levels are linked to poor health, stress, and lower self-confidence
Secondary Prevention
mammograms, regular blood pressure testing, HIV testting
Tertiary Prevention
managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop soften the impact of ongoing illness or injury
Gender
men and women suffer from different type of disease at different age
Employment and Working Conditions
people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working condition
Physical Environment
safe water and clean air, healthy work places, safe houses, communities and roads all contributes to good health
Secondary Prevention
screening to identify diseases in the earliest. aim to reduce the impact of disease or injury that has already occurred
Income and Social Status
the greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health