CHN 2: CHAPTER 1-3

Disease Prevention

1. Focuses on specific efforts aimed at reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases and other morbidities 2. To avoid disease, detect disease in early stage, and minimize effects of disease and disability

Researcher

1. Follows a systematic process of monitoring the health status of the community through the conduct of surveys and home visits 2. Conducts researches concerning the health of the community 3. Coordinates with government and non- government organizations in the conduct and implementation of studies

Health Monitor

1. Monitors and detects the presence of health concerns in the community through contacts or home visits. 2. Utilizes various effective data gathering techniques in keeping an eye on the health status of all recipients of care. 3. Records and reports health status and presence of health problems in the community

Change Agent

1. Promotes and motivates change in the community in their health practices and lifestyle behaviors for them to promote and maintain good health, be knowledgeable and has the initiative in accessing health services 2. Inculcates self- reliance to brought about development and improvement in the community

Statistician

1. Records data systematically and ensures its validity through accurate and complete data gathering 2. Reports prepared reports to concerned organizations i.e. government organization for immediate necessary plans or programs 3. Consolidates and reviews reports efficiently. 4. Analyzes and interprets consolidated data for monitoring the development in the health matters of the whole community

Provider of Nursing Care

1. Renders direct care to various clients with different needs, may it be at home, in school, clinics or work settings 2. Involves the family in the care of the sick or dependent individual, i.e., sick child

Public Health Nursing

1. __________ may be defined as a field of professional practice in nursing and in public health in which technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical, and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community. (Freeman, 1963) 2. The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences. (NA/APHA, 1996)

ENTREPRENURSE

A project initiated by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), in collaboration with the Board of Nursing of the Philippines, Department of Health, Philippines Nurses Association and other stakeholders to promote nurse entrepreneurship by introducing a home health care industry in the Philippines. o It aims to: 1. Reduce the cost of health care for the countries indigent population by bringing primary health care services to poor rural communities 2. Maximize employment opportunities for the countries unemployed nurses 3. Utilize the countries unemployed human resources for health for the delivery of public health services and the achievement of the country's Millennium Development Goals (MDG) on maternal and child health, (DOLE, 2013)

"The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health".

According to Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986) A healthy community is in fact,

Freeman, 1963

According to _________, Public health nursing may be defined as a field of professional practice in nursing and in public health in which technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical, and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community.

ANA/APHA, 1996

According to _________, The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences.

McEwen and Pullis, 2008

According to __________, Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and groups where they live, work or go to school or as they move through the health care system

Community-based Nursing

Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and groups where they live, work or go to school or as they move through the health care system.

1. Rate 2. Ratio 3. Proportion

BASIC TOOLS OF MEASUREMENT

1. Open channels of communication and cooperation among the members of the community. 2. Equitable and efficient use of community resources, with the view towards sustaining natural resources.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY COMMUNITY

2CEH-LMP-Q2RS 1. Collaboration and Teamwork 2. Communication 3. Ethico-moral responsibility 4. Health education 5. Legal responsibility 6. Management of resources and environment 7. Personal and professional development 8. Quality improvement 9. Records management 10. Research 11. Safe and quality nursing care

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

Records Management

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING accurate and updated documentation of client care while observing legal imperatives and record keeping

Legal Responsibility

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING adherence to the nursing laws as well as to national, local and organizational policies including documentation of care given to clients.

Health Education

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING assessment of client's learning needs; development of health education plan and learning materials and implementation and evaluation of health education plan

Quality Improvement

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING data gathering for quality improvement; participation in nursing rounds; identification and reporting of solutions to identifies problems related to client care.

Collaboration and Teamwork

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING establishment of collaborative relationship with colleagues and other members of health team

Personal and Professional Development

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING identification of own learning needs, pursuit of continuing education; involvement in professional image; positive attitude towards change and criticism

Safe and Quality Nursing Care

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING knowledge of health/illness status of the client, sound decision making; safety, comfort, privacy, administration of meds and health therapeutics and nursing process.

Management of Resources and Environment

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING organization of workload; use of financial resources for client care; mechanism to ensure proper functioning of equipment and maintenance of a safe environment

Research

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING research-based formulation of solutions to problems in client care and dissemination and application of research findings

Ethicomoral Responsibility

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING respect for the rights of the client; responsibility and accountability for own decisions and actions; and adherence to the international and national codes of ethics for nurses

Communication

COMPETENCY STANDARDS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING uses therapeutic communication techniques, identifies verbal and nonverbal cues, responds to client needs, while using formal and informal channels of communication and appropriate information technology

(CHEEP) 1. Culture 2. Health 3. Economy 4. Environment 5. People

COMPONENTS OF A COMMUNITY

1. Health promotion 2. Disease prevention

CONCEPTS OF HEALTH

Circumstance

Communities of people brought together by external events/situations

Place

Communities of people brought together by geographic boundaries

Practice

Communities of people in the same profession or undertake the same activities

Action

Communities of people trying to bring about change.

Interest

Communities of people who share the same interest or passion.

1. Largest professional segment; (PEA-AAE) Prevention, Education, Advocacy, Activism, Assessment, and Evaluation of Public Health.

Community Health Nurse 1. Community health nurses comprise the _____ of the workplace in public health and are involved in the _____ , _____ , _____ , _____ , _____ , and _____ of public health.

1. Prevention of the disease; promote community health and safety

Community Health Nurse hold a vital role in the _____ and help to _____

Community Health Nurse

Comprise the largest professional segment of the workplace in public health and are involved in the prevention, education, advocacy, activism, assessment, and evaluation of public health.

C2E2G-HIPPS 1. Culture 2. Education 3. Employment And Work Conditions 4. Gender 5. Genetics 6. Health Services 7. Income And Social Status 8. Personal Behavior And Coping Skills 9. Physical Environment 10. Social Support Networks

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

1. Home health care 2. Hospice home care 3. EntrepreNurse 4. Faith community nursing or parish nursing

EMERGING FIELDS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Clean water, clean linens, access to adequate sanitation, and quiet surroundings; Crimean war

ERA OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 1. Believed that _______ , _______ , _______, and _______ would improve health outcomes, and she put these beliefs into practice during the _______

1. Distribution 2. Determinants 3. Prevention and Control of Health Problems

Epidemiology It is the study of the _________ and _________ of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the _________ and _________ of health problems

Epi- upon Demos- People Logos- Study

Epidemiology: from the Greek words: ______ "______", ______ "______ ," and ______ "______ "

1. Health Belief Model 2. Pender's Health Promotion Model

Example of Open Systems

Pender's Health Promotion Model

Explores the many bio-psycho- social factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities.

CHEEEF 1. Community safety 2. Housing 3. Education 4. Employment 5. Environment 5. Financial Security

FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH OF THE COMMUNITY

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

First nurse to formulate a conceptual foundation for nursing practice

1. Mortality Indicator 2. Morbidity Indicator

HEALTH INDICATORS

HOSPICE HOME CARE

Homecare rendered to the terminally ill. Palliative care is particularly important

1. Better Health Outcomes 2. Sustained Health Financing 3. Responsive Health System

It aims to achieve the health system goals of _________, _________, and _________ that will provide equitable access to health care

UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE

It aims to achieve the health system goals of better health outcomes, sustained health financing, and responsive health system that will provide equitable access to health care

Epidemiology

It is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary

LEVELS OF PREVENTION

Ratio

MEASUREMENT FRACTIONS measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over specified period of time

Rate

MEASUREMENT FRACTIONS the relative magnitude of two quantities or comparison of two values

To deliver home health care services

Main Purpose of Entreprenurse

To preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations by focusing on health promotion and health maintenance of individuals, families, and groups within the community

Major goal of CHN

2C-DI-LUMP 1. Child Mortality Rate 2. Crude Death Rate 3. Disease Specific Mortality 4. Infant Mortality Rate 5. Life Expectancy 6. Maternal Mortality Ratio 7. Proportional Mortality Rate 8. Under Five Mortality Rate

Mortality Indicators include

BIDS-J 1. Dorothy Johnson 2. Sister Callista Roy 3. Imogene King 4. Betty Neuman 5. Jean Watson

Nursing theorists in the 1980s that have included community perspectives in their definition of health.

BEIOFS 1. Boundaries 2. Environment 3. Input 4. Output Processing 5. Feedback and Subsystems

OPEN SYSTEMS The basic structures of a family that is found in all open systems like _______, _______, _______, _______, _______and _______.

1. Altering Susceptibility 2.Reducing Exposure

Primary Prevention Relates to activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering _________ or reducing _________ for susceptible individuals

Health Belief Model

Provides the basis for much of the practice of health education and health promotion

1. Professional Practice; Nursing; Public Health 2. Technical Nursing, Interpersonal, Analytical and organizational Skills 3. Nursing, social, and public health sciences

Public Health Nursing 1. Public health nursing may be defined as a field of _________ in _________ and in _________ . 2. _________ , _________ , _________ , and _________ skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community. (Freeman, 1963) 3. The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from _________ , _________ , and_________ . (NA/APHA, 1996)

3C2H2P-RS 1. Change Agent 2. Community Organizer 3. Coordinator of services 4. Health Educator/ Trainer/ Counselor 6. Health monitor 7. Programmer/ Planner 8. Provider of Nursing Care 9. Researcher 10. Statistician

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE

Health Educator/Trainer/ Counsellor

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1. Acts as resource speaker on health and health-related services 2. Advocates health programs in the community through dissemination of IEC or Information Education and Communication materials 3. Conducts advocacy educations concerning premarital, breastfeeding, and immunization counsellings 4. Organizes orientation/ training of concerned groups like pregnant mothers 5. Identifies and interprets training needs of health team members and formulate appropriate training program for them 6. Conducts and facilitates necessary training or educational orientation to other health team members in the community

Coordinator of services

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1. Coordinates health services with concerned individuals and families through the community health team members, government organizations and non- government organizations 2. Coordinates nursing plans and programs with other health programs

Programmer/Planner

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1. Identifies the needs and concerns of individuals, groups, families, and the community 2. Formulates health plans, especially in the absence of a community physician 3. Interprets and implements nursing plans and programs 4. Assists other health team members in implementing health programs in the setting

Community Organizer

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1. Promotes self- reliance of community and emphasizes their involvement and participation in planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating of health services 2. Initiates and implements community development activities

1980 ONWARDS

Several nursing theorists, Dorothy Johnson, Sister Callist Roy, Imogene King, Betty Neuman, and Jean Watson among them, have included community perspectives in their definition of health.

1. Interest 2. Action 3. Place 4. Practice 5. Circumstance

TYPES OF COMMUNITY

OPEN SYSTEMS

The basic structures of a family that is found in all open systems like boundaries, environment, inputs, outputs processing, feedback and subsystems.

health promotion

The main focus of community health nurse is

Whole community and family

The recipient of care of community public health nursing practice is extended not only the individual but also to benefit the ______ and ______.

Neuman Systems Model

Theory by Betty Neuman

The Behavior System Model of Nursing

Theory by Dorothy E. Johnson

Theory of Goal Attainment

Theory by Imogene King

Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring

Theory by Jean Watson

Roy Adaptation Model

Theory by Sister Callista Roy

HOME HEALTH CARE

This practice involves providing nursing care nursing care to individuals and families in their own places of residence mainly to minimize the effects of illness and disability.

1. Health System Goals 2. Economically disadvantage Filipinos; PhilHealth (Philippine Health Insurance Corporation); Affordable and quality health services.

UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE 1. It aims to achieve the _______ goals. 2. It is deliberately focused _______ on to ensure that they are given risk protection through enrollment in _______ and that they are able to access _______ and _______

Proportion

Used for expression of disease magnitude

GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY

Viewed as an "open system,"

1. A group of people who share something in common. 2. A group of people living in the same place. 3. A group of people that care about each other. 4. A group of people that feel that they belong together. 5. A group of people that care about the same goal.

WHAT IS A COMMUNITY?

1. health issues; access to care

While most nurses care for one patient at a time, community health nurses care for entire populations by helping in educating the community about _____ to improve their health and safety and also to facilitate _____ to _____.

Health Services

access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influence our overall health; barangay health services

Health Promotion

aim to engage and empower individuals and communities to choose healthy behaviors, and make changes that reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and other morbidities.

Personal Behavior and Coping Mechanisms

balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, and drinking, and how we dela with life's stresses all affect health

Tertiary Prevention

cardiac rehabilitation, insulin administration, exercise therapy

Culture

customs, traditions, and all the beliefs of the family and community affect health

Social Support Networks

greater support from families, friends, and communities are linked to better health

Primary Prevention

immunization, educations about breastfeeding, food supplements, and other health educations

Genetics

inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness, and the likelihood of developing certain illness

Primary Prevention

intervening before health effects occur, through actions that avoid the manifestation of disease

Education

low education levels are linked to poor health, stress, and lower self-confidence

Secondary Prevention

mammograms, regular blood pressure testing, HIV testting

Tertiary Prevention

managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop soften the impact of ongoing illness or injury

Gender

men and women suffer from different type of disease at different age

Employment and Working Conditions

people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working condition

Physical Environment

safe water and clean air, healthy work places, safe houses, communities and roads all contributes to good health

Secondary Prevention

screening to identify diseases in the earliest. aim to reduce the impact of disease or injury that has already occurred

Income and Social Status

the greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health