chp 12 mastering

Asexual spores that form as buds coming off the parent cell are known as ______________________________ and are produced by yeasts such as Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.

blastoconidia

Candida albicans, a species of pathogenic yeast, is often recognized by its ___________________, which are large, thick-walled asexual spores within a hyphal segment.

chlamydoconidia

The term dermatophyte is typically used for fungi that cause which of the following?

cutaneous mycoses

Some protozoans produce a protective capsule called a ____, which allows them to survive when food, moisture, when oxygen is lacking or temperatures are not suitable, or when toxic chemicals are present.

cyst

List the events in the cycle of the ascomycete Talaromyces in the sequence in which they occur, from early to late stages or events. 1. Plasmogamy 2. Conidium germinates to produce hyphae 3. Vegetative mycelium grows 4. Hypha produces conidiophore 5. Karyogamy 6. Ascus opens to release ascospores

d-b-c-a-e-f

Which of the following is the layer of fungal hyphae that covers the surface (and occasionally the bottom) of the lichen?

Cortex

Which of the following organisms requires an additional nonhuman host to complete its life cycle?

Plasmodium species

70S ribosomes

Prokaryotes

Binary fission

Prokaryotes

Cell wall contains peptidoglycan or pseudomurein

Prokaryotes

Singular circular chromosome

Prokaryotes

Many members of this group are motile by means of cilia, flagella, or pseudopods.

Protozoa

Members of this group cause malaria and diarrheal illnesses such as amebiasis and giardiasis.

Protozoa

Humans are the definitive host for __________, which is a type of __________.

Taenia saginata; tapeworm

Which of the following is responsible for giving the ocean its deep red color, called the red tide?

dinoflgellates

Which of the following infections are also caused by C. albicans?

fulminating disease

Yeasts are the only unicellular ____.

fungi

Lichen is the mutualistic relationship between ____ and ____.

green algae and fungus

How do pseudohyphae in yeasts differ from vegetative hyphae in filamentous fungi?

Yeasts use pseudohyphae to invade host tissue, whereas filamentous fungi use their vegetative hyphae for obtaining nutrients.

Select the eukaryotic organisms that are involved in causing or spreading disease. -Archaean -Virus -Helminth -Fungus -Arthropod -Bacterium -Alga -Protozoan

helminth fungus arthropod alga protozoan

If a patient is diagnosed with ringworm, a cutaneous mycosis, which medically important phylum of fungi is implicated?

Ascomycota

Which of the following could Tori's physician choose as a treatment for her yeast infection?

a single oral dose of fluconazole and a topical over-the-counter ointment, such as clotrimazole or miconazole

Dinoflagellates are a type of unicellular __________. One genus of dinoflagellates is responsible for a foodborne disease called __________.

algae; paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

Coccidioides immitis is a pathogenic fungus that forms asexual spores called __________________ that result from fragmentation of hyphae.

arthroconidia

Some fungi reproduce sexually by forming ___________________, which are sexual spores contained within a sac structure.

ascospores

Sexual spores known as ___________ are located on a base pedestal and are found in mushrooms.

basidiospores

Members of this group serve as vectors, transmitting several different viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites between hosts.

Arthropods

Members of this group are found predominantly in aquatic environments.

Algae

Members of this group generally don't cause infections, but some produce neurotoxins that cause intoxications in animals that consume them.

Algae

Humans are not the definitive hosts for which parasitic helminth?

Anisakines

If one is examining the incidence of malaria in a third world country, which phylum of protozoa is involved, and must be eradicated?

Apicomplexa

Which phylum of protozoa contains organisms that are nonmotile obligate intracellular parasites? (Hint: They cause a well-known tropical disease.)

Apicomplexa

Members of this group have hard exoskeletons and jointed appendages.

Arthropods

How do blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia produced by yeast differ from bacterial endospores?

Blastoconidia and chlamydoconidia are spore structures produced by budding in yeasts, whereas bacterial endospores are produced by bacteria under extreme conditions.

If one was in a submarine 225 meters below the surface, which wavelength of light and which algae would most likely be observed?

Blue wavelength, red algae

Has both DNA and RNA

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Plasma membrane encloses the cytoplasm

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Unicellular

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Based on the lab results, which organism is most likely causing Tori's new symptoms?

Candida albicans

Which statement regarding slime molds is false?

Cellular slime molds are typical aggregates of prokaryotic cells.

80S ribosomes

Eukaryotes

Membranous organelles, including mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum

Eukaryotes

Nuclear envelope compartmentalizes the chromosomes

Eukaryotes

Which of the following statements best describes why the treatment for Tori's fungal infection may result in side effects to her own cells?

Fungal cells and human cells have a nucleus, multiple organelles, and 80S ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Members of this group produce a variety of different reproductive spores and filaments referred to as hyphae.

Fungi

This group includes unicellular as well as filamentous forms, a number of which cause infections.

Fungi

Members of this group come in flat or round forms, and although many parasitize animals, there are also free-living forms.

Helminths

Parasitic members of this group often have complex life cycles involving one or more intermediate hosts in which larvae develop.

Helminths

Which statement regarding helminths is true?

Helminths usually possess specialized organ systems, including circulatory, nervous, and reproductive systems.

Which statement regarding the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax (the apicomplexan that causes malaria) is false?

Human beings are the definitive hosts.

Trichomonas vaginalis can be distinguished from other parasitic protozoa by which of the characteristics listed below?

It has an undulating membrane, infects the vagina, and is frequently transmitted by sexual contact.

Trichomonas vaginalis can be distinguished from other parasitic protozoa by which characteristic listed below?

It is responsible for urethritis and vaginitis in humans.

Regarding the life cycle of fungi, which of the following is the sexual spore phase that occurs when (+) and (-) nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote nucleus?

Karyogamy phase

Which of the following statements about fungi is true?

Karyogamy refers to a part of the sexual reproduction cycle in which two haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote.

If neurotoxins produced by dinoflagellates cause a public health crisis, which of the following is the most likely problem confronting the local public health system?

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

Which of the following best explains why Tori developed a new series of symptoms?

The antibiotics that treated Tori's primary respiratory infection also removed some of her normal bacterial flora, resulting in an overgrowth of other organisms.

Tularemia is a disease that is transmitted by which of the following?

True flies of the class Insecta

Which of the following statements about protozoa is true?

When conditions become harsh, some protozoa can form a protective capsule, which is called a cyst.

If a patient has become ill from an infestation by the parasitic helminth Echinococcus granulosus, the intermediate host would be identified as ______, and the infected tissue to be examined in the patient would be ______.

humans; lungs and liver

Dimorphic fungi are pathogenic fungi that can either grow as a ____ or ____?

mold ... yeast

Dengue fever is transmitted by which of the following?

mosquitoes

The term ____ describes a microorganism that does not normally cause disease when in its original habitat, but can become pathogenic in a host whose immune system is compromised.

opportunistic pathogen

Rhizopus stolonifer, the common black bread mold, forms asexual spores called __________________ , which are contained in a sac at the end of aerial hyphae.

sporangiospores

Which of the following types of mycoses is usually caused by fungus in the soil that are inhaled then spread through the tissues?

systemic mycoses