Chp 14 social psychology

Which of the following best explains why we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent A. Cognitive dissonance theory B. Power of the situation C. Foot in the door phenomenon D. Role theory E. Fundamental attribution error

A. Cognitive dissonance theory

Which of the following is an example of social- cultural influence on aggressive behavior? A. Exposure to violent media B. Frustration C. Testosterone D. Believing you've drunk alcohol E. Genetics

A. Exposure to violent media

The enhancement of a groups tendencies occurs when people within a group discuss an idea that most of them either favor or oppose. What is this tendency called? A. Group polarization B. Deindividuation C. The just-world phenomenon D. Discrimination E. Categorization

A. Group polarization

Which of the following is an aspect of physical attractiveness that appears to be true across cultures? A. Indications of reproductive health B. Height C. Weight D. Size of the ears E. Shape of the chin

A. Indications of reproductive health

Which of the following statements about the foot-in- the- door phenomenon is false? A. People who agree to a small action are less likely to agree to a larger one later B. The Chinese army took advantage of this phenomenon in the thought control program they used on prisoners during the Korean War C. To get people to agree to something big, start small and build D. Succumb to a temptation and you will find the next temptation harder to resist E. This phenomenon has been used to boost charitable contributions, blood donations, and product sales

A. People who agree to a small action are less likely to agree to a larger one later

Which of the following is the primary distinction between prejudice and discrimination? A. Prejudice is cognitive and discrimination is behavioral B. Prejudice is based on anger and discrimination is based on fear C. Prejudice is a legal term and discrimination is a psychological term D. Discrimination typically develops in infancy and prejudice typically develops in adolescence E. Discrimination is primarily caused by nature and prejudice is primarily caused by nurture

A. Prejudice is cognitive and discrimination is behavioral

What we called improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others? A. Social facilitation B. Group behavior C. Social loafing D. Deindividuation E. Group polarization

A. Social facilitation

Believing that your school is better than all the other schools in town is an example of what psychological concept A. Ingroup bias B. Conformity C. Scapegoat theory D. Discrimination E. Groupthink

A. ingroup bias

What do we call a situation in which the conflicting parties, by rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior? A. Social trap B. Conflict C. Bystander intervention D. Diffusion of responsibility E. Social-responsibility norm

A. social trap

People frequently credit or blame either internal dispositions or external situations for others' behavior what is the tendency called A. The foot-in-the-door phenomenon B. The fundamental attribution error C. Attribution D. Social psychology E. Social thinking

B. Fundamental attribution error

Which of the following terms describes her geographic nearness to another person? A. Mere exposure effect B. Proximity C. Similarity D. Ingroup boas E. Symmetry

B. Proximity

Which of the following is an example of conformity? A. Malik has had a series of dogs over the years.Each has learned to curl up his feet when he was watching television B. Renee begins to buy the same brand of sweatshirt that most of the kids in our school are wearing C. Jonah make sure to arrive Home before his curfew because he knows he will be grounded if he doesn't. D. Yuri makes sure to arrive home before her curfew because she does not want her parents to be disappointed in her E. Terri cranks it up a notch during volleyball practice because the team captain has been on her case for not showing enough effort

B. Renee begins to buy the same brand of sweatshirt that most of the kids in her school are wearing.

Becoming less self-conscious and less restrained when in a group situation is referred to as A. Social loafing B. Deindividuation C. Social facilitation D. Obedience E. Cognitive dissonance

B. deindividuation

Which of the following is most likely to occur when the desire for harmony in the decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives? A. Group polarization B. Groupthink C. Social loafing D. Norming E. Prejudice

B. groupthink

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt the destroy is called A. The mere exposure effect B. Hindsight bias C. Aggression D. The just- world phenomenon E. The other-race effect

C. Aggression

Which of the following is the best term or phrase for the unfair selfish concern for the welfare of others? A. Assuming responsibility B. Bystander intervention C. Altruism D. Bystander effect E. Diffusion of responsibility

C. Altruism

A friend fails to meet an achievement goal. As a result, he gets angry and behaves aggressively. Which of the following terms best identifies the chain of events? A. Aggression B. Fundamental attribution error C. Fundamental-aggression principle D. Social scripts E. Biopsychosocial hypotheses

C. Fundamental- aggression principle

Which of the following accurately describes the just- world phenomenon A. It's the reduction in prejudice that has resulted from improvements in our laws and judicial system B. It's the reduction in discrimination that has resulted from improvements in our laws and judicial system C. It's the believe that most people get what they deserve and deserve what they get D. It's the tendency of people to deny that prejudice is still a problem E. It's our mind's desire to categorize daily events as either "fair" or "unfair"

C. It's the belief that most people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Which social psychology principal influences people to perform a task better in the presence of others? A. Compliance B. Group polarization C. Social facilitation D. Conformity E. Social loafing

C. Social facilitation

Researchers have found that people tend to become more hostile in situations when they are exposed to aversive stimuli, such as heat or personal insults. What is the term for this tendency? A. The proximity effect B. GRIT C. The frustration- aggression principle D. Social scripting E. Deindividuation

C. frustration-aggression principle

Which of the following least describes prejudice? A. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group B. Schemas that influence how we notice and interpret events C. Preconceived ideas the buyers are impressions of others' behavior D. A physical behavior intended to hurt or destroy E. Automatic and unconscious thoughts and behaviors

D. A physical behavior intended to hurt or destroy

According to research on the bystander effect, which of the following people is most likely to stop and help a stranger A. Jacob is on his way to a doctor's appointment with his young son B. Xavier lives in a crowded city C. Malika is in a terrible mood, having just learned that she failed her midterm exam D. Ciera just saw a young girl offering her arm to help an older woman cross the street E. Mahmood is lost in thought as he walks to work, thinking about his upcoming presentation

D. Ciera just saw a young girl offering her arm to help an older woman cross the street.

What do we call the tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of a personal disposition? A. Peripheral route persuasion B. Social psychology C. Attribution theory D. Fundamental attribution error E. Central route persuasion

D. Fundamental attribution error

Over time, which of the following is typically true of the relationship between passionate love and companionate love? A. Passionate and companionate love both decrease B. Passionate love increases and companionate love decreases C. Passionate and companionate love both increase D. Passionate love decreases and companionate love increases E. There is no consistent relationship between the levels of passionate love and companionate love

D. Passionate love decreases and companionate love increases

Groundbreaking research on obedience was conducted by A. Albert Bandura B. Solomon Asch C. Philip Zimbardo D. Stanley Milgram E. John Bargh

D. Stanley Milgram

Obedience to authority when the authority figure is asking someone to shock another person is highest when A. The person receiving orders has witnessed others defy the authority figure B. The person receiving orders wonders whether the person giving orders has legitimate authority C. The victim receiving the shocks is physically near the person receiving orders D. The authority figure is from a prestigious institution E. The person receiving the orders is female

D. The authority figure is from a prestigious institution

Which of the following is the most complete definition of conformity? A. Sharing a mood with others B. Unconsciously mimicking the behaviors and reactions of others C. Changing thoughts about a situation in order to please get authority figure D. Adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard E. Bringing our attitudes in line with our actions

D. adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard

What do we call the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next? A. Deindividuation B. Norms C. Social facilitation D. Culture E. Social control

D. culture

Which of the following terms or phrases best describes the behavior of rowdy fans yelling obscenities at the football or soccer referee after a controversial penalty has been called? A. Culture B. Social facilitation C. Groupthink D. Deindividuation E. Group polarization

D. deindividuation

Which of the following maintains that our social behavior is an exchange process that minimizes costs? A. Social-responsibility norm B. Bystander apathy C. Reciprocity theory D. Social exchange theory E. Biopyschosocial hypothesis

D. social exchange theory

What do we call culturally modeled guides for how to act in various situations? A. Aggressive behavior B. Cultures of honor C. Reinforcement modeling D. Social scripts E. Social-cultural influences

D. social scripts

Which of the following best describes a feeling, often influenced by belief, that predisposes want to respond in a particular way to people and events? A. Central route persuasion B. Anger C. Emotion D. Foot-in-the-door phenomenon E. attitude

E. Attitude

What tension occurs when we become aware that our attitudes and actions don't coincide? A. Role playing B. The fundamental attribution error C. Social pressure D. Social influence E. Cognitive dissonance

E. Cognitive dissonance

Which of the following is an example of in group bias? A. Hinata talked only to her five best friends when she was in ninth grade B. Sabrina has been a New York Yankee fan since she was in fourth grade C. Kimia believes she is the best student in her AP psychology class, but her grades are not as good as several other students D. Francisco believes he is the best student in his AP psychology class, and in fact he has the highest test average E. Derek believes his t- ball team is the best in the world

E. Derek believes his t- ball team is the best int the world

Which of the following is an example of the mere exposure effect A. Adrianna has started arriving tardy to her second period class to avoid a group of kids in the hall who constantly tease her B. Abe has biked the same route to school so many times that he no longer has to think about where to turn C. Daiyu has seen the same toothpaste ad on television 100 times. Each time she sees it she hates it more. D. Abdul has always love to dogs, so he adopted one from the local shelter E. Guiren didn't like sushi the first couple times he tried it, but his friend encouraged him to keep eating it and now it's one of his favorite foods.

E. Guiren didn't like sushi the first couple times he tried it, but his friend encouraged him to keep eating it and now it's one of his favorite foods.

Galileo's notion that the earth revolves around the sun was in opposition to the widespread beliefs of his day. What social psychological principle is this an example of A. Social thinking B. Group polarization C. Conformity D. Stereotype E.minority influence

E. Minority influence

Which of the following is true of prejudice in recent years? A. Both overt and subtle prejudice have shown steady and equal increases B. Subtle prejudice has been decreasing more than overt prejudice C. Both overt and subtle prejudice have been increasing D. Both overt and subtle prejudice have been increasing but subtle prejudice is increasing at a faster rate E. Overt prejudice has been decreasing more than subtle prejudice

E. Overt prejudice has been decreasing more than subtle prejudice.

What do we call a belief that leads to its own fulfillment? A. Superordinate goal B. Mirror-image perception C. Enemy perception D. Social trap E. Self-fulfilling prophecy

E. Self-fulfilling prophecy

Sophia was not sure she would like the new driver of her school bus, but during the year she realized she was looking forward to greeting him in the morning and hearing one of his corny jokes. Which concept best explains her change in perception? A. Similarity B. Ingroup bias C. Companionate attraction D. Social trap E. Mere exposure effect

E. mere exposure effect

If Juan believes Ngoc is annoyed with him, he may snub her, causing her to act in ways that justify his perception. What concept is this an example of? A. Superordinate goals B. Tension-reduction C. Social trap D. A mirror- image perception E. Self- fulfilling prophecy

E. self-fulfilling prophecy

Classic studies of obedience indicate that about _______ of the participants were willing to administer what they believed to be 450-volt shocks to other humans. A. One- tenth B. One- half C. One- third D. One- fourth E. Two- thirds

E. two-thirds

A member of one racial group viciously beats someone from a different racial group. The incident is widely publicized in the local media. Which of the following terms best describes this incident? A. Scapegoat theory B. Vivid case C. Just- world phenomenon D. Other- race effect E. In group bias

Scapegoat theory