Chp. 14 Study Questions pt. 1
The world system of interconnected ocean bottom ridges comes to a total of about ________ kilometers.
60,000
On the Richter scale, "very large" earthquakes are assigned a number of ________ or above.
7
The Alaskan earthquake of 1964 was extraordinarily violent and has been assigned a moment magnitude of ________.
9.2
A simple symmetrical upfold is called a(n) ________.
Anticline.
The most massive form of igneous intrusion is a _______.
Batholith
The ________ is an igneous intrusion which has a surface area of at least 100 square kilometers.
Batholith.
Crater Lake, Oregon, is an example of a volcanic ___________.
Caldera.
Which of the following is NOT an intrusive volcanic landform?
Caldera.
The nature of a volcanic eruption is determined largely by the ________ of the magma.
Chemistry
Flood basalts cover much of the ocean floor, India, and in North America, the ________.
Columbia Plateau.
Since the 1960s, the cause of plate tectonics has been identified to be ________.
Convection.
Deformation of the Earth's crust is called ________.
Diastrophism
A sag pond is caused by collection of water from springs or runoff after movement along ________.
Fault lines.
The east face of the Sierra Nevadas presents an excellent example of a(n) ________.
Fault scarp.
Evidence of former surface volcanic activity is often found in the vast accumulations of lava called ________.
Flood basalts.
The Indian subcontinent was originally attached to ________.
Gondwanaland.
A crustal block which is downthrown with a steep fault scarp on either side is a ________.
Graben.
An uplift of a block of land between two parallel faults is a ________.
Horst.
Grabens are commonly found in association with ________.
Horsts.
In terms of plate tectonics, India is a part of the ________ plate.
Indo-Australian
Mount St. Helens exploded in 1980. Which of the following is NOT true?
It is quite unlike the other volcanoes near it.
The island of Krakatau disappeared in a volcanic explosion. Krakatau was located in the ________.
Java Sea.
The Sierra Nevada and Sawtooth mountain ranges were caused by a huge intrusion type known as a ________.
Laccolith
A ________ is another name for a volcanic mudflow.
Lahar.
Crater Lake, Oregon, is a remnant of a larger volcano named ________.
Mt. Mazama.
Structurally, the most complicated of the list below is the ________.
Overthrust fault
The Glacier Park, Montana, area provides a classic example of large scale ________.
Overthrust faulting.
Which of the following was the single "supercontinent" which existed before individual continents broke apart from it starting 200 million years ago?
Pangea
The original large continental mass containing all of the present continents prior to separation millions of years ago has been named ________.
Pangea.
Volcanic activity that takes place deep under the crust is termed ___________.
Plutonic
The totality of materials ejected from a volcano, including liquid material, ashes, and dust is termed ________.
Pyroclatistic material.
The Appalachian Mountains are famous for their ________ structure.
Ridge and valley.
Water collected in small bodies along a recently active fault line forms ________.
Sag ponds.
Which of the following are fault-block mountains?
Sierra Nevada
In folded terrain, a simple symmetrical downfold is termed a(n) ________.
Syncline.
What is the term for a piece of crust which has been in a collision along a convergent crustal boundary and become accreted to another crustal plate?
Terrane
Which of the following is most closely associated with a mantle plume?
The Hawaiian islands
Relatively cooler magma in an erupting volcano is apparently the result of ________.
The relatively high amount of silica present.
A ________ detects swelling and possible eruption in a volcano.
Tiltmeter
A ________ plate boundary is associated with lateral slippage, conservation of existing crust, and the San Andreas fault system.
Transform
What are waves generated by earthquakes?
Tsunamis
The Pacific "ring of fire" refers to the ________.
Volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean.
The state having the greatest extent of flood basalts is ________.
Washington
The first comprehensive theory of continental drift was propounded by ________.
Wegener
A tsunami is
another term for a seismic sea wave.
Presently, the North American and Eurasian plates are moving ________.
away from each other.
The plate boundaries which are ________ are likely to make island arcs.
convergent between oceanic plates.
The Himalayas were formed by crumpling of plate edges in a ________ zone.
convergent.
The most widespread of all the intrusive forms in this list is the ________.
dike
Radial walls extending outward from a volcano are ________.
dikes
Which of the following refers to the surface of the Earth directly above the center of an earthquake?
epicenter.
Wegener's early proposal of continental drift was not taken seriously because of his ________.
failure to provide a plausible cause.
Which is formed on top of Earth's crust?
flood basalt.
Earthquake forecasting
is being studied.
Currently, the rate of sea-floor spreading in the Atlantic is thought to be
less than 1 centimeter per year.
Mount St. Helens is ________.
likely to vigorously erupt again.
Over the past 100 million years of Earth history, it is known that the magnetic poles have reversed themselves ________ times.
many
Consider the location of New York City. In terms of crustal plates, New York City is
not on a plate boundary.
A(n)________ is the same thing as a pyroclastic flow.
nuee ardente.
The vast majority of North America is moving
to the west.
Where UNDER the surface of the Earth would one expect a convection current directed towards the surface?
under midocean rigdes
The smallest igneous intrusion is the ________.
vein
Shield volcanoes are ________ than composite volcanoes.
wider
