CHP. 24: 24.3 - Functional Anatomy of the Kidney

Identify the three types of capillaries within the kidneys and describe which portions of the nephron each is associated with.

1. Glomerulus -between afferent & efferent arterioles -associated with renal corpuscle 2. Peritubular Capillaries - associated with convoluted tubules 3. Vasa Recta - associated with the nephron loop

Name and compare the two types of nephrons and the functional differences between them.

Cortical Nephrons: majority of the nephron is in the cortex, 85% of nephrons in kidney, and perform the majority of blood filtration Juxtamedullary Nephrons: corpuscle is adjacent to medulla, long nephron loop dive deep into medulla, establish ion gradient in the medulla

Define filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion, and describe where in the nephron these processes occur.

Filtration: the movement of fluid from the blood into the nephron to produce filtrate Reabsorption: movement of substances from filtrate back into the blood Secretion: movement of substances from blood back into filtrate in tubules Excretion: removal of substances from the body in urine

Describe each part of the Nephron's role

Glomerulus: filtration, fluid leaving blood entering capsular space PCT: majority of reabsorption DCT: regulation, hormone-directed reabsorption & secretion occurring based on physiological need Nephron Loop: countercurrent multiplier and countercurrent exchange, some ion/H2O reabsorption occurring

Describe the function of each type of capillary as the site of either the filtration of blood or the exchange of gases and nutrients.

Glomerulus: the movement of substances from the blood within the glomerulus into the capsular space Peritubular Capillaries: the movement of substances from the tubular fluid back into the blood Tubular Secretion: the movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid

Describe where nephrons are located within the kidney.

On the border between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Identify and describe the location and structure of the three components of a renal tubule.

Proximal convoluted tubule: before the nephron loop, comes straight off of renal corpuscle Distal convoluted tubule: comes after the nephron loop, leads into collecting duct Nephron loop: loop (u-shape) that connects the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Explain the relationship between nephrons, collecting tubules, and collecting ducts.

The nephron contains the renal corpuscle, renal tubules, and nephron loop. This series of tubules leads into a collecting tubule, which will drain into the collecting duct.

Identify and describe a renal corpuscle and its components.

The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus and Bowmans capsule (ball of yarn looking part).

Describe the function of the nephron.

functional unit of the kidney that filters blood