Chp. 5, 6, 7, & 9 Quiz Questions

Signe got her ears pierced. The earring was placed in her ________.

pinna (external part of the ear)

Damage to prefrontal cortex is most likely to result in ___________.

poorly planned movements

The part of the cortex that is most active during preparations for a movement & less active during the movement itself is the ______.

premotor cortex

The role of the Golgi tendon organs is to ____________.

prevent extreme muscle contractions

For most obese individuals, giving them leptin would __________.

produce little effect

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to __________.

rapid mechanical pressure

Simple cells are found exclusively in the in the primary visual cortex. T/F?

true

Which behavior is most likely to result from the activity of central pattern generations?

A bird flying from tree to tree.

Which of the following is not one of the hypotheses scientists accept as a reason why humans maintain a body temperature around 37°C?

A lower temperature would cause the immune system to go out control.

Most of the output from the globus pallidus to the thalamus releases _______.

GABA

Which of the following is true for nerve deafness?

It can result from damage to the cochlea.

Professory Woodby is lecturing about the fovea. Which is she most likely to say?

It has the greatest perception of detail.

Professor Hancock is giving a lecture about peripheral vision. Which is he most likely to say?

It is easier to recognize single objects in the periphery that are not surrounded by other objects.

Which widely branching cells are responsible for all of the output from the cerebellar cortex to the nuclei of the cerebellum?

Purkinje cells

There are many chemicals & brain areas that contribute to feeding & satiety. Why might this be?

So that if one part of the system gets disrupted, compensation can occur to not disrupt eating behavior.

What is the relationship between the motor neuron axons & muscle fibers?

The fewer muscle fibers a single axon innervates, the more precise the movements.

Three small bones (ossicles) connect the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the oval window. What is the function of these bones?

They convert airwaves into waves of greater pressure.

Professor Wen is lecturing his class about Huntingdon's Disease. He tells the class that it is a genetic disorder caused by _________.

a dominant gene on chromosome 4

A set point refers to ___________.

a very narrow range that the body works to maintain at a stable level

Various types of ____________ cells refine the input to ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movement, or other visual features.

amacrine

Electrical stimulation of a rat's lateral hypothalamus would most likely result in ___________.

an increase in food seeking behaviors

Many kinds of information impinge onto two kinds of cells in one nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is regarded as the "master area" for control of appetite. That area is the _________.

arcuate nucleus

Poikilothermic organisms have body temperatures that _____________.

are the same as the temperatures of their environments

Pamala has a high fever of 107°F. Her doctor is concerned because ___________.

at this temperature, she is starting to damage her own body cells

Most of the axons of the medial tract go to which side of the body?

bilateral

Parvocellular neurons most likely receive input from ________________.

bipolar cells that receive input from cones

Large-diameter pain axons _________.

carry sharp pain information

Which basal ganglia structure(s) is/are important for receiving input from sensory areas of the thalamus & the cerebral cortex?

caudate nucleus & putamen

Speaking, piano playing, athletic skills, & other rapid movements would be most impaired by damage to which structure?

cerebellum

Professor Gramling is giving a lecture about the auditory system. He tells the class that the basilar membrane is part of the _______ in the __________.

cochlea; inner ear

Meg is studying for a quiz on the rods & cones. She writes in her notes that ______ are more ______.

cones; sensitive to detail

According to retinex theory, we perceive color only by ____________.

contrasting the activity in one area of the visual field with that of the others

Reduced response to one taste after exposure to another is referred to as _______.​

cross-adaptation

Rufifini's endings are __________.

elaborate neuron endings for touch

Studies with placebos & studies using hypnotism suggest that much of the reduction in pain is the result of decreased activation in the ________.​

emotion areas of the brain

The Decarlos just had a new baby. Their baby is more likely to pay attention to ___________ than anything else at this time.

faces

Itching appears to be a type of pain message. T/F?

false

Vella has amusia &, therefore, cannot hear. T/F?

false

When Anette cut her hand, her Meissner's corpuscles sent information to her brain about her pain level. T/F?

false

Yolanda has to wear glasses because her cornea doesn't adjust properly to focus the light onto the retina. T/F?

false

After eating, Shawanda's small intestine absorbs excess water & minerals. T/F?

false -it's the large intestine!

People with damage to the parietal cortex appear to lack ________ related to voluntary movements.

feelings of intention

Professor Wang is lecturing on digestion & eating behaviors. He tells the class that the pancreas makes _______ & _________ that regulate the flow of glucose into the cells.

glucagon; insulin

A mild degree of pain releases the NT _____________. A more intense pain also releases __________.

glutamate; substance P

Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea cause ___________.

hair cells to displace

The retinas of predatory birds such as hawks __________.

have a greater density of receptors than do humans on the top half of the retina

How many kinds of olfactory receptors do we have?

hundreds

When are the cells in the premotor cortex (in contrast to the primary motor cortex) most active?

in preparation for movements

Dinah's body has produced aldosterone so that she _____________.

is able to conserve sodium

Early symptoms of Huntingdon's disease usually include ___________.

jerky arm movements & body tremors

Lucina is painting with a small brush in each hand. To do this movement, she needs activation via the __________ tract.

lateral

Suppose someone has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of horizontal cells in the retina. Which visual phenomenon is most likely to be impaired?

lateral inhibition (what is being impaired in this case)

Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the _______.

left eye

The most common form of color vision deficiency is due to _____________.

long & medium wavelength cones making the same photopigment

As a human, Lino is really good at detecting motion. This is because of his __________.

magnocellular neurons in the periphery

Homeothermic organisms include _________.

mammals & birds

Once information is sent to the second visual cortex, it __________.

may return to the primary visual cortex

Gary has conductive deafness as a result of ___________ damage.

middle ear

Alysia is lactose intolerant. She has a hard time with _________ although she can have small amounts of __________ because it is easier to digest.

milk; cheese

Morphine & other opiate drugs decrease sensitivity to pain by ________.

mimicking the effects of endorphins at the snyapses

Watching another person shoot a basketball is most likely to activate ______ neurons in the brain of the person who is watching.

mirror

What is the relationship between the lateral tract & the medial tract?

most movements rely on both, which work in a cooperative fashion

The esophagus brings food from the __________.

mouth to the stomach

What is the name given to the synapse where a motor neuron's axon meets a muscle fiber?

neuromuscular junction

Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus leads to eating ________.

normal-sized meals, but eating them more frequently

The ________ of any neuron in the visual system is the area of the visual field that excites or inhibits it.

receptive field

In what order does visual information pass through the retina?

receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

The brain gets part of its information regarding low osmotic pressure from ___________.

receptors around the 3rd ventricle

A person with visual agnosia is unable to ________________.

recognize visual objects

In addition to having difficulty recognizing faces, people with prosopagnosia may have difficulty _______________.

recognizing different kinds of plants & animals

Clement has the most common form of color vision deficiency & has trouble distinguishing _______ from ________.

red; green

Taste perception in the brain depends on ______.​

relative activity of different taste neurons

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the _____________.

relative activity of short, medium, & long wavelengths

Scot has Parkinson's disease. His doctors have given him L-dopa as a treatment because it will ___________.

result in an increase in dopamine

In depth perception, different views are received by each eye, depending on the distance of the object being viewed. What is this called?

retinal disparity

Which theory can best explain why people that are wearing yellow-colored glasses can still identify the color of a green apple?

retinex theory (supports color constancy)

Taste & other mouth sensations contribute to ________.

satiety

Exercising at a high altitude where there is less oxygen is most likely to affect ___________.

slow-twitch fibers

Axons of the later corticospinal tract extend to what area?

spinal cord

Which of the following is not of the ossicles?

staplers

What type of muscle is responsible for the movement of your body through the environment?

striated

Professor Paulk is lecturing about Parkinson Disease. He tells the class that damage from the disease results in a loss of neurons in the _____________ that release ____________.

substantia nigra; dopamine

Cells in the prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, & _______ prepare for a movement, sending messages to the primary motor cortex.

supplementary motor cortex

Garnet has Huntingdon's disease. As a result, she has had disruptions of _____________.

the caudate nucleus, putamen, & globus palidus

Cerebellum is to ________ as basal ganglia are to _________.

timing; voluntary movements

The primary visual cortex sends its information ______________.

to area V2

According to the trichromatic theory, we can perceive only three colors. T/F?

true

Amacrine cells refine the input to ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movement, or other visual features. T/F?

true

In order to move his hand, Eloy would need the medial corticospinal tract to be activated. T/F?

true

Phase differences are useful for detecting localization of low frequency sounds. T/F?

true

Phase differences are useful for detecting the localization of low frequency sounds. T/F?

true

Photopigments are stable in the dark. T/F?

true

Russell has developed conductive deafness after he suffered damage to his middle ear. T/F?

true

Surrounding the primary auditory cortex are additional auditory areas, in which cells respond more to changes in sounds than to any prolonged sound?. T/F?

true

The amplitude of a sound wave is its intensity. T/F?

true

The physiological changes that defend the body temperature depend on areas in & near the hypothalamus. T/F?

true

The structures within the ear amplify the sound waves coming into the ear. T/F?

true

To see something with her best vision, Lore turned to look directly at it. This was so she could use her foveal vision. T/F?

true

As a result of a horrible ear infection, Charley ruptured his _________ (also known as his eardrum).

tympanic membrane

The current view of how we perceive high frequencies is based on _________.

where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly