Chp 5 social pysch

According to the elaboration-likelihood and the heuristic-systematic models of persuasion, the two key factors that will determine whether we engage in effortful or effortless processing of information are one's ________. a) capacity to process information and level of motivation b) desire to arrive at the best decision and personality characteristics c) level of motivation and concern for pleasing others d) general belief in oneself and concern for pleasing others

A

According to the theory of planned behavior, our behavioral intentions are determined in part by our perceptions of whether others will approve or disapprove of the behavior, our perceptions of our ability to perform the behavior, and ________. a) our attitudes toward a particular behavior b) others' perceptions of our motivation for engaging in the particular behavior c) others' perceptions of whether we have the ability to perform the behavior adequately d) our perceptions of whether the behavior is considered appropriate for our situation

A

Irene considers herself to be an environmentalist, and she wants to reduce her carbon footprint. One day, her husband comes home and says that he sold their electric lawn mower and used the money, plus some savings, to by a new, powerful gasoline-powered mower. Irene is shocked, but when she uses the mower, she decides that she really likes it. This makes her feel uneasy, so she reminds herself of all the good environmental work she has done in the past. Irene is engaging in ________. a) self-affirmation b) trivialization c) insufficient justification d) reactance

A

Sherif attends a conference focused on evolutionary psychology. At the conference, he listens to a lecture about how inherent impulses underlie many of our day-to-day behaviors. Which of the following is an example of heuristic processing that Sherif might experience during this lecture? a) Sherif decides to trust the speaker because the speaker is an expert. b) Sherif compares the speaker's arguments to those he has read in other books on the topic. c) Sherif analyzes the speaker's claims by using his own education in biology. d) Sherif considers the speaker's claims in comparison to those of other conference presenters.

A

Students entering college who had social networks with more ________ attitudes toward affirmative action exhibited ________ change over the following 2 months. a) diverse; more b) similar; more c) diverse; no d) similar; no

A

A CEO of a Midwestern company gave a press briefing and espoused some fairly restrictive regulations aimed at reducing carbon emissions and water pollution. His excellent credibility was probably due to the fact that ________. a) many people in the area work for him b) he is CEO of a chemical company c) TV is an excellent means by which to express one's attitude d) he is highly certain of his views

B

According to the theory of planned behavior, what type of process precedes the decision to engage in a particular behavior? a) An irrational process b) A rational process c) An unconscious process d) A subliminal process

B

Marshall wants to pledge Theta Phi fraternity. He may well ________ publicly, believing active member decision makers will hear of his views. He is, in private, ________ to express those same views. a) badmouth other prospective pledges; quite likely b) badmouth other fraternities; unlikely c) compliment other fraternities; quite likely d) compliment other prospective pledges; quite likely

B

Which of the following is usually true of a persuasive communicator? a) A communicator lacking expertise is as persuasive as a communicator with expertise. b) An attractive communicator is more persuasive than an unattractive communicator. c) A communicator with a vested interest is as persuasive as a communicator without one. d) A communicator who arouses fear is more persuasive than a communicator who doesn't.

B

A film studio pairs with a brewery and exclusively includes scenes of people drinking this beer or the beer standing in the background of scenes throughout many of its summer blockbusters. Sales of the brewery's line of beers skyrocket. The increased sales were likely due to ________ conditioning. a) neutral b) classical c) subliminal d) direct

C

Assume you have a negative stereotype of fraternity/sorority members as "stuck-up."Given an IAT with photos labeled "fraternity member" or "independent," and paired with the word "bad" or "good," your responses to the fraternity member/bad combination would likely be ________ than to independent/bad combinations. a) slower b) more forced c) quicker d) more mixed

C

Having not met any members of a new social group, you hear a person expressing negative views of that group. Your attitude toward the new group would not be likely influenced by hearing this negative message if ________. a) you like the person expressing the view but believe his or her view to be unsubstantiated b) you do not expect to be meeting any members of the new social group in the near future c) the person expressing the attitude is someone you dislike and see as dissimilar to yourself d) you see the person expressing the message as subtly similar to members of the new social group

C

Patty is a politician running for public office. At a town hall meeting, she claims that she has always fought for and will continue to fight for the LGBT community. At this, a person who does not support Patty stands up and claims that Patty only began to support marriage equality after the majority of U.S. states had legalized same-sex marriage. This person is trying to generate feelings of ________. a) trivialization b) insufficient justification c) hypocrisy d) ego-depletion

C

Which of the following can contribute to a person showing attitudinal change when confronted with a counter attitudinal message? a) Reactance b) Selective avoidance c) Ego-depletion d) Selective exposure

C

Which of the following can contribute to a person showing attitudinal change when confronted with a counterattitudinal message? a) Reactance b) Selective avoidance c) Ego-depletion d) Selective exposure

C

Erin works at a think tank in Washington, DC. She is a progressive liberal and, as most of her colleagues are around her age and come from similar backgrounds, she makes the assumption that her colleagues are too, even though a large percentage of them do not identify as such. Erin has fallen susceptible to ________. a) social network conditioning b) social comparison c) implicit attitudes d) pluralistic ignorance

D

If, as Arkes and Tetlock have speculated, Jesse Jackson were to "fail" an IAT that asks about his attitudes toward African Americans, it is because ________. a) he endorses negative stereotypes toward African Americans but is nevertheless slower to respond to pairings of "African American" and "good" (than to African American and bad) b) although he does not endorse negative stereotypes of African Americans in the culture, he is nevertheless slower to respond to pairings of "African American" and "bad" (than to African American and good) c) in attempting to fake his score, he may inadvertently show negative attitudes toward African Americans d) although he does not endorse negative stereotypes of African Americans in the culture, he has good knowledge of those stereotypes

D

We hold values similar to, and identify with, ________. a) members of our reference group(s) b) members of our age group c) people who dress similar to ourselves d) people with similar tastes in homes and cars

A

Smaller rewards lead to greater attitudinal change due to the ________ effect. a) selective exposure b) less-leads-to-more c) attitude-to-behavior d) classical conditioning

B

Upon learning that soda sales are in decline, a soda manufacturer, ABC Fizz, decides upon a new advertising tactic. Using demographic data, ABC Fizz discovers that 30-34-year-olds show a strong affiliation with Apple products. In the new advertising campaign, the company repeatedly pairs images of its soda with 30-34-year-olds using Apple products. Before long, they find that sales of their soda increase within this demographic. This is an example of ________ conditioning. a) instrumental b) classical c) positive d) neutral

B

Which form of conditioning causes many children and young teens to hold political, religious, and social views that are very similar to those of their parents? a) Classical conditioning b) Instrumental conditioning c) Modern conditioning d) Ethnic conditioning

B

Which of the following examples BEST illustrates a situation where there is a gap between our attitudes and behavior? a) Greg tells his father that he plans to do his homework, but he fails to do so when the power goes out minutes later. b) Roz tells her new boyfriend that she is extremely excited to see the new James Bond movie, even though she truly dreads seeing that film. c) Hank wants to move to a new apartment but doesn't have enough money for the move. d) Marilyn tells her son that she will purchase him some chocolate chip cookies, but her son is dissatisfied with her choice.

B

One study employing the IAT suggests that the gender gap in wages may be linked to implicit attitudes. Which of the following findings support this idea? a) Reaction times are faster for associations between women and spending. b) Reaction times are faster for associations between women and spending. c) Reaction times are slower for associations between men and wealth. d) Reaction times are faster for associations between men and wealth.

D