circulatory system biol 240
Leukocytes retain organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, and golgi complex. This means that unlike erythrocytes, leukocytes ______.
can synthesize proteins
The heart and blood vessels belong to the ______
cardiovascular system
Regulation, transport and protection are all functions of the ______.
circulatory system
Platelets act in the clotting process as well as ______.
clot dissolution
Blood is a subtype of ______ tissue.
connective
Spectrin and actin _______ proteins found on the inner membrane of the red blood cell.
cytoskeletal
The percentage of erythrocytes in the blood is known as the ______.
hematocrit
Blood cells that afford protection against microorganisms, infections, and other pathogens are called _____.
leukocytes
The formed elements that provide protection against infectious microorganisms and other pathogens are called ______.
leukocytes
The least abundant of the formed elements are the _______.
leukocytes
All plasma proteins except globulin are produced by the _____.
liver
Which is not a component of the circulatory system?
lymph node
Blood, a type of connective tissue, is composed of ______.
matrix (plasma) and formed elements
Red blood cells lack _____ and therefore can not perform mitosis or protein synthesis.
nuclei
One of the most distinctive microscopically visible features of all leukocytes is their ______.
nucleus
"A light yellow fluid in which suspends the formed elements and clotting precursors" describes the ______.
plasma
The matrix of the blood is the _____
plasma
Which component of the blood comprises the greatest percentage of the blood's volume?
plasma
Within the circulation, ______ is a complex cell-free solution of water, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, hormones, and gases.
plasma
Clotting, defense, and transport of minerals and hydrophobic hormones are all functions of ______.
plasma proteins
Which is not a formed element of the blood?
plasmin
The second most abundant formed elements after the erythrocytes are the ______.
platelets
During most of their lifetime, leukocytes are found ______.
residing in the connective tissues
Which is not a function of the circulatory system?
secretion of hormones
When clotting factors and the solids are removed from blood, the resulting fluid is called ______.
serum
While the absence of a nucleus prevents cell division it confers an advantage in that ______.
the small, biconcave shape is ideal for moving through small blood vessels
True or false: All leukocytes have a nucleus.
true
True or false: Red blood cells are biconcave, anucleate and approximately 7.5 microns in diameter.
true
Plasma proteins called gamma globulins are produced by ______.
white blood cells
WBCs and platelets make up about ______ of the total blood volume.
1%
What is the main function of red blood cells?
Transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide
Indicate which represents the smallest proportion of the blood by percent volume.
WBC's and platelets (white blood cells)
Plasma proteins perform many roles including ______. Select all that apply.
blood clotting defense mineral transport
Platelets are not cells but fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes found in the ______.
bone marrow
WBCs are ______.
found in both the blood vessels and in the connective tissues
Which substances are found in blood plasma? Select all that apply.
gases, water, proteins
Plasma proteins that play various roles including solute transport and immunity are called _______.
globulin
The plasma membrane of the red blood cell contains _______ that determine a person's blood type.
glycolipids
Leukocytes ______. Select all that apply.
have conspicuous nuclei protect us against pathogens
In an adult woman, what would be the normal range of values for the hematocrit?
37-48 %
Most adults have ______ liters of blood.
4 to 6
In an adult man, what would be the normal range of values for the hematocrit?
42-52%
What proportion of the blood volume does the plasma represent?
47-63%
What is the hematocrit?
A test that measures the percentage of formed elements in the blood
Which best describes a red blood cell?
Biconcave, anucleate cell approximately 7.5 microns in diameter
Which are functions of platelets? Select all that apply.
Chemotaxis of neutrophils Secretion of procoagulants Vasoconstriction
Which best describes the components of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood, and vessels
Leukocytes in general can live for years, regenerate granule components and divide. What does this suggest about the the cell's components?
Leukocytes have organelles
An adult patient is brought into the emergency room of a local hospital. The EMTs report the patient lost about 300 cc (cubic centimeters or milliliters) of blood. Is this life-threatening?
No, most adults have 4-6 liters of blood so a loss of 300 cc would not be life threatening.
Which of the following lists all of the formed element(s) of the blood?
Platelets, red and white blood cells
The plasma protein that contributes to viscosity and osmolarity of the blood, and is also the most abundant of the plasma proteins, is _____.
albumin
While the cardiovascular system refers to the heart and blood vessels, the circulatory system also includes the _____.
blood
Which component of blood transports both oxygen and carbon dioxide?
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Plasma and serum are identical except that plasma contains ______ and serum does not.
fibronogen