CIS 115 Final
The Store was capable of storing _____ numbers up to _____ decimal places each.
1,000; 40
Match the computer parts on the left with their usage in modern computer architecture on the right. CPU RAM Sound Card Keyboard Motherboard
1. Control Unit + Arithmetic Logic Unit 2. Memory Unit 3. Output Device 4. Input Device 5. Connects other devices together
Match the programming hierarchy below from most human readable (1) to least human readable (6).
1. high level language 2. complier 3. assembly language 4. assembler 5. machine language 6. hardware
Put the steps of Euclid's algorithm in the correct order.
1. start with 2 numbers, A and B 2. If either one is zero, the answer is the other number 3. subtract the smaller number from the larger number 4. repeat steps until an answer is found
According to the table shown in the lecture, unsigned and signed 8-bit binary values are the same when counting up from 0 to what value?
127
Consider the binary integer below: 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 Choose the answer below that shows the correct way to calculate the decimal value of this binary number.
16 + 4 + 1 = 21
Assume we wish to perform the Merge Sort algorithm on the following data to sort it in ascending order. How many "swaps" will be performed once we have performed all the "halving" steps? Enter your answer as a whole number. [8, 4, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 3]
3
Assume we wish to perform the Merge Sort algorithm on the following data. How many levels of data "halvings" will be required to complete the algorithm, including the original data as a base layer? Refer to the demonstration in the video for calculating the complexity of Merge Sort for an example. Enter your answer as a whole number. [8, 4, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 3]
3
Assume that we already have the following elements placed using the Insertion Sort algorithm: [ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10] The next value we wish to place is 7. Starting from the first index (left side) of the destination list, how many comparisons will be made in order to place 7 in the correct position? Enter a whole number as your answer.
4
Assume that we'd like to perform the Quicksort algorithm on the data below to sort it in ascending order. If we choose the last value as our pivot element, how many numbers will be in the group that is less than the pivot after performing the first pass of the algorithm? Enter your answer as a whole number. [4, 6, 8, 2, 3, 1, 9, 7, 5]
4
Assume that we are performing the Bubble Sort algorithm on the data given below. How many swaps are needed to get the data sorted in ascending order if we follow the algorithm as it was presented in the video? Enter a whole number as your answer. [6, 8, 4, 2]
5
The 1880 census took 8 years to tabulate, but after the implementation of Herman Hollerith's machine, the 1890 census took only
5 years
The ENIAC computer was completed in 1946 by the US Army and the University of Pennsylvania. What does ENIAC stand for?
Electronic, Numerical Integrator And Computer
Real world devices can be represented in a computer through the use of a limited set of states and transitions between those states. Such a system is known by what name?
Finite State Machine
Dijktsra once wrote a letter to ACM which advocated for the removal of what programming statement from languages?
GOTO
From Pattern on the Stone, what structure is useful in tracing every possible move/play in a game?
Game Tree
In the video, which of the following questions is given as an example for what the study of Computer Science actually is?
How?
Hollerith's initial company, the Tabulating Machine Company, was renamed to the Computing Tabulating Record Company...but then it eventually became what modern company?
IBM
A circuit printed on a single piece of semiconductor material, such as the ones developed by Jack Kilby, are known by what name?
Integrated Circuit
A rational number stored in binary is split into three parts: the sign bit, the exponent, and which of the following?
Mantissa
The _____________ was one of the first and largest electro-mechanical computer ever built and utilized ___ horsepower to run.
Mark I; 5
In the paper "Cramming More Circuits onto Integrated Components," Gordon Moore predicted that the number of circuits that could be built on a single chip would roughly double every year or two. This prediction became known by what name?
Moore's Law
Based on our analysis, we saw that Merge Sort runs in the order of what class in Big O notation, where n is the size of the input?
O(n lg(n))
Based on our analysis, we saw that, in the average case, Quicksort runs in the order of what class in Big O notation, where n is the size of the input?
O(n lg(n))
Based on our analysis of both Bubble Sort and Insertion Sort, we would say they are in what class of algorithms according to Big O notation, where n is the size of the input?
O(n^2)
Based on our analysis, we saw that, in the worst case, Quicksort runs in the order of what class in Big O notation, where n is the size of the input?
O(n^2)
In the lecture, we discuss a classic computer science problem of visiting each location on a map exactly once, taking the shortest path. This is known by what common name?
The Traveling Salesman Problem
Jack Morton of Bell Labs summarized the problem surrounding early computers and their need for "hundreds, thousands, and sometimes tens of thousands of electron devices." He referred to this problem by what name?
The Tyranny of Numbers
Rear Admiral Grace Hopper was a pioneer in computer science and was known for many things. Which computers was she known to work on?
UNIVAC & Mark I
Modern computer designs include a central processing unit, a memory unit, as well as input and output devices. This computer architecture is known by what name, taken from the mathematician who developed it?
Von Neumann Architecture
During Douglas Engelbart's Mother of All Demos, he demonstrated the ability to create documents full of information that included clickable links to other parts of the document. This is a great precursor to what modern style of software?
Wikis
Assuming we implement our Quicksort algorithm to always choose the last element in a group as the pivot and do not reorder the elements when placing them in a group, which of the following inputs would be a worst-case input when sorting in ascending order (requiring the most steps to sort)?
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
Which of the following inputs for the Insertion Sort algorithm would result in the most comparisons being made if we wish to sort the data in ascending order? Recall that we will consider numbers and make comparisons from the first index (left) to the last index (right) in both the input and destination.
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
The term "algorithm" come from the name of which mathematician?
al-Khwarizmi
George Stibitz created the "Model K" calculator, which was capable of performing addition on what type of numbers?
binary
The idea of a stored program from the Turing Machine made its way into early computers like the ENIAC and the ECVAC. Jon Von Neumann was the first to publish this computer architecture that formulated the basis of modern digital computers. This architecture (stored programs) has led to
code libraries, bootstrap code, modern operating systems
In early video games, a bitmap image could be compressed by assigning simple values for each color in the image, and then using what other piece of data to assign actual colors to those simple values?
color table
According to the slides in the video, Big O notation is used to "express the _______ of an algorithm" by approximating the "number of steps needed based ______ on the of the input."
complexity; size
According to Daniel Hills, ____________ is about performing tasks that seem to be complex (like winning a game of tic-tac-toe) by breaking them down into _____________ operations (like closing a switch.
computation; simple
In the 1970s, computer interfaces were updated with icons, graphical windows, and storage structures based on folders and files. As the story goes, this was inspired by an engineer who was working on the problem and staring at their work space, and came to be known by what name?
desktop monitor
Which of the following modern technologies was demonstrated in its infancy by Douglas Engelbart during The Mother of All Demos?
High Level programming languages are able to be read directly and understood by a computer true or false?
false
Programmers were able to run their program directly on the ENIAC without any help.
false
The Waterfall Model for software development is a very flexible process that allows you to move back and forth to any step.
false
The book The Mythical Man-Month outlines benefits in software engineering like how statistical measurements based on hours spent and lines of code written are accurate calculations of effort....or how crunch time is very productive when trying to hit software deadlines.
false
The development of programming languages is especially important in that it allowed us to develop abstractions, simplifying development of software and allowing us to express significantly more complex ideas in computer code.
false
Alan Turing proposed an imaginary computer in 1936 that was so simple that it couldn't do anything true or false?
false In reality, he showed that his simple machine was able to calculate any value that could be done by any other computer.
The Mill, constructed by Babbage's son in 1910, was the part of the Analytical Engine that allowed it to store information true or false?
false The Mill was only the CPU of the Analytical Engine and was instructed to perform operations by punch cards.
Charles Babbage's Difference Engine was an example of a multi-purpose computer true or false?
false The difference engine was an example of a fixed program or single-purpose computer.
According to the video, heuristics are situated near the ___________ end of the diagram shown below.
fast & cheap
A computer is just a special kind of ____________ machine.
finite-state
Fill in the blanks: According to the slides and video, an algorithm is "a _________ list of specific _____________ for carrying out a procedure or solving a problem."
finite; instructions
Match the famous women to what they are most notable for in computer science. Ada Lovelace Grace Hopper Margaret Hamilton
first computer programmer queen of software apollo flight software
To store a rational number in a computer, we use an encoding system known by what name?
floating point
The Analytical Engine that was designed by Charles Babbage was the first true ____________________ computer.
general purpose
Jack Kilby first realized that entire circuits could be printed on a single piece of semiconductor material. For his experiments, what element did he use?
germanium
What mathematical value is calculated by Euclid's algorithm?
greatest common divisor
The ______________ problem dreamed up by Alan Turing relates to the fact that it is impossible to write an algorithm that can determine if another algorithm/program will eventually stop.
halt
Even Hollerith's first machine was advanced enough to use data to infer other facts, as well as
helping operators to file the card in the right compartment
Which of the following are primary steps taken in software engineering (commonly referred to the software development life cycle)? May have multiple answers.
implementation, requirements gathering, maintenance, testing, deployment, software design
When a signed integer is incremented past its maximum value, it could become its minimum (most negative) value. This is known by what term?
integer overflow
Robert Noyce, along with Gordon Moore and Andy Grove went on to form what company focused on the development of semiconductors and more powerful devices?
intel
To produce a negative number using two's complement, what two steps are performed?
invert the bits and add 1
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Complex Numerical Calculator?
it could divide by zero
In the lecture, we discuss the computer memory hierarchy. What reason is given for why we don't just always use the fastest memory available across the entire computer?
it is very expensive
In both videos, what was given as a major reason why Charles Babbage wanted to develop mechanical computational devices like the Difference Engine?
it would eliminate the risk of human error
The "K" in "Model K" comes from what location, where the calculator was built?
kitchen table
According to the video, in the 1600s, how would an engineer find the value of the cosine of 35 degrees?
look it up in a math table
An assembler takes assembly language and converts it into ________________ language that is read directly by a computer.
machine
Douglas Engelbart developed the first working version of what common computer peripheral device?
mouse
Ada Lovelace once noted that the Analytical Engine could even be used to create
music
In the lecture, we observed what happens when we add 42 and -42 when using one's complement to produce the negative number. What is the value that results from that addition?
negative 0
Douglas Engelbart developed and demonstrated an operating system that demonstrated many facets of modern computer technology. What was the name of that operating system?
oN-Line System (NLS)
What should a computer be able to do?
output results, compute values, accept variable input, store data
The Antikythera Mechanism was able to accurately depict:
path of planets, eclipses, position of the sun, position of the moon
Programming the ENIAC was a laborious process which required technicians to _______________ to load the program into the computer.
physically rewire the hardware
Charles Babbage's Difference Engine #2 was capable of printing simultaneously on paper and
plaster
Hollerith used a similar system to organize/collect data as railroad conductors. What was this system?
punch cards
Which of these is not an example of an everyday heuristic, according to the lecture slides?
recursion
In its simplest form, compression involves finding ________ pieces of data and replacing them with simpler versions, as well as a method that can be used to reconstruct the original data from those simpler versions.
repeated
Robert Noyce improved on Jack Kilby's original design by printing circuits on which element, now used in modern circuits?
silicon
Margaret Hamilton is credited to coining the term
software engineering
In the lecture, we are shown a previous version of modern computer architecture where each part is connected using a shared data channel. This shared data channel is given what name?
system bus
Which bit is used to represent the sign of the number in a signed integer number?
the first (leftmost) bit
The process of breaking down the divided differences into 4 steps is an example of decomposition. In Computer Science, decomposition is :
the process of breaking up a complex test into multiple less complex steps.
A universal Computer can simulate ANY other real-world computer given infinite __________ and infinite _________.
time; memory
Digital computers are unable to create truly random numbers true or false?
true
In the divided difference method, the practice of solving each row progressively in order is an example of iteration true or false?
true
Some of the more advanced machines that Hollerith's company had made were used heavily by the U.S. Social Security Administration. Some of the machine's were even used to keep track of things like sales and billing well into the 1950s and 60s true or false?
true
Top Secret Rosies highlights that female mathematicians helped usher in the computing age during World War II true or false?
true
True or False: A rational number in binary can be used to represent the value positive infinity?
true
What type of images are stored as mathematical equations that make up the shape of the objects in the image, allowing it to be infinitely expanded in size? (For example, the K-State Powercat would be stored using this image type.)
vector images
Expressing algorithms using Big O notation considers the __________ input for an algorithm.
worst-case
Logo is an extensible programming language. What does that enable you to do with Logo?
you can use it to define new words in Logo
Ada Lovelace was tutored and inspired by many, including Augustus De Morgan, but none more so than
Charles Babbage
Who is known as the Father of the Modern Computer?
Charles Babbage
Choose the event below that happened first. Douglas Engelbart's Mother of All Demos The Apollo 11 Moon Landing
Douglas Engelbart's Mother of All Demos
To store text in a computer, we assign each character a value based on what encoding system?
ASCII
The Intel 4004 chip was the first example of what modern piece of computer hardware?
Central Processing Unit
A fixed program computer is a computer that is built to perform a specific task. Which of the following was NOT given as an example of an early fixed program computer?
Babbage's Analytical Engine
