Civics-Chapter 4: Federalism

Republican Form Of Government Protection Against Invasion and Internal Disorder Respect for Territorial Integrity

What are the Nation's Obligations to the States?

Division of powers

The Constitution provides for a___, assigning certain powers to the National Government and certain powers to the States.

Federalism

What is a system of government in which a written constitution divides the powers of government on a territorial basis between a central, or national, government and several regional governments, usually called states or provinces?

Revenue Sharing

__, used between 1972 and 1987, gave an annual share of federal tax revenue to the States and their local governments.

Delegated powers of the national government

-coin money -regulate interstate and foreign trade -raise and maintain armed forces -declare war -government U.S. territories and admit new states -conduct foreign relations

Concurrent powers

-levy and collect taxes -borrow money -establish courts -defines crimes and set punishments -claim private property for public use

Reserved powers of the states

-regulate trade and business within the state -establish public schools -pass license requirements for professionals -regulate alcoholic beverages -conduct elections -establish local governments

Categorical grants Block grants Project grants

Congress appropriates money for three types of grants-in-aid:

Enabling act

Congress first passes an__, an act directing the people of the territory to frame a proposed State constitution.

50 states

Each of these local units is located within one of the__. Each state has created these units through its constitution and laws.

Division of powers Cooperation

Even though the basis of federalism is the___between levels of government, there is still much_between them.

Article IV

Extradition is upheld through__,Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution.

Out of state

However, States can draw reasonable distinctions between its own residents and those of other States, such as charging___residents higher tuition for State Universities than in-state residents.

Interstate compacts

However, the States may, with the consent of Congress, enter into__-agreements among themselves and with foreign states.

Act of admission

If Congress agrees to Statehood after reviewing the submitted State constitution, it passes an___, an act creating the new State. If the President signs the act, the new state enters the Union.

State Governor

If a governor is unwillingly to return a fugitive to a_, federal courts can intervene and order that_to do so.

Reserved powers National Government States

Powers Reserved to the States The 10th Amendment declares that the States are governments of__. The reserved powers are those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the__and does not, at the same time, deny to the_.

State law

Local governments, since they are created by States, are exercising__through their own means.

200 compacts

More than__are now in force, and range in a variety of uses from sharing law enforcement data to resource development and conservation.

Treaty, alliance, or confederation

No State may enter into any_,_,or_.

Congress

Only_has the power to admit new States to the Union.

A. Some powers, such as the power of levy duties on exports or prohibit the freedom of religion, speech, press, or assembly, are expressly denied to the National Government in the Constitution. B. Also, some powers are denied to the National Government because the Constitution is silent on the issue. Examples: power to create a public school system for the nation or the power to enact uniform marriage or divorce laws. C. Finally, some powers are denied to the National Government because the federal system does not intend the National Government to carry out those functions. Example: In the exercise of its power to tax, Congress cannot tax any of the States, or their local units in the carrying out of their government functions.

Power are denied to the National Government in 3 distinct ways:

States National Government

Powers Denied to the State Just as the Constitution denies many powers to the National Government, it also denies many powers to the_. Examples: No State can enter into a treaty or print/ coin its own money. Powers denied to the States are denied in much the same way that powers are denied to the__; both expressly and inherently.

Exclusive powers

Powers that can be exercise by the National Government alone are known as the__. Examples of the exclusive powers that are National Government's power to coin money, to make treaties with foreign states, and lay duties(taxes) on imports.

Section 2

Section 2

Section 3

Section 3

Federal Emergency Management Agency

Source:____

National elections

State and local election officials conduct__.

National Government

States and local governments also aid the__.

Saens versus Roe 1999

States cannot, for example, pay lower welfare benefits to newly arrived residents than it does to its long-term residents,____.

Local government responds

Step 1-___. If overwhelmed, turns to state for assistance.

The state responds

Step 2-___with State resources, such as the National Guard and State agencies.

Damage Assessment

Step 3-__by local, state, federal, and volunteer organizations.

A major disaster declaration

Step 4-____is requested by the governor, based on damage assessment.

FEMA Evaluates

Step 5-__the request and recommends action to the White House.

The President approves

Step 6-___the request or FEMA informs the governor it has been denied.

A. That governmental power poses a threat to individual liberty B. That therefore the exercise of governmental power must be restrained C. That to divide governmental power, as federalism does, is to curb it and so prevent its abuse

The Framers were dedicated to the concept of limited government. They were convinced...

A. The expressed powers are those found directly within the Constitution ex.) Article I Section 8 gives Congress the power to "lay and collect taxes, to coin money, to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, to raise and maintain armed forces, to declare war." B. The implied powers are not expressly stated in the Constitution, but are reasonably suggested, or implied by, the expressed powers. Example: the Necessary and proper Clause C. The inherent powers belong to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community. There are few inherent powers, with an example being the National Government's ability to regulate immigration.

The National Government is a government of delegated powers, meaning that it only has those powers delegated (granted) to it in the Constitution. There are 3 types of delegated powers:

(Ranked from lowest to highest) A. City and county (parish) charters and ordinances B. State statues (laws) C. State constitutions D. Acts of Congress and Treaties E. U.S. Constitution

The Supremacy Clause ranks laws and court decisions as:

National and State governments

The federal system determines the way that powers are divided or shared between the____.

State

The legal process by which aliens can become citizens (naturalization) takes place in_,not federal, courts.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

The_____of the Constitution ensures that States recognize the laws and, documents, and court proceedings of the other States.

The Privileges and Immunities Clause

The____provides that no State can draw unreasonable distinction between its own residents and those persons who happen to live in other States.

Concurrent powers

The__are those powers that both the National Government and the States posses and exercise. Some concurrent powers include the power to levy and collect taxes, to define crimes and set punishments for them, and to claim private property for public use (eminent domain).

Supremacy Clause "Supreme Law Of the Land"

The__in the Constitution establishes the Constitution and U.S. laws as the_____.

87,000 units Local government

There are more than__of__in the U.S. today.

A.) One State cannot enforce another State's criminal laws B.) Full Faith and Credit need not be given to certain divorces granted by one State to residents of another State.

There are two exceptions to the clause though:

State Local jails

Those who commit federal crimes are sought by the FBI are often picked up by_and local police officers and held in__.

Categorical grants

__-made for some specific, closely defined purpose, such as school lunch programs or the construction of airports or water treatment plants. There are usually conditions or "strings," attached to regulate the use of these funds.

Block grants

__-portions of money allocated to States to use for broader purposes, such as health care, social services, or welfare. Block grants often are granted with fewer strings attached.

Project Grants

__-provides to States, localities, and sometimes private agencies that apply for them. They are used for a variety of purposes ranging from medical research to job training and employment programs.

Republican Form Of Government

____-The Constitution requires the National Government to "guarantee every State in this Union a Republican Form Of Government."

Respect for Territorial Integrity

____-The National Government is constitutionally bound to respect the territorial integrity of each of the States.

Protection Against Invasion and Internal Disorder

______-The National Government is also required to provide defense of the States from foreign invasion, and aid in protecting against "domestic violence" in the States.

Grants-in-aid programs

____are grants of federal money or other resources to the States, and/or their cities, counties (parishes in LA), and other local units.

Governors

_are the State executives that handle the extradition process.

Extradition

_is the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that State.