Civil Rights Movement Review

25C - Murals painted in the 1970s in California. This artistic movement demonstrates the contributions of which culture to U.S. art?

Hispanic American.

23A - "Segregation in Public Schools Outlawed" Who was most instrumental in the event described in this headline?

Thurgood Marshall.

25A - Why did Chicano migrant workers establish the United Farm Workers?

To obtain fair wages and improve labor conditions.

23A - Which quotation could most likely be attributed to Sandra Day O'Connor?

"The power I exert on the Court depends on the power of my arguments, not on my gender."

20A - But it taxes our credulity to say that mere chance resulted in their [sic] being no members of this class among the over six thousand jurors called in the past 25 years. The result bespeaks discrimination,... [Hernandez's] only claim is the right to be indicted and tried by juries from which all members of his class are not systematically excluded—juries selected from among all qualified persons regardless of national origin or descent. To this much, he is entitled by the Constitution. —Chief Justice Earl Warren, Hernandez v. Texas, May 3, 1954 How did this Supreme Court decision affect judicial interpretations of the Constitution?

By expanding equal protection rights.

25C - Selected Interest Groups • Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) • League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) • National Urban League • Rainbow PUSH Coalition How have these groups helped shape U.S. culture?

By focusing on expanding civil rights for minorities.

25D - How did Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique affect the lives of everyday Americans?

By inspiring women in the 1960s to question their traditional social roles.

25A - With few material possessions, but guided by his parents' steady example, his Catholic faith, the lessons of Gandhi, and an unshakable belief in justice, Cesar Chavez brought about much needed change in our country. —Medal of Freedom citation awarded posthumously to Cesar Chavez, August 1994 How did Chavez accomplish the change referred to in this excerpt?

By organizing an economic boycott to improve working conditions for migrant farmers.

9G - The federal government responded to which issue by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Discrimination by employers.

9F - Which method for achieving civil rights is most associated with Martin Luther King, Jr.?

Using peaceful protests and acts of civil disobedience.

22C - Which civic action demonstrates the most fundamental responsibility of citizens in a democracy?

Voting in a presidential election.

9I - Poll taxes , Gerrymandering , Voter intimidation The passage of legislation to end these practices resulted in —

an increase in political participation by minorities.

9G - Whenever normal agencies prove inadequate to the task and it becomes necessary for the Executive Branch of the Federal Government to use its powers and authority . . . the President's responsibility is inescapable. In accordance with that responsibility, I have today issued an Executive Order directing the use of troops under Federal authority to aid . . . at Little Rock, Arkansas. —President Dwight D. Eisenhower, address from the White House, September 24, 1957 President Eisenhower exercised his federal authority in an effort to —

enforce a ruling to desegregate public schools.

9G - The Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminated -

literacy tests as prerequisites for voting

17D - Chart of "Great Society Programs" Head Start -Provide early childhood education Job Corps - Improve employment opportunities for young people HUD - 1 Medicare - 2 Which pair of goals best completes this table?

1: Ensure the availability of affordable housing 2: Provide health insurance for senior citizens

20A - Suspected criminal activity reported, Probable cause determined(1), Search warrant obtained and executed(2), Suspect arrested(3), Charges filed(4), Plea entered The ruling in Miranda v. Arizona most affected the procedure in which step of this process?

3 - Suspect Arrested. This is where the officer is required to read you your rights because of Miranda v. Arizona "You have the right to remain silent..."

9E - Chart of "Civil Rights Organizations" Important Leader - Martin Luther King Jr. Name of Organization - Southern Christian Leadership Conference Basic Philosophy - Use nonviolent resistance to eliminate racial segregation and discrimination Important Leader - Huey P. Newton Name of Organization - ? Basic Philosophy - Use all necessary means to defend the community and provide for community needs Which organization's name correctly completes this table?

Black Panther Party.

25D - Which statement best describes one of Shirley Chisholm's most celebrated achievements?

Chisholm overcame gender and racial barriers to be elected to Congress.

24B - Which theme formed the basis of the Chicano Mural Movement?

Cultural pride.

9G - Which government poster is directly related to the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Employment discrimination is ILLEGAL!

23A - What diagram is about Sandra Day O'Connor?

First woman named to the U.S. Supreme Court --> Provided swing votes in important cases.

9I - Which headline can be most directly attributed to the efforts of the Civil Rights movement?

Four African Americans Served in U.S. Congress in 1959; Now There Are Many More.

25C - African Americans organize black churches in the South during post-Reconstruction --> Northern black churches are influenced by Southerners during the Great Migration era. --> ? Which sentence best completes this sequence of events?

Gospel music gains national attention.

9H - What role did Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus play in the Little Rock Crisis?

He challenged the authority of the federal government to desegregate schools.

9A - After winning the right to participate in the American experiment of self-government, African Americans were systematically and ruthlessly excluded from it: From 1901 to 1929, there were no blacks in the federal legislature. —"Black Americans in Congress: An Introduction," Historical Essays on the Black Americans in Congress, www.baic.house.gov (accessed March 29, 2011) How did W. E. B. Du Bois combat prejudice like that described in the excerpt?

He established an early civil rights group. This early civil rights group name was the NAACP ( National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ).

9I - Which of the following was a direct result of the civil rights movement?

Increased political participation by minority groups.

24B - What is the effect rock and roll had on society in the 1950s?

It contributed to a cultural divide between generations.

24B - Historical Park in San Diego, California. What is the significance of this 1978 mural?

It is an example of cultural pride among Mexican Americans. This is known as the Chicano Mural Movement mostly in California and Texas.

9A - The white people were sitting in the white section. More white people got on, and they filled up all the seats in the white section. When that happened, we black people were supposed to give up our seats to the whites. But I didn't move. The white driver said, "Let me have those front seats." I didn't get up. I was tired of giving in to white people. "I'm going to have you arrested," the driver said. "You may do that," I answered. —Rosa Parks, My Story, 1992 How did the event described by Rosa Parks in this excerpt affect the Civil Rights movement?

It resulted in a bus boycott(refusal to use service or buy goods) that lasted more than a year.

9D - Chart Title: Political Views of ? Supported - Civil disobedience, Nonviolent resistance, Desegregation Opposed - Expressions of violence, Political compromises, Racial separatism The name of which civil rights leader best completes the title of the graphic?

Martin Luther King, Jr. During this time period the main two leaders of the black community Malcolm X and MLK Jr. had differing opinions on how to achieve equality for black Americans. MLK Jr. was a PhD and Pastor who advocated for non-violence.

20A - How does the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona continue to affect society?

People accused of a crime must be informed of their constitutional rights.

9A - During Reconstruction the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were ratified. Which issue did these amendments address?

Rights for former slaves. These include 13th abolishing slavery, 14th every person born in the United States is a citizen, and the 15th which gave BLACK MEN the right to vote.

25A - American Indian leaders and activists organize a nonviolent protest to bring attention to issues affecting American Indians. More than 600 people travel in the "Trail of Broken Treaties" in a caravan of buses, cars, trucks, and campers to Saint Paul, Minnesota. — "1972: Trail of Broken Treaties," U.S. National Library of Medicine, Native Voices, www.nlm.nih.gov (accessed April 7, 2014) Which earlier protest was most similar to the one described above?

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

20A - In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. —Chief Justice Earl Warren, 1954 Which action occurred as a result of the Supreme Court decision excerpted above?

The desegregation of public schools.

9A - Pictures of three newspapers with headlines that read "Sit-in Protest at Woolworth's Lunch Counter in Greensboro, N.C", "Freedom Rides Begin from Washington, D.C.", and "250,000 Participate in March on Washington". What was the main result of the events referred to in these headlines?

The expansion of political and economic opportunities for minority citizens.

9I - In a sense we've come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note . . . that all men . . . would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . . . Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check. . . . We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and security of justice. —"I Have a Dream," Martin Luther King, Jr., 1963 What is a major result of the campaign described by Martin Luther King, Jr.?

The national identity of the United States has become more inclusive.

9I - Because they marched, America became more free and more fair—not just for African Americans, but for women and Latinos, Asians and Native Americans; . . . for Americans with a disability. America changed for you and for me. And the entire world drew strength from that example. . . . —President Barack Obama, speech at the "Let Freedom Ring" ceremony commemorating the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington, August 28, 2013 Which of the following provides evidence to support President Obama's assertion that "America became more free and more fair"?

The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

9G - Which government action was intended to ensure that African Americans could exercise their Fifteenth Amendment rights?

The passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. 15th amendment gave BLACK MEN the right to vote but the KKK, poll taxes and other discrimination practices highly limited and prevented black people from voting.

9A - Map depicted shows "1961 Freedom Rides" and dates of violence during the route. What was the goal of the protests depicted on this map?

To challenge the federal government to enforce Supreme Court rulings against discrimination in interstate transportation.

9G - The Civil Rights Act of 1957 established a Civil Rights Division within the U.S. Department of Justice. What was the main purpose of this division?

To enforce laws prohibiting discrimination.

25A - The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or national origin. —Executive Order 11246 as amended, September 24, 1965 What was the main purpose of this executive order?

To expand protections in hiring decisions.

24A - In the songs of rock 'n' roll, if indeed they can be called songs, I noticed the advent of much protest music stemming in a direct line from ballads like Nat King Cole's success of 1951, "They Tried to Tell Us We're Too Young." In one song . . . the musicians lament the fate of the world. . . . One song which gained enthusiastic approval told of how a boy was refused admission to high school because his hair was too long. Terrell explained, "Rock is being married to folk music and the offspring is protest." —James Michener, New York Times, 1965 Which event is commonly associated with the type of music described in this excerpt?

Woodstock.

25A - Poster reads "Si Se Puede-It can be done" with the stamp of United Farm Workers and pictures of Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta and fields of agriculture as the background. At the bottom it says "boycott red coach lettuce" This 1972 poster depicts an organization originally formed to advocate —

better economic treatment of migrant workers.

9A - In the late 1800s, the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson —

created a legal justification for segregation laws. in 1896, the Supreme court ruled "separate but equal" facilities for black and white people was legal.

25C - Jackie Robinson first rose to national prominence in the late 1940s when he —

helped bring an end to racial segregation in Major League Baseball

17D - The President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity established by this order is directed immediately to scrutinize and study employment practices of the Government of the United States, and to consider and recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination within the executive branch of the Government. —President John F. Kennedy, Executive Order 10925, 1961 The primary objective of the executive order excerpted here was to —

promote fair employment practices in government agencies.

20A -An angry mob of over 1,000 whites gathers in front of Central High School, while nine African American students are escorted inside. The Little Rock police remove the nine children for their safety. —Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site, National Park Service, www.nps.gov (accessed December 2, 2013) This confrontation centered around —

resistance by state and local governments to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling.

24A - Another visual mark of change has been in clothing styles. As radical groups have all but disappeared from most colleges and high schools . . . the street-fighting uniforms, the Army surplus look, the blue jeans and work shirts, and the costumes of the "freaks," the tie-dyed, thrift shop and frontier scout styles, have become rarer and rarer. With some exceptions, . . . students are dressing up more—not high-style, but neater, cleaner and brighter. —Douglas E. Kneeland, New York Times This excerpt describes changes in student fashion toward the end of —

the counterculture movement.

17D - • Food Stamp Act of 1964 • Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 • Child Nutrition Act of 1966 The passage of the pieces of legislation in this list resulted in —

the creation of programs to alleviate(remedy, fix, get rid of) poverty.

9E - During the Civil Rights movement, the Black Panther Party's tactics differed from those of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., because the Black Panthers called for —

the use of armed resistance if necessary.