Civil War Quiz

Gettysburg Adress

Speech given by Abraham Lincoln which captured the spirit of liberty and morality ideally held by citizens of a democracy. That ideal was threatened by the Civil War.

Southern Strategy

The Southern Strategy was a term that described the Republicans' move to campaign in the south after it had broken with the Democrats over civil rights. This was the beginning of the Republican domination of the south American sees today in national politics.

Popular sovereignty

The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government

George Meade

This man was the leader of the Union forces when they met with Lee's army in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where the most famous Civil War battle took place.

Southern Disadvantages

9 million citizens- 3.5 million = slaves that can't fight had to form govt and fight at same time each state wanted to keep own rights/ priveleges each state sent supplies to own soldiers only had to worry about slave revolts poor transportation- little railroads little industry- fewer guns

Dred scott decision

A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

David G. Farragut

Admiral of the Union Navy during the Civil War. Led the daring attack on New Orleans the led to the Union's control of the Mississippi River.

Jefferson Davis

An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865

Robert E. Lee

Appointed command of the Confederate Army in 1862 during the Civil War. Despite his skill he was forced to surrender to Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865.

Stonewall Jackson

Lee's right hand man; killed by friendly fire at the Battle of Chancellorsville, general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)

election of 1860

Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union.

Stephen Douglas

Senator from Illinois, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine, argues in favor of popular sovereignty

Anaconda Plan

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south

William Tecumseh Sherman

United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West, Union general appointed by Grant as the commander of the military division of the Mississippi; marched Southeast towards George and devastated the South during his "March"

John Wilkes Booth

Was an American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865.

Northern strategy

-Based on the inevitability of the South having to fight a defensive war -Primary objective: capture the capital (political symbol of the south) ---South was relying on recognition from France and England to further its objective of secession (France and Eng remained officially neutral throughout the war) ---If the Southern capital fell, the North was certain the foreign countries would see the South as an unsustainable political entity ---The North also hoped that capturing Richmond would force the South to surrender quickly ---Took 4 years (failed attempts: Bull Run in 1861 and Peninsular Campaign in 1862, after which the North abandoned its plan for the immediate capture of Richmond) -Blockade the South's Atlantic seaports, cut off trade, and economically strangle the South -Divide the South at the Mississippi River; controlling the river would geographically split the Confederacy east and west, forcing the South to fight a two-front war and and limiting the supply avenues open to the South (river came under Union control with the fall of Vicksburg in 1863)

Lincoln-Douglas debates

1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate

appomattox

Commanding officers: winning side: casualties: significance: the site of surrender of the Confederate general Lee to Union general Grant in April 1865, marking the end of the Civil War, his surrender prevent several more years of guerilla war, Grant was lenient- the idea of reconciliation not vengeance, the south could keep its horses and the generals could keep their guns

Chancellorsville

Commanding officers: winning side: casualties: significance:, In Virginia where Lee daringly divided his numerically inferior army and sent Stonewall Jackson to attack the Union flank. This was successful strategy as it was one of the Confederates most successful victories of the war. However, during the battle Jackson was shot and killed by friendly fire which depleted the moral of the confederate force.

Fort Sumter

Commanding officers: winning side: casualties: significance:, Site of the opening engagement of the Civil War. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina had seceded from the Union, and had demanded that all federal property in the state be surrendered to state authorities. Major Robert Anderson concentrated his units at Fort Sumter, and, when Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861, Sumter was one of only two forts in the South still under Union control. Learning that Lincoln planned to send supplies to reinforce the fort, on April 11, 1861, Confederate General Beauregard demanded Anderson's surrender, which was refused. On April 12, 1861, the Confederate Army began bombarding the fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861. Congress declared war on the Confederacy the next day.

Vicksburg

Commanding officers: winning side: casualties: significance:, The union forces wanted to capture Vicksburg in order to control to Mississippi River. (Union) Gen. Grant surrounded Vicksburg and bombed it for a month. The people and Confederate soldiers starved until they surrendered.

Battle of Gettysburg

Commanding officers: winning side: casualties: significance:, Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.

Shiloh

Commanding officers: winning side: casualties: significance:, Three battles over major rivers in West Tennessee, This was battle fought by Grant in an attempt to capture the railroad of the South. The battle was fought in the west prevented the north from obtaining an easy victory. However, the Confederates strong resistance showed that they would not go quietly and the war was far from over.

Bull Run

Commanding officers: (N) Irving McDowell (S) P.G.T beauregaurd & Stonewall Jackson winning side: Confederate casualties: (N) 2,600 (S) 1,900 significance: First major land battle

Antietam

Commanding officers: (N) McCellan (S) Lee winning side: Strategic Union Victory casualties: (N) 12,000 (S) 10,000 (overall) 22,000 significance: Bloodiest Single day Battle in American History

George McClellan

He was a Union general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861, He defeated Lee, at Antietam, securing a much needed Union victory, Lincoln fired him twice

National Bank Act

It raised money for the Union in the American Civil War by enticing banks to buy federal bonds, and taxed state bonds out of existence. It helped the Union war effort economically.

Ulysses S. Grant

When the American Civil War began-appointed brigadier general; 1862 attack on Fort Donelson, Tenn., produced the first major Union victory. He drove off a Confederate attack at Shiloh but was criticized for heavy Union losses. He devised the campaign to take the stronghold of Vicksburg, Miss., in 1863, cutting the Confederacy in half from east to west. Following his victory at the Battle of Chattanooga in 1864, he was appointed commander of the Union army. Grant attacked forces under Gen. Robert E. Lee in Virginia, bringing the war to an end in 1865. Grant's administrative ability and innovative strategies were largely responsible for the Union victory; 18th president

Habeas Corpus

a person can't be held in prison without first being charged with a crime

union

a political unit formed from previously independent people or organizations

Northern Advantages

a)larger population, b)most of the factories to make supplies, c)most of the railroads located in the north, d)strong Navy, e)more money, f)they had an established government

Appomattox Court House

famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant, the Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, ending the Civil War

Northern Disadvantages

had to conquer a large area, invade unfamiliar land, lines of supply were longer, unfamiliar terrain, dont want to fight, bad generals

total warfare

idea of all-out attacks aimed at destroying not only an enemy's army but also its resources and its people's will to fight

Emancipation Proclamation

issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the Confederate states would be free

Southern Advantages

knowledge of land, fighting to protect lifestyle, better trained soldiers,strong military leaders

13th Ammendment

officially abolished slavery, prohibits involuntary servitude.

disunion

the termination or destruction of union

Winfield Scott

was a United States Army general, diplomat, and presidential candidate. Known as "Old Fuss and Feathers" and the "Grand Old Man of the Army", he served on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history and most historians rate him the ablest American commander of his time. Over the course of his fifty-year career, he commanded forces in the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Black Hawk War, the Second Seminole War, and, briefly, the American Civil War, conceiving the Union strategy known as the Anaconda Plan that would be used to defeat the Confederacy.