CJUS 101 FINAL

Which of the following is a function of the courts?

Hear a criminal case.

Which statement best describes civil law?

Most civil law violations are a breach of contract, not a crime that is committed.

Which of the following best describes criminal sentences?

They can include imprisonment or monetary fines.

According to the criminal justice system, when does the first appearance in court take place?

Within several hours of the arrest

The annual economic cost of crime in the United States is approximately _______.

$1.7 trillion

Which type of law handles regulations surrounding how products are manufactured?

civil

Federal, state, and _____ law enforcement agencies operate in a wider area than ______ departments.

county; local police

Which crime involves setting a building on fire?

Arson

Which legal function is carried out by the police?

Crime prevention

How can the criminal justice system administer justice?

Ensuring people's rights are not violated

____ is an example of a victim consequence of crime.

Financial loss

Which example supports the Strain theory?

A person sells illegal drugs to attain wealth and status.

What is due process?

A set of rights outlined by the U.S. Constitution

Which of the following best describes a gang?

A subcultural group that rejects traditional social values and embraces opposing values.

In the criminal justice process, what happens when a defendant pleads not guilty?

A trial to decide the defendant's guilt or innocence of the criminal charges begins.

Which step in the criminal justice process comes directly after the pretrial activities?

Adjudication

What is the most commonly committed type of violent crime?

Aggravated assault

Which is an example of an unlawful arrest that may be used in a case to support the resisting unlawful arrest defense?

An arrest in which the officer uses excessive force

What is an inchoate offense?

An incomplete crime

Which of the following is a function of the police?

Arrest someone who is robbing a store.

Which individual would most likely be charged with a misdemeanor?

College kids arrested for vandalizing a public statue

________ is the component of the criminal justice process in which criminal sentences imposed by the courts are carried out.

Corrections

Which statement best describes the economic consequences of crime?

Crime imposes huge costs on the criminal justice system.

What do neoclassical theories say are the reasons crimes occur?

Criminal behavior is a choice that people make freely.

Which of the following is the result of outsiders being discouraged from visiting a particular community due to crime?

Decline in tourism

Which of the following is part of the arraignment process?

Defendants hear the information or indictment against them.

Which are considered to be two of the most serious felony crimes in the United States?

Espionage and treason

Which of the following crimes has the most severe consequences?

Felonies

Which case would an attorney who practices civil law manage?

Former spouses argue over child custody.

Criminal cases seek to determine which of the following?

Innocence or guilt

What does the alibi defense do?

Insists the accused is innocent of the crime with which he or she is charged.

Which of the following is true of treason?

It is a type of felony.

Which describes the criminal justice system?

It is made up of the police, the courts, and corrections

Who is responsible for imposing the sentence when a defendant is found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt at the conclusion of a criminal trial?

Judge

Which individual serves as an essential component of the criminal justice system?

Judges

The consent defense claims the alleged victim actually gave permission for the criminal act to be committed against him or her. Which defense does this fall under?

Justification

Which statement best describes larceny?

Larceny does not involve the use of force.

Which of the following falls under pretrial activities?

Making a first appearance in court

Which statement best describes corrections functions?

Many of the functions carried out by the corrections component of the criminal justice system depend on the outcome of criminal case processing within the courts.

How can you tell a misdemeanor from a felony?

Misdemeanors generally do not involve violence.

Which of the following can a police officer do to prevent a crime?

Monitor surveillance cameras

Which of the following is an example of a major social consequence of crime?

People who always follow the laws will change their behaviors out of fear.

Which is an example of a biological theory of crime?

Phrenology

When it comes to the structure of police departments, which position is most involved with the general public on a regular basis?

Police officers

What is community policing?

Police working with people in neighborhoods to reduce crimes

_________ means there is enough evidence to lead a reasonable and logical person to believe a specific individual committed a specific crime.

Probable cause

Which is an example of a societal consequence of crime?

Restricted access to public places

Which is an example of a major violent crime?

Robbery

Which is an example of a classical and neoclassical criminal theory?

Routine activities theory

Which of the following can strengthen, but also compromise, an investigation?

Search and seizure

_____ theories view criminal behavior as being learned.

Social process

A young kid grows up with older siblings who regularly engage in theft and drug use. The siblings encourage the young kid to do the same. Which theory believes that the kid is likely to commit crimes based on these interactions?

Social process theories

In a watchman style of policing, which crime takes priority?

Stolen vehicle

Which type of law defines what constitutes criminal conduct and provides guidelines for imposing punishment when crimes are committed.

Substantive criminal law

What does it mean if a community has a stigma of major crime occurrence?

The community has a negative reputation.

Which statement best describes the consequences of crime?

The impact of crime extends from personal to societal levels.

What occurs during the preliminary hearing?

The prosecution presents evidence that the defendant committed a specific crime.

Which of the following is a legal right that inmates have?

The right to have access to the courts.

Which of the following is part of due process?

The right to present witnesses for the defense

What behaviors might community members display in response to criminal activity?

They might avoid going out at night.

Why is proper police work essential to providing an individual with a fair and just trial?

Thorough investigations can affect the outcome of a trial.

Which is a primary function of the criminal justice system?

Upholding the law

At what point in the process does the investigation begin?

When the police become aware that a crime was committed

Which of the following is an opportunity that local police officers have?

Working directly with the people in the community

Statutory law refers to _________

established written law

The federal criminal justice system pursues and maintains justice at the state level.

false

When a criminal case is being processed, ________ is the first step.

investigating the crime

The four main categories of defenses include alibi, procedural defenses, excuses, and __________

justifications

______ is an example of property crime.

larceny

Which of the following crimes has the lowest percentage of incidents?

murder

Which of the following is a procedural defense?

police fraud

Which of the following is one of the four major categories of violent crime the FBI uses when collecting crime data?

rape

________ theories, like Subcultural theory, examine the social factors that contribute to the incidence of crime.

sociological

The five main types of law that fall under the rule of law include administrative law, case law, civil law, criminal law, and statutory law.

true

The FBI considers which of the following to be a major crime area?

violent

Which describes involuntary intoxication?

A person commits a crime after being drugged by someone else.

What is the point at which a case goes to trial?

Adjudication

Which area within the rule of law would manage issues pertaining to customs?

Administrative law

Which describes the function of crime prevention?

Anticipating and stopping crimes

__________ is considered a pretrial activity.

Arraignment

Which of the following serves as an example of burglary?

Breaking into a building and taking expensive computer parts

When a person is tried twice for the same crime, this is known as what?

Double jeopardy

Which defense is used when an accused person was manipulated into committing a crime by a representative of the law when the accused would never have committed the crime otherwise.

Entrapment

Why do felonies have more serious consequences than misdemeanors do?

Felonies usually involve violence and harm toward other people.

Which belief is supported by the Sociological theories?

Highly organized societies are associated with lower levels of crime.

Which best describes how redesigning a building district can serve as a social consequence of crime?

It can impact how and when people interact with one another.

Which statement best describes the criminal justice system in the United States?

It is made up of multiple systems from the federal level to individual states.

What is the minimum sentence for a felony?

Prison for one year

Which is an example of a misdemeanor?

Prostitution

Which of the following best describes the service style of policing?

Protecting quiet, affluent communities from outsiders

_____ is a principle that believes that in order for a society to be orderly, it must establish rules for conduct.

Rule of law

Which of the following statements is true?

Sheriff's offices operate at the county level.

How can police officers legally arrest an offender two weeks after a crime has been committed?

They must obtain an arrest warrant from a judge.

What is one reason for studying criminological theories?

To prevent crimes

Which of the following is a type of excuse defense?

age

Which type of law is also known as the law of precedent?

case

A man is charged with a crime but explains that the crime was only carried out because he feared for the lives of his children. Which of the following is an appropriate defense for this individual?

duress

Juvenile crime is a major area of crime according to the FBI.

false

Misdemeanors are _________ felonies.

less serious offenses than

One of the goals of the criminal justice system is to ____________.

uphold justice