Clas 289A

Maison Carree

Located in Nîmes, France. Was an ancient Roman temple. Square house shape, exemplified greek and roman architecture. Was preserved and was a model for the Roman/ american influenced architecture. High steps and columns. Was the model for the Virginia state capitol. Had windows and additional wings

Thomas Crawford, "Freedom Triumphant"

"Freedom Triumphant" was the top of the dome. It was composed of clay and then cast in plaster. Was a symbol of liberty w the roman liberty hat that was replaced by the plume hat. Subtle argument of the emancipation of slaves. Was a sword and shield that defended freedom and the clothing suggested divinity. Also depicted the civil war challenging unity

Oikuomene

"master of the Oikuomene" meaning "master of the known world'

The marble Faun

-Written by Nathaniel Hawthorne -While spending a year in Italy he wrote the Marble Faun which is about how Americans perceive Rome -How Rome could never come back to life -Recreated the myth of "Pygmalion" the story about how the sculptor made his perfect women and she came to life

Picturesque

-aesthetic ideal -mid 18th century, idea of "purely scenic touring began" for the English -went again of the principles of symmetry and correct proportions, focused on "accidental irregularity" -favored the uniqueness and individuality of buildings -Challenged the ideology of the Grand Tour -suggested that rural Britain was just as good as the Grand Tour and the anti-classical sights began to be sought after

Benjamin Latrobe

2nd architect of the capitol -drew from French neoclassical architects -Original House of Representatives which has a half pantheon status -Dome was Roman style -Became a follower of Thornton's design for the capitol building

Pierre L'Enfant

A French engineer that was hired to plan DC -Wide boulevards shows grandeur -All roads lead to the Capitol -Designed the Georgian Versailles palace for the king of France

Thomas U. Walter

-4th architect of the capitol building -Plans to enlarge US capitol building -Oversaw construction of new marble wings -designed new cast-iron dome

Paestum

-A city farther south than Pompeii -1st place where Americans could see the Greek temples -Americans could not go directly to Greece because it was part of the Ottoman Empire

Benjamin West

-American Artist -One of the 1st Americans to visit Rome -He never came back -Compared the statue of Apollo to a Mohawk Indian because the Apollo statue to American's is just as exotic as the Mohawk Indian statue is to the Roman's

Hiram Powers

-American Neo-Classical Sculptor -Was hired to sculpt Andrew Jackson in a roman sculture fashion -Moved to Florence and lived there the rest of his life -Sculpted the famous Greek slave

William Wetmore Story

-American Sculptor -Sculpted a sculpture of Cleopatra which was then admired in the Marble faun -moved to and lived in Rome

Temple of Liberty

-Architectural symbolism= The US capitol building because it shows the symmetry and balance in body -Was neoclassicism that appealed to Jefferson

Hotel de Salm

-Building in France that was greatly admired by Thomas Jefferson -Elements of Classical architecture included columns -Used the Spherical and cubic architecture by utilizing an exedra (the half circle protrusion in the front) -Helped model the white house

Capital, Capitol

-Capital= City/ place -Capitol= Building/place where executives meet

Pompeii

-City in Italy that was "destroyed" when Mt. vesuvius erupted -It has be excavated and allows visitors to get a better understanding of the Roman Structure and civilization because it is like it is frozen in time

University of Virginia

-Designed by Thomas Jefferson -Used neoclassical style -Academical village -Village surrounded the library which was inspired by the Rotunda

Baroque

-Ex) Versailles, where the king of France lived -Demonstrated power and importance through its size and colors -theatrical

Harriet Hosmer

-Famous neo-classical woman sculptor -Pioneered the idea of turning limestone into marble

John Carroll

-First Roman Catholic Bishop in the United States -Visited Rome -Founder of Georgetown University

Palladio

-Inspired by Andrea Palladio -Uses aspects of Roman and Greek temple architecture -Neo Classical -Not typical Roman styled buildings but took elements of the Style

Monticello

-Jefferson's house in Charlottesville -Was influenced by the Palladio Villas and the Hotel de Salm

St. Peter's

-Located in the Vatican City in Rome -The dome of the Vatican inspired the Dome in the Capital Building

Vitruvius

-Marcus Vitruvius Pollio was a Roman author and architect -Wrote De architectura -Proper proportion of buildings equals the proportion of the body -This work led to Da Vinci's drawing of the Vitruvian man

Gothic

-Mid evil style -Not an acceptable style to use to style DC -pointed arches and towers

Virginia State Capitol

-Modeled off the Maison Carree

William Thornton

-One of the architects of the capitol -Inspired by the Louvre and the Pantheon (cubicle exterior with a dome)- represents the temple of liberty aka the federal government -Senate and representative on right and left side -Praised by Jefferson for the designs

Neoclassicism

-Represented: grandeur, nobility, simplicity, chastity -Revival of the classical style seen in Greek and Roman architecture

Omphalos Syndrome

-Rock that the Greeks believed was the center of the earth -Represents symmetry and balance -Umbilicus Rome= Belly of the world -Wanted to portray that in Dc

Spherical vs. Cubic Architecture

-Rotunda at the Pantheon in Rome was a perfect example -Spherical architecture was popular because of the invention of concrete

Pantheon

-The ideal architecture of Thomas Jefferson -Spherical vs. Cubic style -Rotunda was a large circular domed ceiling -Granite Corinthian Ceilings -Inspiration for the Rotunda, the library at the University of Virginia

Georgian

-Williamsburg style -Associated with King George III -Demonstrated authority and the abuse of power -Symmetrical and based off Roman and Greek architecture

Capitoline Hill

Capitolium (temple), speculation that it was the inspiration for the Capitol Hill in DC

Constantino Brumidi, "The Apotheosis of Washington"

Painting underside of dome. "Turning into a god" by self sacrifice and good nature. Surrounded by the gods made it neo-classified, and liberty was never used explicitly

Charles Bulfinch

Replaced latrobe and designed the dome center building of the U.S. capitol building and continued the restoration of its two wings

Horatio Greenough, "George Washington"

Symbolized the freedom of cincinnatus. Did not seem human, and was similar to the role of Athena in Parthenon which was a freedom figure. Represented the moment where people have power and a great leader gave power. Horatio Greenough made the statue of Washington like Zeus, shows Washington offering powers to God and the people, sword handle offered to the people. Was not at all well received by the American public because of its use of partial nudity, and transformation of Washington into a God. Seemed too far-fetched, too overdone.

Annona

The Roman Empire taxed citizens in form of grain to be able to feed everyone?

Tiber and Tyber

Tiber= God who talked to Achilles in the Iliad -Tyber= river named after Tiber -Tiber River in DC

E Plurius Unum

Triangular top with 13 columns at the bottom, all attached to the triangle -Shows "we are one" -Federal Pillar