Clinical and Counseling Psychology Exam #1

_____ significance in an efficacy or effectiveness study refers to how two groups differ in real-world terms. It answers the question, "Is there a meaningful difference between the groups?" A.) Statistical B.) Clinical C.) Theoretical D.) Control

B.) Clinical

Which of the following is true regarding ethical decision making by clinical psychologists? A.) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, as long as client confidentiality is protected. B.) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, and because the information is being shared with other qualified professionals, the client's confidentiality need not be protected. C.) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is generally discouraged. D.) none of the above

B.) Consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, as long as client confidentiality is protected.

In short, the _____ of a form of therapy is how well it works "in the lab," where it is practiced according to manualized methods. A.) outcome B.) efficacy C.) effectiveness D.) status

B.) Efficacy

_____ refers to the generalizability of the result of a scientific study, or the extent to which the same finding is applicable to different settings and populations. A.) Internal validity B.) External validity C.) Convergent validity D.) Reliability

B.) External validity

In which of the following states do clinical psychologists currently have prescription privileges? A.) New York and California B.) Louisiana and New Mexico C.) Oregon and Nevada D.) Missouri and Illinois

B.) Louisiana and New Mexico

In a(n) _____ design, participants within a single condition are compared to themselves at various points in time. A.) analogue B.) within-group C.) between-group D.) experimental

B.) Within-group

American Psychological Association Ethics Code clearly articulates that psychologists: A.) are allowed to engage in interrogation if they are members of C.I.A. B.) are to not take any part in torture or interrogation under any circumstances. C.) can engage in interrogation if it is warranted to gather pieces of information to protect the US. D.) can engage in interrogation with detainees from countries that the US are actively engaging military forces against.

B.) are to not take any part in torture or interrogation under any circumstances.

Expansion of DSM-V has affected all of the following issues EXCEPT: A.) creating new disorders as well as some changes in already existing disorders. B.) decreasing the number of individuals being diagnosed with mental disorders C.) decreasing the likelihood that individuals with mental illnesses would fall through the cracks D.) potentially diagnosing individuals who do not have those disorders

B.) decreasing the number of individuals being diagnosed with mental disorders

The landmark court case that established the duty to warn for psychologists was _____. A.) Brown v. The Board of Education B.) Hughes v. The APA Board of Ethics C.) Poddar v. The State of New Mexico D.) Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University of California

D.) Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University of California

The _____ typically consists of a full year of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting, and takes place before the doctoral degree is awarded. A.) postdoctoral internship B.) first year of graduate school in a PhD program C.) first year of graduate school in a PsyD program D.) predoctoral internship

D.) predoctoral internship

The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists since at least the 1970s is _____. A.) teaching B.) diagnosis/assessment C.) research/writing D.) psychotherapy

D.) psychotherapy

Burnout A.) can significantly impair the competence of a clinical psychologist. B.) occurs at high levels in less than 1% of psychologists, according to survey data. C.) is less likely to occur when a clinical psychologist is overcommitted to clients or earns a low salary. D.) all of the above

A.) can significantly impair the competence of a clinical psychologist.

Counseling psychologists, unlike Clinical Psychologists, have a training in: A.) career counseling B.) assessment C.) group therapy D.) consulting

A.) career counseling

The use of technology, particularly the Internet, by clinical psychologists is often referred to as _____. A.) cybertherapy B.) conference therapy C.) digi-assessment D.) tech-psych

A.) cybertherapy

For contemporary psychotherapists, the most relevant implication of the finding in the Tarasoff case is the A.) duty to warn. B.) obligation to protect client confidentiality without exception. C.) importance of continuing education for licensed psychologists. D.) importance of maintaining test security by not allowing tests to be taken outside of the professional office setting.

A.) duty to warn

Payment for psychotherapy by health insurance companies has A.) increased since the earliest days of psychotherapy. B.) decreased since the earliest days of psychotherapy. C.) not yet occurred, but is expected to begin within the next decade. D.) remained constant throughout the history of psychotherapy.

A.) increased since the earliest days of psychotherapy.

According to Cummings (2007), _____% of prescriptions written for psychoactive medications come from primary care physicians. A.) over 80 B.) 50 C.) 30 D.) under 10

A.) over 80

In comparison to Clinical Psychologists, Counseling Psychologists tend to: A.) see less seriously disturbed clients. B.) be more interested in and have training on vocational counseling and theories. C.) work more often in settings like inpatient hospitals or units. D.) endorse behaviorism more and humanism less.

A.) see less seriously disturbed clients.

_____ designs examine changes in a participant or group across time, often over many years. A.) Cross-sectional B.) ABAB C.) Analog D.) Longitudinal

D.) Longitudinal

The DSM-5 includes A.) an Outline for Cultural Formulation. B.) a Cultural Formulation Interview. C.) a cultural concepts of distress glossary. D.) All of the above.

-An Outline for Cultural Formulation. - A Cultural Formulation Interview. - A cultural concepts of distress glossary.

Which of the following is true regarding Asian cultures? A.) As a group, members of Asian cultures tend to emphasize collectivism (as opposed to individualism) more strongly than members of European American cultures. B.) All members of Asian cultures emphasize collectivism over individualism. C.) All women and most men of Asian cultures emphasize collectivism over individualism. D.) All men and most women of Asian cultures emphasize collectivism over individualism.

A.) As a group, members of Asian cultures tend to emphasize collectivism (as opposed to individualism) more strongly than members of European American cultures.

_____ is the acculturation strategy in which the individual adopts much of the new culture and abandons much of the original culture. A.) Assimilation B.) Separation C.) Marginalization D.) Integration

A.) Assimilation

_____ involve a thorough and detailed examination of one person or situation. A.) Case studies B.) Correlational studies C.) Meta-analyses D.) Within-group design studies

A.) Case studies

The etic perspective A.) emphasizes similarities between all people. B.) attaches great importance to differences between cultural groups. C.) was less dominant in the early days of psychology than it is today. D.) all of the above

A.) Emphasizes similarities between all people -Assumes universality -Downplays culture-based differences

Compared to effectiveness studies, efficacy studies of psychotherapy outcome generally have A.) greater internal validity. B.) greater external validity. C.) all of the above D.) none of the above

A.) Greater internal validity.

Authors such as Pedersen (1990, 1999, 2008) have labeled _____ as the "fourth force" in the history of psychology. A.) multiculturalism B.) humanism C.) the prescription privileges movement D.) behaviorism

A.) Multiculturalism

Which of the following is true? A.) No single "best method" has emerged for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent. B.) In-class discussion of one's own cultural background has emerged as the "best method" for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent. C.) Conducting psychotherapy (under supervision) with members of varied cultures has emerged as the "best method" for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent. D.) none of the above

A.) No single "best method" has emerged for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.

Which of the following professionals work specifically with school-aged individuals? A.) School Psychologists B.) Social Workers C.) Clinical Psychologists D.) Counseling Psychologists

A.) School Psychologists

The Boulder model of training is also known as the _____ model of training. A.) scientist-practitioner B.) practitioner-scholar C.) clinical scientist D.) clinical psychologist

A.) Scientist-practitioner

Which of the following is true? A.) The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged before the practitioner-scholar model of training. B.) The scientist-practitioner model of training and the practitioner-scholar model of training emerged at the same time. C.) The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged after the clinical scientist model of training. D.) The clinical scientist model of training and the practitioner-scholar model of training emerged at the same time.

A.) The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged before the practitioner-scholar model of training.

Which one of these options was NOT a recommendations in applying for graduate programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology? A.) Write effective personal statement. B.) Select graduate program wisely. C.) Become friends with current students of the programs you are interested in. D.) Get clinically relevant experience.

C.) Become friends with current students of the programs you are interested in.

_____ authorizes a psychologist to practice independently. A.) Successful completion of the predoctoral internship B.) Successful completion of the postdoctoral internship C.) Licensure D.) Successful completion of all graduate courses in an APA-approved graduate program

C.) Licensure

According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, which of the following statements is true regarding multiple relationships? A.) All multiple relationships are unethical. B.) Multiple relationships are unethical only when the client is harmed by them. C.) Multiple relationships are unethical only when they can be reasonably expected to cause impairment in the psychologist or risk exploitation or harm of the client. D.) Multiple relationships are unethical only when they are sexual in nature.

C.) Multiple relationships are unethical only when they can be reasonably expected to cause impairment in the psychologist or risk exploitation or harm of the client.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cybertherapy? A.) It has been found that cybertherapy is as effective as face-to-face therapy for various disorders. B.) It may be more convenient for some clients. C.) People other than therapists and clients may be able to access their therapy sessions. D.) Individuals living in the rural areas can seek therapy.

C.) People other than therapists and clients may be able to access their therapy sessions.

The scientist-practitioner model of training is characterized by A.) a combined emphasis on practice, research, and psychopharmacology. B.) an emphasis on practice over research. C.) a joint emphasis on practice and research. D.) an emphasis on research over practice.

C.) a joint emphasis on practice and research.

Nonsexual multiple relationships between clinical psychologist and client A.) are always unethical. B.) are never unethical if initiated by the client. C.) are unethical if they can be expected to impair the psychologist's competence or risk exploiting the client. D.) are unethical only if the client actually experiences harm or exploitation ("no harm, no foul").

C.) are unethical if they can be expected to impair the psychologist's competence or risk exploiting the client.

A growing emphasis in clinical psychology graduate training is _____, or skills that a student must be able to demonstrate in areas such as assessment, research, and diversity. A.) benchmarks B.) training realms C.) competencies D.) specialty tracks

C.) competencies

Patrick DeLeon, Morgan Sammons, and Robert McGrath are best known as advocates A.) or computer-based psychotherapies. B.) against evidence-based psychotherapies. C.) for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists. D.) for evidence-based psychotherapies.

C.) for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.

The first step in Fisher's (2012) eight-step model for ethical decision making is A.) consult an attorney. B.) generate and evaluate alternatives. C.) make a commitment to do with is ethically appropriate. D.) none of the above

C.) make a commitment to do with is ethically appropriate.

The size and scope of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual have _____ since its inception in the 1950s. A.) vastly decreased B.)demonstrated no real pattern C.) vastly increased D.) stayed about the same

C.) vastly increased