Clinical Mycology

Increased numbers of which of the following zygomycotic organisms was seen in increased numbers in Joplin, MO after the natural disaster?

Apophysomyces

Which of the following opportunistic organisms is identified by the following characteristics it is dematiaceous, has boomerang looking conidia, and a central thicker cell

Curvularia sp.

Which of the following specialized media is used for the isolation of Saksenaea vasiformis?

Czapek Dox agar

What patient population is most susceptible to infections caused by Lichtheimia?

Diabetics in ketoacidosis

Which of the following dimorphic organisms is problematic in patients who are suffering from AIDS?

Histoplasma capsulatum

___ ___ causes Darling's disease

Histoplasma capsulatum

what organism has a black yeast looking colony and is the causative agent of tinea nigra?

Hortaea werneckii

what stain is used as a routine stain for the direct examination of a fungal organism?

Lactophenol cotton blue

All of the following organisms cause Chromoblastomycosis EXCEPT?

Madurella grisea

which dermatophyte will grow poorly on the rice grain agar, is Wood's lamp positive, & micro & macroconidia are rarely seen?

Microsporum audouinii

what organism produces a yellow pigment on rice grain agar?

Microsporum canis

Historically Blastomycosis was endemic to which of the following geographic regions?

Mississippi Ohio River Valley

Indicate all of the disease processes that can be caused by dematiaceous orgamisms:

Mycetoma Chromoblastomycosis Phaeohyphomycosis

Which of the following actinomycotic organisms produces a "bread crumb" colony?

Nocardia brasiliensis

___ ___ causes Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

which systemic dimorphic fungus yeast phase looks like Mickey Mouse?

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

The eighth leading cause of death in Brazil is caused by which of the following dimorphic organisms?

Paracoccidioides lutzii

The hormone 12-beta estradiol, produced by women, blocks the conversion of the mold phase to the yeast phase in which of the following organisms make men more susceptible to these types of infections?

Paracoccidioides lutzii

Penicillium marneffei is endemic to Southeast Asia and is known to cause infections in which of the following patient populations?

Patients suffering from hematologic malagnancies

Which opportunistic fungus is hyaline, has both branched and unbranched conidiophores, and has secondary branches called metulae?

Penicillium spp.

Which of the following organisms is the third leading cause of Chromoblastomycosis? It is described as dematiaceous, having flask shaped phialides(vase of flowers), oval conidia and form in masses at the tips of the conidia?

Phialophora verrucosa

what dermatophyte is the most common cause of athlete's foot?

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

The microconidia of ___ ___ are usually tear-drop shaped & seen on the side of the hyphae

Trichophyton rubrum

what is a dematiaceous organism that causes dermatophytosis?

Trichophyton rubrum

what organism is considered the leading causes of tinea capitis in children?

Trichophyton tonsurans

Which of the following group of organisms has the ability to produce spores?

Zygomycetes

This dematiaceous fungus is a rapid grower, and has racquet looking conidia with both horizontal and vertical walls. It is also a causative agent of phaeohyphomycosis.

alternaria spp.

If an opportunistic fungus is suspected, what must be missing from the primary plating media to allow for it's growth?

antimicrobials

what are the three types of vegetative sporulation?

arthroconidia, chamydoconidia, & blastocondia

Which 2 species of Trichsporon are associated with invasive infections?

asahii & mucoides

___ is seen in the nodule of black piedra, caused by Piedraia hortae, when using 20% KOH

asci

Actinomycotic mycetoma is caused by which of the following?

bacteria

tinea ___ is infection of the facial hair

barbae

Which of the following is the vector associated with Histoplasma capsulatum?

bats

Coccidiomycosis is caused by the inhalation of arthrocondia and symptoms present within 7-21 days post exposure. Which patient population is most susceptible to acquiring disseminated coccidiomycosis?

black middle aged men

which stain requires the use of a fluorescent microscope?

calcofluor white stain

tinea ___ is infection of the scalp

capitis

the ___ ___ method is used for the microscopic examination of fugal cultures preserves the structures most effectively when taking them directly from the culture

cellophane tape method

The cell wall of fungal organisms is comprised of ___

chitin

Which of the following antibiotics is frequently added to selective media to inhibit the growth of bacterial contaminants and saprophytes?

chloramphenicol

What reproductive structure is seen in the sexual stage of Scedosporium boydii?

cleistothecia

Which of the following is the most virulent dimorphic fungi?

coccidioides immitis

what media is useful in promoting structural growth and pigment production?

corn meal agar

tinea ___ is infection of the trunk

corporis

Describe the typical colony texture of the Zygomycetes

cottony

the ___ texture has a high dense aerial mycelium & the ___ texture has low aerial hyphae

cottony & velvety

tinea ___ is infection of the pubic hair

curis

Which of the following antimibrobial agents is added to media to inhibit the growth of normal fungal flora?

cyclohexamide

Hyphae that appears dark brown to black is called?

dematiaceous

fungi are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and do or don't contain chlorophyll?

don't

___ is an infection of the outside of the hair shaft

exothrix

what are hyphae that have blunt ends & are branched?

favic chandeliers

what fungal bodies are found with Mycetoma?

granules

Trichosporon asahii can be fatal in patients who are suffering from which of the following?

hematological malignancy

Which of the following microscopic characteristics does Blastomyces dermatitidis have at both the mold and yeast phase?

lollipops & broad based budding conidia

Primary Blastomyces dermatitidis usually affects which of the following?

lungs & skin

Organisms that appear dematiaceous produce which of the following pigments?

melanin

what fungal bodies are found with Phaeohyphomycosis?

mycelium

The urease & hair perforation tests should be ____ for Trichophyton rubrum

negative

Histoplasma capsulatum prefers to grow in soil that is rich in which of the following nutrients?

nitrogen

what specialized culture requirements is needed to identify the organism that causes tinea versicolor?

overlay the media with oil

tinea ____ is infection of the soles of the feet

pedis

Which of the following media can be used to induce sporulation of the fungal organism?

potato flake agar

most of the opportunistic fungus have which growth rate?

rapid

what fungal body is found with Chromoblastomycosis?

sclerotic bodies

Which opportunistic fungus that is hyaline, has short simple conidiophoes that have conidia that are thick walled, round or lemon shaped and are rough and spiny?

scopulariopsis

Does Aspergillus have septate or aseptate hyphae?

septate

Hyphae that have visible transverse walls are described as being ___

septate

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis should be considered when which of the following are seen microscopically at the yeast phase?

ships wheels

a florist would be most susceptible to acquiring ____

sprotricosis

An infection that is characterized by nails becoming thick, discolored, and flakey is known as ___ __ & ___ ___

tinea unguium & onychomycosis

Which of the following is the most important reason to differentiate between a eumycotic mycetoma and an actinomycotic mycetoma?

treatment

what organism has a smooth cream looking colony & is the causative agent of white piedra?

trichosporon spp.

what species of the Trichophyton genus is acquired from having close contact with cattle?

verrucosum

Dimorphic molds are found in infected tissue in which of the following forms?

yeast form

Thermophilic or dimorphic organisms are found in the infected tissue in which form?

yeast phase

Which of the following stains/reagents is used as for a routine examination of a specimen for the indirect examination of a possible fungal organism?

10% KOH

Microsporum gypseum has around ___ cells in each fusiform macroconidia

6

Dimorphic fungus exhibit which of the following?

A mycelial phase at 25 o to 30 o C and a yeast phase at 35 o to 37 o C

what organism, that causes an eumycotic white grain mycetoma, can produce a pink colony?

Acremonium species

Which of the following species of Aspergillus produces the mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1?

Aspergillus flavus

What is the reason we see Nocardia growing on fungal media rather than bacterial media?

Because fungal cultures are kept longer

Which of the following organisms causes chronic granulomatous disease?

Blastomyces dermatitidis

___ __ causes Glichrist disease

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Identify the organisms that are known to cause primary systemic mycosis.

Coccidioides immitis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Penicillium marneffei

Histoplasma capsulatum variation duboisii is endemic to which geographic region?

Central Africa

what type of infection can result in the formation of cauliflower lesions?

Chromoblastomycosis

Which of the following can be used to differentiate Cladophialophora carrionii from Cladophialophora bantiana?

Cladophialophora carrionii produces shield cells and causes Chromoblastomycosis

Which of the following organisms is the leading cause of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis?

Cladophialophoria bantiana

Which dimorphic systemic fungus will grow only in tissue at 37 o C and not in the laboratory?

Coccidioides immitis

___ ___ causes valley fever

Coccidioides immitis

Slide cultures should never be made on which of the following dimorphic organisms?

Coccidioides immitis & Blastomyces dermatitidis

___ ____ is in the San Juaquin Valley, __ ___ is in Arizona/Texas/Mexico/South & Central America

Coccidioides immitis, Coccidioides posadasii,

what organism produces a characteristic "beavers tail" macroconidia?

Epidermophyton floccosum

Which of the following organisms can cause phaehyphomycosis in cystic fibrosis patients?

Exophiala dermatitidis

T or F. Streptomyces is the only actinomycotic organism that is partially acid fast.

F

Which hyaline opportunistic fungus has a large sickle or canoe-like macroconidia?

Fusarium sp.

Which of the following media is used to enhance the conversion of a mold to yeast(dimorphic)?

Sabouraud Heart Infusion agar or BHIA

Which of the following best describes the colony morphology of Sporothrix schenckii at the mold phase?

Salt and pepper front with a dark reverse

Which of the following thermophilic dimorphic fungus produces oval or elongated cigar shape conidia in yeast form?

Sporothrix schenckii