Clinical Psych Chapter 7 & 8

. _____ refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client, or an interpersonal "connection" as perceived by the client. A. Rapport B. Verbal tracking C. Nondirective interviewing D. Directive interviewing

A. Rapport

Effective interviewers are skilled at _____, or repeating key words and phrases back to their clients to ensure the clients that they have been accurately heard. A. verbal tracking B. eye contact C. developing positive relationships D. quieting themselves

A. verbal tracking

Based on the textbook, which of the following is NOT a revision to a mental disorder that was included in DSM-5? A. The "bereavement exclusion" included in the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode was dropped. B. Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger's disorder. C. The age at which symptoms must first appear in individuals diagnosed with ADHD was changed from 7 to 12 years old. D. The frequency of binges required for bulimia nervosa was decreased to once per week.

B. Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger's disorder.

An element common to all kinds of psychological assessment is _____, which may take the form of a face-to-face meeting or written report. A. coaching B. feedback C. clinical utility D. validity

B. feedback

. Interviewers use _____ questions when they notice discrepancies or inconsistencies in a client's comments. A. open-ended B. closed-ended C. clarification D. confrontation

D. confrontation

Which edition of the DSM was the first to rely heavily on empirical data to determine which diagnoses to include?

DSM-III

All editions of the DSM have been published by the _____. A. American Psychiatric Association B. American Psychological Association C. American Psychological Society D. American Counseling Association

A. American Psychiatric Association

DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms. Which of the following is NOT a criticism discussed in the textbook? A. DSM-5 was not expanded enough, and as a result the current edition includes approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition. B. While developing DSM-5, the authors were selective and vague with information they shared with the general public. C. The membership of Work Groups was composed primarily of researchers, not clinicians. D. DSM-5's price is significantly higher than that of previous editions.

A. DSM-5 was not expanded enough, and as a result the current edition includes approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition.

An important skill for a clinical interviewer is _____, which is best described as the ability to know how he tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him. A. being self-aware B. developing positive working relationships C. establishing rapport D. quieting yourself

A. being self-aware

Positive working relationships with clients A. can be developed using attentive listening, appropriate empathy, and genuine respect. B. are not dependent on the interviewer's attitude and actions. C. should be established immediately for assessments but over time for therapy. D. are required for clients who self-pay but only recommended for those who use insurance.

A. can be developed using attentive listening, appropriate empathy, and genuine respect.

Dr. Murphy, a clinical neuropsychologist, is conducting a clinical interview in which the primary purpose is to assign a label from the current DSM to the patient. In other words, Dr. Murphy is conducting a _____. A. diagnostic interview B. mental status exam C. intake interview D. crisis interview

A. diagnostic interview

Interviewers who use a _____ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it. A. directive B. nondirective C. rapport-building D. evidence-based

A. directive

Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual A. either has or does not have a disorder. B. has every disorder to some extent. C. can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time. D. can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category, such as depressive disorders or anxiety disorders.

A. either has or does not have a disorder.

Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including that it A. facilitates easier communication between professionals. B. forces professionals to think categorically. C. promotes sharper problem solving abilities. D. is easily adapted into a dimensional model of diagnosis.

A. facilitates easier communication between professionals.

Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of _____. A. harmful dysfunction B. the unconscious C. aberrant behavior D. categorical disorder

A. harmful dysfunction

The type of clinical interview that is most often conducted in medical settings for the primary purpose of quickly assessing a client's current level of functioning is the _____. A. mental status exam B. crisis interview C. diagnostic interview D. intake interview

A. mental status exam

The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories that are: A. psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders. B. internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders. C. primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders. D. Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders.

A. psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders.

According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider A. scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior. B. the social constructs that regulate behavior and thought. C. cognitive contributions to irregular behaviors. D. behavioral, as well as psychoanalytic, components of abnormality.

A. scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior.

Dr. Rosen, a clinical psychologist in private practice, likes to combine elements of a structured interview and an unstructured interview with his patients. By blending these two approaches, Dr. Rosen is using what is known as a(n) _____ interview. A. semistructured B. bi-dimensional C. eclectic D. two-point

A. semistructured

In recent years, the most prominent structured interview has been _____. A. the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders B. the Acute Stress Disorder Interview C. the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule—Revised D. the Bipolar Disorder Structured Clinical Interview

A. the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders

Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that _____ serve(s) as the basis for the dimensions. A. the five-factor model of personality B. cognitive thought distortion categories C. Holland's typologies D. the Myers-Briggs types

A. the five-factor model of personality

Devlin and Nasar (2012) found that therapists and nonprofessionals asked to rate pictures of offices preferred clinicians' offices that A. were orderly, spacious, and contained comfortable seats B. featured bright lightening and personal photos. C. were smaller in size, creating an intimate atmosphere. D. arranged the furniture so the therapist could sit behind the client.

A. were orderly, spacious, and contained comfortable seats

DSM-5 contains a list of "unofficial" disorders that are not yet diagnosable. In what section of DSM-5 are these proposed disorders listed? A. Disorders for Further Consideration B. Emerging Measures and Models C. Proposed Criteria Groups D. Initial Disorders for Discovery

B. Emerging Measures and Models

_____ is how an interviewer is with clients, while _____ is what an interviewer does with clients. A. Technique, rapport B. Rapport, technique C. Internal preparation, external preparation D. External preparation, internal preparation

B. Rapport, technique

_____ of clinical psychologists use clinical interviews as part of their assessment processes. A. About half B. The vast majority C. About 25% D. Less than 5%

B. The vast majority

It is important for clinical interviewers to appreciate how communication styles tend to differ across cultures. For example, A. Asian Americans tend to speak more loudly than Whites. B. Whites tend to speak more quickly than Native Americans. C. Hispanic Americans tend to speak more loudly than Whites. D. Asian Americans are more inclined to hold eye contact than Whites.

B. Whites tend to speak more quickly than Native Americans.

Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking are specific types of _____. A. behavioral psychotherapy techniques B. attending behaviors C. rapport enhancers D. nonverbal interviewing

B. attending behaviors

Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-5 (2013), the definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968) A. contains more specific diagnostic criteria. B. contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis. C. lists more specific quantities and timeframes. D. is essentially the same; there is little difference between the two definitions.

B. contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis.

In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the _____ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the _____ disorders. A. dimensional, anxiety B. dimensional, personality C. multiaxial, mood D. medical model, eating

B. dimensional, personality

The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology. This means that A. each mental disorder is a by-product of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain. B. each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms. C. medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders. D. psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication.

B. each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms.

Attenuated psychosis syndrome A. is not mentioned in the current DSM. B. is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM. C. is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM. D. is included in the current DSM as a subtype of major depressive disorder.

B. is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM.

Internet gaming disorder A. is a new diagnosis included in DSM-5. B. is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of DSM-5. C. has diagnostic criteria that were revised from DSM-IV to DSM-5. D. is diagnosed when an individual uses income from stolen goods to pay for online gaming memberships.

B. is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of DSM-5.

A clinical psychologist A. should always take written notes during an interview. B. must obtain written permission to videotape an interview. C. should position himself behind a stately desk while conducting an interview. D. should use an iPad for notetaking, since research supports it is accepted better by clients than a laptop.

B. must obtain written permission to videotape an interview.

Interviewers who use a _____ style of interviewing allow the client to determine the course of the interview. A. directive B. nondirective C. rapport-building D. evidence-based

B. nondirective

Whereas a _____ echoes the client's words, a _____ echoes the client's emotions. A. paraphrase, confrontation B. paraphrase, reflection of feeling C. clarification, reflection of feeling D. conclusion, reflection of feeling

B. paraphrase, reflection of feeling

Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to people from North America or Britain, people of Middle Eastern or Latino/Latina cultures tend to A. prefer a greater amount of personal space. B. prefer a smaller amount of personal space. C. expect the clinical interviewer to offer food or drink during the interviewer. D. view the clinical interviewer as an expert.

B. prefer a smaller amount of personal space.

DSM-5 was created by A. soliciting and summarizing public opinion on which disorders in DSM-IV should be eliminated. B. prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups. C. the American Counseling Association. D. the same organization that publishes the International Classification of Diseases.

B. prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups.

DSM-I and DSM-II A. were empirically based. B. reflected a psychoanalytic orientation. C. included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder. D. offered significant generalizability and clinical utility.

B. reflected a psychoanalytic orientation.

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was A. the diagnosis of prisoners. B. the collection of statistical and census data. C. compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies. D. to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy.

B. the collection of statistical and census data.

DSM-III A. contained less disorders than DSM-II. B. was significantly longer in length that DSM-II. C. emphasized psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspectives. D. introduced the General Adaptation Scale, which clinicians used to rate patients' health on a 100-point scale.

B. was significantly longer in length that DSM-II.

Recent editions of the DSM, including DSM-5, have received numerous criticisms. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook? A. The breadth of coverage of recent DSMs was expanded too much. B. The cut-offs that separate those who qualify for disorders from those who do not are often arbitrary rather than empirically based. C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias. D. Nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces, may have too much influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.

C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias.

In the United States, what is the most up-to-date, prevailing diagnostic guide for mental health professionals? A. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition B. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition C. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 6th Edition

C. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Hippocrates identified an imbalance in _____ as the source of abnormality. A. the ego B. spiritual harmony C. bodily fluids D. the unconscious

C. bodily fluids

All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis. A. dimensional B. symptom- or criteria-based C. categorical D. multiaxial

C. categorical

Of all the available assessment procedures, clinical psychologists rely most frequently on the _____. A. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale B. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children C. clinical interview D. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

C. clinical interview

A(n) _____ interview is a special type of clinical interview designed not only to assess a problem demanding urgent attention, but also to provide immediate intervention for the problem. A. diagnostic B. informal C. crisis D. abbreviated

C. crisis

Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to traditional Western culture, Asian cultures tends to feature A. more eye contact. B. more eye contact between members of the opposite sex. C. less physical touch. D. more physical touch.

C. less physical touch.

. Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as _____ in DSM-5. A. upcoming diagnoses B. research disorders C. proposed criteria sets D. culture-bound syndromes

C. proposed criteria sets

A(n) _____ interview is a predetermined, planned sequences of questions that an interviewer asks a client. By contrast, a(n) _____ interview is improvised and involves no predetermined questions. A. primary, secondary B. secondary, primary C. structured, unstructured D. unstructured, structured

C. structured, unstructured

In the mid-1900s, _____ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM. A. NATO B. the World Health Organization C. the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration D. the European Psychiatric Association

C. the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration

In the context of the clinical interview, the term quieting yourself is best described as A. the client's efforts to remain quiet in order to fully attend to the interviewer's questions. B. the interviewer's efforts to control the volume of his speaking voice to match that of the client. C. the interviewer's efforts to control his own internal, self-directed thinking pattern in order to enhance listening. D. the interviewer's policy of remaining entirely silent during the interview in order to facilitate transference.

C. the interviewer's efforts to control his own internal, self-directed thinking pattern in order to enhance listening.

_____, a new disorder in DSM-5, is described by some as frequent temper tantrums in children from 6 to 18 years of age. A. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder B. Mild neurocognitive disorder C. Somatic symptom disorder D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to enhance rapport in a clinical interview? A. Efforts by the interviewer to put the client at ease, especially at the beginning of the interview B. Acknowledgment by the interviewer that the clinical interview is a unique, unusual situation C. Efforts by the interviewer to notice how the client uses language, and then following the client's lead D. Excessive small talk used to distract the client from the awkwardness of the interview

D. Excessive small talk used to distract the client from the awkwardness of the interview

Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder? A. It is clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. B. It is dysfunction in mental functioning. C. It is usually associated with significant distress or disability. D. It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population.

D. It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population.

Loraine is a clinical psychology graduate student conducting her first clinical interview with a client. While her client describes reasons for seeking treatment, Loraine finds herself distracted by internal thoughts such as, "What questions should I ask next?" and "When is the project due for my linear regression class?" In this instance, Loraine has the opportunity to improve which general skill of clinical interviewing? A. Being self-aware B. Developing positive working relationships C. Eye contact D. Quieting yourself

D. Quieting yourself

Dr. Huckabee is conducting a clinical interview with Megan. At the end of the interview, he ties together various topics that Megan discussed, connecting statements she made at various points, and identifies themes in the information she has provided. Which of the following techniques is Dr. Huckabee using? A. Paraphrasing B. Reflection of feeling C. Clarification D. Summarizing

D. Summarizing

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Although many publications print the newest diagnostic manual's title as DSM-5, the correct printing requires a Roman numeral (DSM-V). B. As with previous editions, the current edition of the DSM instructs clinicians to provide multiaxial diagnoses. C. The current DSM requires a GAF score to accompany all diagnoses. D. The current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system.

D. The current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system.

DSM-III differed from its predecessors in all of the following significant ways EXCEPT that it A. introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system. B. listed specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders. C. featured a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus. D. emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives.

D. emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives.

To develop rapport during a clinical interview, an interviewer should do all of the following EXCEPT A. make an effort to put the client at ease. B. acknowledge the unique, unusual situation of the interview. C. notice how the client uses language and follow the client's lead. D. gently correct the client when he uses metaphors incorrectly.

D. gently correct the client when he uses metaphors incorrectly.

Dr. Harris, a clinical psychologist, is interviewing a client with the primary purpose of determining whether the agency where Dr. Harris works can provide the services required by this client. In other words, Dr. Harris is conducting a(n) _____. A. mental status exam B. structured interview C. diagnostic interview D. intake interview

D. intake interview

Communication styles often differ between men and women. For example, A. women tend to use talk to assert themselves and achieve goals, whereas men tend to use talk to build relationships. B. women tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas men tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness. C. men tend to use talk to build relationships, whereas women tend to use talk to demean their competitors. D. men tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas women tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness.

D. men tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas women tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness.

The DSM is primarily authored by _____. A. social workers B. counselors C. psychologists D. psychiatrists

D. psychiatrists

The _____ approach to diagnosis examines where on a continuum a client's symptoms fall.

Dimensional

What central feature of DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-TR was eliminated in DSM-5?

The multiaxial diagnostic system

The DSM reflects a _____ model of psychopathology.

medical, categorical