clinical psych chapters 11-12

According to a survey of experts in the field of clinical psychology (Norcross, Pfund, & Prochaska, 2013), which of the following is likely to happen in the near future?

A rise in the use of cognitive and behavioral approaches to psychotherapy

Which of the following best defines a defense mechanism?

An attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego

Some empirical evidence does exist for particular components of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Which of the following components has/have empirical support?

Both interpretation of transference and countertransference reactions

Clarissa dreams she is a platypus flopping about on a never-ending sandy beach while the bright sun slowly bakes her to a crisp. Dr. Siggie, her psychologist, explains that the never-ending beach represents her inability to emotionally escape from an abusive relationship, and the sun represents the abuser. What is the manifest content in this scenario?

Clarissa as a platypus flopping about on a beach

_____, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, is the therapist's unconscious tendency to interact with clients as if the client is very similar to an individual from the therapist's own personal history.

Countertransference

Among the following individuals, who would be most likely to support a prescriptive approach to therapy?

Dianne Chambless

The dodo bird verdict has been challenged by some psychotherapy researchers, including _____.

Dianne Chambless

Dr. James "forgets" to unlock the front door to his office on a Saturday when his only patient is Millie, a loud, disagreeable woman who often yells during therapy sessions. According to the psychodynamic school of thought, Dr. James has committed a _____.

Freudian slip

The tripartite model, a theory related to the measurement of psychotherapy outcome, was created by _____

Hans Strupp

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of psychodynamic psychotherapy

Has generally decreased

_____ is a variation of IPT developed for patients with bipolar disorder.

Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy

_____ is a contemporary variation of psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Interpersonal therapy

Which of the following statements about free association is NOT true?

It asks clients to say the first word that comes to mind after the therapist speaks a word.

Freud's psychodynamic psychotherapy has been reinvented in many forms, including all of the following EXCEPT

Jung's associative psychology.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about how well psychodynamic therapy works?

Many studies, including meta-analyses, indicate that psychodynamic treatment is generally beneficial

Which of the following lists Freud's psychosexual stages in the correct order?

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Researchers have examined to what extent practitioners use treatments supported by efficacy studies. What did they find?

Practitioners often cited their clinical experience, not efficacy studies, as a top factor in treatment selection.

Psychodynamic psychotherapy refers broadly to the approach created by _____ and including all subsequent adaptations or expansions of it.

Sigmund Freud

Free association is to _____ as word association is to _____.

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung

an example of an effectiveness study is:

The 1995 psychotherapy study published in Consumer Reports magazine

psychotherapy

The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists

The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is

The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is to make the unconscious conscious

Whose opinion should researchers seek

The tripartite model was developed to address which question related to psychotherapy research?

When a client's preference for type of psychotherapy is honored, it

can enhance the therapy relationship and outcome.

Based on the textbook, researchers have measured the outcome of psychotherapy by doing all of the following

comparing hemoglobin levels between those with and without mental disorders.

In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), a patient in the _____ stage is aware that a problem exists, considering doing something to address it, but is not ready to commit to any real effort in that direction.

contemplation

According to psychodynamic psychotherapists, fixation at the oral stage can result in problems related to _____ later in life, fixation at the anal stage can result in problems related to _____ later in life, and fixation at the phallic stage can result in problems related to _____ later in life.

dependency, control, self-worth

Reaction formation is a defense mechanism characterized by

doing the opposite of the unconscious wish

According to the psychodynamic approach, the process by which the latent content of a dream is converted into manifest content is called _____.

dream work

A(n) _____ approach to psychotherapy involves selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients.

eclectic

The extent to which a psychotherapy works in "real-world" settings (such as clinics, private practices, and hospitals) is best described as the _____ of that form of psychotherapy

effectiveness

Dr. Harbinger is studying a new psychotherapy treatment for depression. He carefully screens potential participants to make sure they fit strict diagnostic criteria and randomly assigns them to a treatment or control group. He is most likely conducting a(n) _____ study

efficacy

The extent to which a psychotherapy works in a controlled research setting with well-defined groups of patients is best described as the _____ of that form of psychotherapy

efficacy

According to psychodynamic theory, the _____ is the part of the mind that generates defense mechanisms.

ego

When a patient is asked to engage in _____, the patient's task is to verbalize any thought that comes to mind, no matter how nonsensical, inappropriate, illogical, or unimportant it may seem.

free association

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the humanistic orientation to psychotherapy

has decreased in popularity from the late 1980s to present.

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of cognitive therapy

has increased

According to psychodynamic theory, the _____ is the part of the mind that generates all pleasure-seeking, selfish, indulgent, animalistic impulses.

id

A recent survey of clinical psychologists (Norcross & Karpiak, 2012) found that the format of psychotherapy that was practiced by the highest percentage of clinical psychologists was _____.

individual

The term _____ succinctly captures the primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy.

insight

A(n) _____ approach to psychotherapy involves blending techniques in order to create an entirely new, hybrid form of therapy.

integrative

Compared to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, brief psychodynamic psychotherapy script.

involves a more narrow focus on specific clinical problems.

Relative to its prominence in the early and mid-1900s, psychodynamic psychotherapy is currently

less prominent

According to the psychodynamic approach, the actual plot of a dream as the dreamer remembers it is the _____.

manifest content

_____ statistically combines the results of many separate studies to create numerical representations of the effects of psychotherapy as tested across massive numbers of settings, therapists, and patients

meta-analysis

The tripartite model, created by Hans Strupp and colleagues, essentially suggests that

multiple parties may have meaningful and potentially inconsistent views of psychotherapy outcome.

Psychotherapy outcome researchers have proposed that _____, the nature of the relationship between client and psychotherapist, is a common factor across diverse forms of psychotherapy.

positive expectations

a strategy for disseminating psychotherapy treatments supported by efficacy research in which groups of researchers and practitioners collaborate throughout the research process is known as _____.

practice-oriented research

Over the past three months, Jennifer's family has repeatedly expressed concern about her abuse of alcohol. Jennifer refuses to acknowledge that problems have arisen from her drinking, and she clearly states she has no desire to change her behaviors. In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), Jennifer is in the _____ stage.

precontemplation

An approach to psychotherapy in which specific therapy techniques are viewed as the treatment of choice for specific disorders is best described as the _____ approach

prescriptive

_____ is the defense mechanism in which the ego projects an id impulse onto other people around us.

projection

Of the following approaches to psychotherapy, which most heavily relies on inferential methods?

psychodynamic

The "blank screen" role of the psychotherapist is most important to _____ psychotherapists.

psychodynamic

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the results of the thousands of psychotherapy efficacy studies that have been conducted?

psychotherapy works

Displacement is a defense mechanism characterized by

redirecting the unconscious wish toward a safer target.

Chiles et al. (1999) conducted a review of over 90 studies of the effect of psychotherapy on medical costs and found that, in comparison to clients receiving no psychotherapy, clients receiving psychotherapy

reduced their need for emergency room visits.

Ron is a psychotherapy client who senses that certain unconscious material will soon be exposed. This makes him anxious, so he abruptly changes the subject and then misses his next appointment. Ron's psychodynamic psychotherapist is likely to understand Ron's actions as _____.

resistance

When clients sense that certain unconscious thoughts and feelings are being laid bare too extensively or too quickly, they create distractions or obstacles that impede the exploration of those thoughts and feelings. This is known as _____.

resistance

Compared to effectiveness studies, efficacy studies of psychotherapy outcome

stronger internal validity

Of all defense mechanisms, _____ is typically considered to be the most mature or healthy by psychodynamic psychotherapists.

sublimination

According to psychodynamic theory, the _____ is the part of the mind that establishes rules, restrictions, and prohibitions

superego

The correct order of Lambert and Ogles's (2004) three-stage sequential model of common factors is

support, learning, action.

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the most commonly endorsed psychotherapy orientation

the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed.

In addition to effectiveness and efficacy, other ways to measure psychotherapy outcome include

the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy, but not medical cost offset.

After a psychodynamic therapist makes an interpretation to a client, it can take many sessions for the client to incorporate that interpretation into his thinking and behavior. That post-interpretation period is often called _____.

the working-through process

The primary finding of Hans Eysenck's 1952 review of psychotherapy outcome studies was that

therapy was of little benefit

Despite the overwhelming evidence offered by efficacy studies,

there has yet to be a corresponding effectiveness study that supports their findings

In _____, the therapist's primary task is to identify the "script" that the client appears to be unknowingly following, which is likely to be based on previous important relationships, and to refuse to enact that script in the therapeutic relationship.

time-limited dynamic therapy

Barlow's development of a unified protocol is an example of a(n)_____ approach to psychotherapy efficacy studies

transdiagnostic

Taking a(n) _____ approach to psychotherapy efficacy studies means attempting to identify and treat the underlying pathology that causes symptoms across related disorders.

transdiagnostic

Juan has formed a psychotherapy relationship with his clinical psychologist in which Juan unconsciously and unrealistically expects the psychologist to behave like Juan's mother. Juan's situation best illustrates _____.

transference

_____ occurs when a patient forms a relationship with a therapist in which he unconsciously and unrealistically expects the therapist to behave like important people in his life.

transference

The "dodo bird verdict" refers to the finding that

various forms of psychotherapy are about equally beneficial.

The term common factors refers to the idea that

various forms of psychotherapy work about equally well because of fundamental, shared components.

When a patient is asked to engage in _____, the therapist presents the patient with a word, and the patient is to respond with the first word that comes to mind.

word association

When a psychodynamic therapy patient does not immediately accept his analyst's interpretation, the analyst may need to repeat the interpretation across multiple sessions before it is fully accepted. This process is known as _____.

working through