Clinical Psych exam 1 (Ford)

Which of these phrases regarding harm to others might lead a psychologist to believe that a client's risk for harm to others is imminent?

"today at 3:00pm....I will...."

The ethics code has changed over time to address relevant societal and cultural changes. Which of these are goals of the revisions? 1. Express the best ethical practices in the field as judged by a sample of APA membera 2. to influence the ethical conduct of psychologists by meriting widespread identification and acceptance among members of the discipline 3. to govern the public's understanding of psychology as a field

1 and 2

Which of these is true? 1. Marriage and family therapist primarily work with families in which one member has problems that impact the rest of the family, such as chronic depressions, anxiety, dementia, or schizophrenia. 2. Most licensced professional counselors have a master's degree, and there are a wide range of both accredited and unaccredited programs that train counselors. 3. Counseling psychologist examine mental processes that help one naviagte the world around them, with a focus on memory, language, perception, and decision making for instance.

1 and 2

Which of these is true? 1. Convergent and discriminant are both subcategories of construct validity 2. Face reliability is an important piece in establishing the accuracy of an assessment instrument because if different interviewers assessing the same person cannot come up with the same results, the instrument cannot possibly be measuring what it is intended to measure 3. Predictive validity is defined as the extent to which a test can be used to forecast future behavior

1 and 3

Which of these is true? 1. the scientist practitioner model is the predominant training model for clinical psychologist 2. The doctor of psychology degree is an advacned degree is psychology that involves an original research contribution to the field in the form of a doctoral model 3. The psychology interjurisdictional compact is an interstate agreement developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate the practice and the temporary in person, face to face practice of psychology across state lines

1 and 3

Which of these true? 1. In contrast to the Rorschch and Thematic Appreception test, the minnesota multiplastic personality inventory was an objective self report test whose major function was attaching psychiatric labels to clients 2. Internal and face validity are both requirements of construct validity 3. If an IQ test has a good convergent validity, it correlates with other tests that assess IQ

1 and 3

Which of these is true? 1. Because of their training in understanding human behavior and skills in human relations, many clinical psychologists make good administrators who keep their organization running smoothly and efficiently. 2. The subfield of social psychology is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral, neurological, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness. 3. Clinical supervision is a form of diagnosis that involves close one on one work with an individual or a small group of trainees.

1 only

Which of these is true? 1. Clinical psychologist may not see clients without supervision until they are licensed within a particular state, province, or territory 2. A candidate for doctoral programs must pass the American Board of professional psychology exam parts 1 and 2, before being issued a PhD 3. Generally, psychologist are only permitted to practice in states where they hold an active board certification

1 only

What are the occasions in which a psychologist may have to breach confidentiality? 1. A third party payer demands access to a clients treatment records for review 2. The psychologist is subpoenaed by the court 3. The client may soon attempt to harm themselves

1, 2, and 3

Which of these is true? 1. A credential that is important for evidence-based psychological assessments is validity-the extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure 2. The stronger the evidence for reliability and validity, the more confident psychologists can be in their conclusions 3. Psychometric evaluation is defined as a process in which the developer subjects assessment instruments to rigorous statistical analyses to determine whether they meet certain standards

1, 2, and 3

Though laws vary among states, generally persons under the age of _____ years are not offered confidentiaality

16

In what decade did universities begin investing resources into undergraduate and graduate training in psychology?

1960s

Which of these is true? 1. Most licensed psychologist have a terminal master's degree and there are a wide range of both accredited and unaccredited programs that train psychologists. 2. Counseling psychologist may work together to measure academic abilities, personality, interests, and vocational aptitude. 3. Developmental psychologists examine how psychological processes change as one matures, seeking an understanding of how one's cognitive, social, moral, emotional, or intellectual abilities, for instance, may evolve as one progresses through life stages and interacts with one's environment in more sophisticated ways.

2 and 3

Which of these is true? 1. Standardization is defined as the extent to which a test can be used to forecast future behavior 2. Researchers establish the internal consistency of tests by administering the test to large groups of individuals and deriving a statistic called alpha 3. Scientific approaches to assessment can be traced back to the first intelligence tests developed in France by Alfred Binet in the early 20th century

2 and 3

Which of these statements is true? 1. Psychologists should not speak about their research or practice on the radio or television under any circumstances 2. Speaking about psychological research or practice on television may help viewers to undertsnad psychological services and even seek services 3. If speaking on television, a psychologist should make statements that are consistent with the Ethics code

2 and 3

Which of these is true? 1. Devlopmental psychologist may work to measure academic abilities, personality, interests, and vocational aptitude. 2. Social workers tend to have intense involvement with the everyday lives and stresses of their patient and may visit the home, the workplace, or other environments where their patients spend the bulk of their lives. 3. Psychiatrists generally regard mental health problems as socially based illnesses BEST treated by a community-focused approach, and thus us a fundamentally different approach than that of a psychiatric nurse.

2 only

In the United States, at least _____% of the population have a mental health disorder

25

Which of these is true? 1. Within the clinical science training model, students not only receive clinical training, but also conduct assessment with their faculty mentors. 2. In 1896, at the University of Pennsylvania, Carl rogers opened the first psychological clinic, which was dedicated to helping children with learning disabilities. 3. One important development in clinical psychology has been the emphasis on evidence-based practice, which integrates the BEST available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.

3 only

Dr. Polatzka is a professor in a scientist-practitioner model training program and is critical of the practitioner-scholar models. Assuming Dr. Polatzka agreees with academic clinical psychologists, what is their largest critique of practitioner-scholar model?

A PhD should not be granted without a substantial amount of research training

Psychologist and physicians are trained to "do no harm". This is consistent with the American Psychological Association's general principle of

Beneficence and nonmaleficence

Which of these is NOT an assertion of the scientist practitioner model?

Clinical psychologist shall achieve competence during the post doctoral fellowship, rather than during graduate training

Which of these is the study of mental processes, for example, memory, language, perception, and decision making?

Cognitive psychology

Dr. Silantri is a licensed psychologist in a rural town in Arkansas, and their primary training is in providing psychotherapy to adult clients. Dr. Silantri is asked to provide therapy for a young child who is suffering from sever anxiety related to attending school. Which ethical concept should Dr. Silantri consider as he makes his decision?

Competence

There are limits to ____ that require clinical psychologist to act, even against the client's wishes if need be

Confidentiality

Which of these is the first step in the psychological assessment process?

Determine the reason for referral and presenting problem

_____ validity is defined as the extent to which interview scores do not correlate with measures other than those related to the construct being measured

Discriminant

The doctor of philosophy degree is advanced degree in psychology that involves an original research contribution to the field in the form of a doctoral

Dissertation

_____ occurs when a psychologist has any type of affiliation with the client outside the therapeutic context

Dual relationships

Lingyun is reviewing the APA's Discipline-Specific Knowledge for Accreditation of Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program's requirements to ensure that they have the requisite knowledge to complete a PhD. Which of these would NOT be important to review?

Health psychology

____ can be assessed statistically by examining how much scores on a particular test add explanatory value to an existing regression model predicting the characteristic of interest

Incremental validity

____ is one of the five general ethical principles stating that all persons are entitled to access to and benefit from the profession of psychology

Justice

A young man with schizophrenia is struggling in his relationship with his parents. He is having trouble seeking support from family members around his psychiatric symptoms. What type of provider would be BEST suited for the young man?

Marriage and family therapist

A client invites their therapist to their birthday party, described as a gathering of 10 of their closets friends. Can the therapist attend?

No this would constitute a dual relationship and introduce a likely breach of confidentiality and privacy

Consistent with medical tradition, ______ generally regard mental health problems and disorders as biologically based illnesses with specific causes that are BEST treated using medical approaches, such as medications and electrical or magnetic stimulation of particular brain regions.

Psychiatrists

What is the largest difference in training to become a physician versus training to become a clinical psychologist?

Psychologist prepare a dissertation, whereas physicians do not

Which of these is the study of statistical procedures used in psychological procedures?

Quantitative psychology

A friend states that anyone should be able to practice clinical psychology, and there should not be educational requirements or monitoring by state boards. Which of these is NOT a reason why regulation is helpful?

Regulation ensures that psychologist can never conduct sessions without supervision of a physician

Which of these is the study of how individuals interact within groups?

Social psychology

______ are more likely to visit the home, the workplace, or other environments where the patients spend the bulk of their lives. Their role tends to be active, and they are less concerned with the abstract, theoretical generalizations that can be drawn from a particular case than they are with the practical matters of living.

Social workers

____ ensures that anyone taking a test has the same experience and scoring criteria which allows psychologists to compare scores across different people

Standardization

___ include precise directions for administering, scoring, and interpreting the assessment

Standardized tests

Clinical psychologist spend time helping students develop expertise in psychological assessment and treatment in individual or small groups. What is the term for this professional activity?

Supervision

Which of these is NOT required of mental health workers?

Teach students how to conduct psychotherapy

A Florida law granted the authority to judges, law enforcement officials, physicians, and mental health professionals to involuntarily admit individuals who are suicidal for an emergency psychiatric evaluation. This is now known as

baker act

Which of these is the study of the biology of behavior, including how the brain regulates behavior?

behavioral neuroscience

The ethical principle ____ suggets that psychologists should "do no harm"

beneficence and nonmaleficence

Which of these is NOT a common requirement for licensure as a psychologist?

board certification

_____ can be earned through verification of one's credentials as well as the submission of recorded samples of interactions with clients, a written statement regarding professional expertise and handling of clinical cases, and successful completion of an oral examination conducted by three expert peers

board certification

Which types of training programs are for students who want a professional license to practice independently?

clinical psychology counseling psychology school psychology

Psychologists often will provide _____ documents to a client at the start of services and read through them together, answering questions along the way and addressing any fears or misconceptions that clients might have

consent

What changes have influenced changes to the ethics code over time?

cultural changes political changes legal changes

_____ is the legal requirement that researchers explain to participants the purpose, importance, and results of the research following their participation

debriefing

____ occurs when the purpose of the research or the meaning of a participant's responses is withheld so as to not influence the participant's repsonse

deception

____ is defined as the extent to which interview scores ____ correlate with measures other than those related to the construct being measured

discriminant validity; do not

If an IQ test has ____, then it _____ correlate with tests of characteristics other than IQ

discriminant validity; does not

A client shares with you that they have started dating someone, and after hearing the description, you suspect that the person they are seeing is a close friend of yours. This is a possible example of

dual relationships

Counseling psychology programs are typically based in departments of

education

Clinical psychologists trained in a scientist practitioner programs select treatments based on

empirical evidence

Compared to cross-sectional research designs, longitudinal research designs

enable investigators to better speculate about time-order relationships

____ assessments are instruments with demonstrated reliability, validity, and standardization

evidence based

Which of these specialties within the practice of psychology focus on deriving principles of individual, group, and professional behavior, and applying this knowledge to the solution of problems at work?

industrial and organizational psychology

A psychologist is working with a spanish speaking client and the psychologist is using an interpreter during sessions. it is important that the psychologist disvuss the role of the interpreter during the discussion of

informed consent

Measures with good ____ are desirable because they have items that all contribute in a meaningful way to assessing the characteristic of interest

internal consistency

If different interviewers assessing the same person cannot come up with the same results, the concept of ____ holds that the instrument cannot possibly be measuring what it is intended to measure

interrater reliability

When different interviewers assessing the same person cannot come up with the same or similar results, the instrument cannot possibly be measuring what it is intended to measure. This is an example of measure with poor

interrater reliability

Copared to actuarial prediction, clinical judgment

is a subjective form of decision making

The Vail Model

led to the creation of the Doctor of Psychology degree

Which of these would NOT be included as part of an informed consent document for a research study?

limitations of competence

Compared to longitudinal research methods, cross-sectional research methods

might involve determining correlations between variables in a single group of participants

Psychologists trained in scientist practitioner programs will be able to

practice with skill and sensitivity contribute to clinical knowledge by translating experience into testable hypotheses know how to test hypothesis

Researchers establish _____ using longitudinal studies in which they administer a particular test at some point in time and then examine how well scores on that test are correlated with some characteristics in the future

predictive reliability

Which of these would NOT be a responsibility of a school psychologist?

prescribing medications to students for behavioral difficulties

Which of these might a clinical psychologist do?

provide comprehensive mental health care for families provide clinical supervision conduct research to inform practice

An assessment report usually begins with a discussion of the reason for ____ along with background information and history to set the context for the assessment

referral

The consistency with which the test measures a particular variable, such as anxiety, intelligence, or extraversion, is known as

reliability

In order to prepare for applications to clinical psychology PhD programs, a student takes courses in ____ and ____ to demonstrate their readiness for graduate school

research methods; psychology theory

One of the primary goals of the Academy of Psychological Clinical Science is to foster the development of and access to ____ to ____ for training, research, funding, and careers in clinical science

resources; opportunities

A psychologist desires to develop competence in a new area. In order to do this responsibly they might

seek additional formal training avoid taking new referrals until they have completed training seek supervision from an expert in this area

The difference between the five genral principles and the specific ethical standards in the APA ethics code is

specific ethical standards are enforceable rules of conduct

Which of these is NOT one of the APA's Profession-Wide Competencies for Accreditation of Clinical Psychology Doctoral Programs?

statistical analyses

Which of these describes the field of developmental psychologists?

study of how the psychological processes change over the life span

Which of these describes the subfield of cognitive psychologists?

study of mental processes, for example, memory, language, perception, and decision making

Which of these describes the subfield of quantitative psychologists?

study of statistical procedures used in psychological procedures

Which of these describes the subfield of behavioral neuroscientists?

study of the biology of behavior, including how the brain regulates behavior

If a psychologist violates the ethics code, the American Psychological Association may refer the matter to a state or provincial licensing board. This could result in

suspension of a psychologist's license to practice

the psychology interjurisdictional compact is an interstate agreement developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate the practice of ____ and the temporary, face to face practice of psychology across state lines

telepsychology

Which of these describes convergent validity?

the extent to which a test of one characteristic correlates with other tests of the same characteristic

which of these describes incremental validity?

the extent to which a test provides information not available through other means

Why was the Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact ended?

to facilitate the practice of telepsychology across state boundaries because the pandemic restricted travel clients had difficulty finding qualified professionals in their home state

Charlene is studying for the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology, Part 2. Which of these is NOT a domain that they should study?

treatment, intervention, prevention, supervision

An advantage of PhD programs, as compared to PsyD programs, is

tuiton waivers are often offered

a credential important for evidence based psychological assessment is _____ -the extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure

validity

Compared to the clinical scientist model, the vail model

was largely rejected by academic clinical psychologists

The limits of confidentiality include

when someone is at imminent risk of harm when a client may soon attempt to fatally harm themselves when a client is a minor

In considering the best treatment for a client, a psychologist should be sensitive to the client's

age, gender identity, and ethnic and racial background

Compared to psychiatrists, clinical psychologist

are trained to appreciate cognitive, behavioral, and sociocultural aspects of clients' problems

The ____ contains the reason for referral along with background information and history, a discussion of test scores and conclusions, and recommendations for how to address the questions and concerns raised in the referral

assessment report

Psychologist might serve on university committees or in leadership roles. What is the term for this professional activity?

Administration

A psychology professor is preparing an application for accreditation by PCSAS on behalf of a clinical psychology program, and in the application, the professor will likely attend to all of these areas for review, EXCEPT

Whether the program is being continuously monitored by the National Institutes of Health

Where might a doctoral trainee complete their predoctoral internship?

a VA center medical schools community mental health centers