Clinical Psych: PSYC 3080

______________ suicide occurs when people feel themselves so strongly integrated into a demanding society that their only escape seems to be suicide.

Egoistic *Altruistic Anomic Fatalistic

According to Durkheim, ______________ suicide occurs when people become detached from society and, suddenly on their own, are overwhelmed by the resulting stress.

Fatalistic Anomic *Egoistic Altruistic

Which component of social class is consistently the strongest single predictor of good health?

Income *Education Occupation Neighborhood

HIV/AIDS is especially common in Africa in part because of

Infertility *Concurrent sexual partners Serial sexual partners High cereal diets Gluten free diets

A social class is a category or group of people who:

Live in the same neighborhood. Are in the same age range. Share similar ethnicity and culture. *Share similar levels of wealth, status, and power.

Diarrheal diseases in less developed nations are primarily caused by

Maternal mortality *Contaminated food and water Oral rehydration Tuberculosis HIV infection

With the transition to a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, physicians have increasingly had to take which approach to medical care?

*"Whole person" care. Use of "magic bullets." The clinical gaze. The re-mystification of disease.

A disgruntled coworker infects a box of pastries with dysentery, causing several staff to become ill. This is an example of:

*Bioterrorism. Bioethics. Epidemiological transitions. Social causes of disease.

__________ are a more powerful determinant of depressive disorders and other health problems than__________.

*Chronic strains; life events Life events; chronic strains Chronic strains; stress mediators Life events; stress mediators

The germ theory of disease is a perspective which asserts:

*Diseases are caused by a biological agent. Medicine is the only true way to treat disease. Illness can be caused by lifestyle choices. Germs are conscious agents that intentionally harm their hosts.

The special health problems along the US-Mexico border in part reflect the impact of

*Globalization. The technological imperative. Social drift. Leprosy. Medicalization.

The primary measure of a country's development level is its

*Gross national income per capita. Average education level. Military might. Number of factories. Moral code.

Decline in deaths from infectious diseases in the second half of the nineteenth century was mainly due to:

*Improvements in diet, housing, and public sanitation Better training of physicians. The discovery of penicillin. Epidemiological transitions.

According to Richard Wilkinson, which is the most important variable influencing a county's overall level of health?

*Income inequality within a country Degree of modernization Access to quality healthcare Overall wealth of a country

The best way to reduce infant mortality is to

*Increase women's social status. Develop better treatments for measles. Increase access to medical care for pregnant women. Increase access to medical care for babies. Increase support for genetic engineering of high-yield rice and flour.

The type of role strain referring to the demands that two or more roles held by a person are incompatible, is referred to as _____________.

*Inter-role conflict The appraisal process Role restructuring Role captivity

There are two categories of bioterrorism:

*Overt and covert. Latent and manifest. Balanced and skewed. International and domestic.

What is homeostasis?

*Physiological adaptation. Physically growing. Changing constantly. Not moving or adapting.

The primary cause of low life expectancy in the less developed nations is

*Poverty. Genetic defects. Dictatorship. Air pollution. Religious warfare.

The finding that even the upper middle class lives shorter than the uppermost class, and that every class lives longer than the one directly below it is evidence of what?

*Social gradient in mortality. Social patterning of disease. Influence of deprivation Educational differences

The appearance of the West Nile virus in New York city reflects:

*The role of globalization in the spread of infectious diseases. An example of bioterrorism. Evidence of the declining prevalence of infectious diseases. The transition of infectious diseases into chronic ones.

The relative influence of income and education on health changes over the life course.

*True False

In which study were syphilis patients intentionally not treated and allowed to die?

*Tuskegee. Nazi experiments. Belmont. Zimbardo prison.

Of the following, which is the most important cause of maternal mortality in less developed nations?

*Unsterile abortion Illegal drug use Breast-feeding Emphysema Herpes

The first stage of the Epidemiological Transition was characterized by ____ rates of ___________.

*high ; infectious diseases high: degenerative diseases low: infectious diseases high: man-made diseases

As a result of anti-malaria pesticide campaigns in the less developed nations,

Bird and fish populations have flourished *Many mosquitoes have become resistant to pesticides AIDS has become more common Tuberculosis has become more common Malaria is no longer a serious threat

As a nation shifts from primarily rural-agricultural to urban-industrial, what changes are seen in the health profile of the nation?

Both infectious and chronic diseases are reduced to a minimum. Infectious diseases are eliminated entirely. *Leading causes of death change from mostly infectious diseases to chronic diseases. Leading causes of death change from mostly chronic diseases to infectious diseases.

A researcher is interested in reporting how many people in a community were diagnosed with HIV during the past month. He/she would measure the:

Crude Rate *Incidence Age-specific Rate Prevalence

Most deaths caused by malaria occur among

Older adults in South America *Children in Africa Older adults in Eastern Europe and Russia Children in South America Adults in Eastern Asia

_________________ has special significance for a society because it is traditionally used as an approximate indicator of a society's standard of living and quality of health care delivery.

Prevalence of chronic disease. Age adjusted fertility rate. *Infant mortality rate. Crude birth rate.

A situation in which an individual is in an unwanted role and feeling an obligation to do one thing while preferring to do something else (e.g. a retired person who wishes they were still working) is referred to as _______________.

Role capacity Role restructuring *Role captivity Role overload

The type of stressor characterized by enduring problems, conflicts, and threats that people typically face in their daily lives (such as family or job problems) is known as_______________.

Social isolation Strain Mediators Life events *Chronic strain

Thoits (2010) defines the ________________ as the sum of acute and chronic stresses that one has experienced.

Social stress model. *Cumulative stress burden. Buffering effects model. Social construction of reality.

Which of the following is true?

Tobacco manufacturers rarely bother to advertise their products in less developed nations Smoking offers some protection against HIV infection Smoking offers some protection against malnutrition. *Sales of tobacco have increased in less developed nations over the last 40 years. Federal law forbids US manufacturers from selling tobacco overseas

A ratio, such as the crude mortality rate, is expressed as:

Total number of cases divided by incidence. Total number of cases times total population. Total number of cases divided by prevalence. *Total number of cases divided by total population.

Drug companies are typically non-profit agencies and do not benefit when academics publish articles about the effectiveness of their drugs.

True *False

The poor have the highest rates of disease and disability of any socioeconomic group, demonstrating their greater biological disposition toward illness.

True *False

The __________ suggests that neither life events nor chronic strains are in and of themselves stressful, but rather it is the perceived world, whether it is real or not, that is the basis for the stress response.

Vulnerability hypothesis *Thomas theorem Exposure hypothesis Looking Glass Self theorem

The ___________________ principle suggests that contact between similar people occurs at a higher rate than among dissimilar people (i.e., 'birds of a feather, flock together').

heterophily similarity contagion *homophily