Clinical Psychology Ch 1-3

35. The historic Boulder conference took place in ______. A. 1896 B. 1921 C. 1949 D. 1969

1949

14. Some studies of manualized therapy have found that therapists who demonstrate flexibility while using manuals ______. A. produce better client outcomes and are more successful in getting clients engaged in therapy B. produce worse client outcomes and are less successful in getting clients engaged in therapy C. cause irreparable harm to clients D. are subject to malpractice lawsuits

A

20. Robert is paying for psychotherapy services with his health insurance. Anne is paying for psychotherapy services out-of-pocket (i.e., with a personal check). Robert is told by his clinical psychologist, Dr. Honores, that he has "several symptoms associated with depression." Anne receives the same diagnostic information. Based on your textbook's discussion of current controversies, which of the following is MOST likely to occur? A. Robert will receive a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder; Anne will not B. Anne will receive a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder; Robert will not C. Both Robert and Anne will receive a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder D. Neither Robert nor Anne will receive a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder

A

22. Based on current reviews and meta-analyses, we can say that telepsychology generally appears to work ______. A. about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy B. far worse than in-person forms of psychotherapy C. far better than in-person forms of psychotherapy D. we cannot compare telepsychology and in-person psychotherapy because no studies exist on this topic

A

26. When psychotherapy outcome researchers seek clients on whom to conduct psychotherapy in a study, they typically seek clients who ______. A. are "textbook cases" of the diagnosis the therapy intends to treat B. are simultaneously taking medication for their psychological problems C. have advanced knowledge about psychological disorders D. have previous experience as "test subjects" in clinical research

A

9. Websites such as psychologicaltreatments.org and effectivechildtherapy.org best illustrate ______. A. the continued growth of and focus on evidence-based practice in clinical psychology B. the ever-increasing presence of the Internet in individuals' lives C. a trend toward providing psychotherapy services online, rather than in person D. the APA's commitment to release all of its major publications online

A

29. ______ are the authors of the TAT. A. Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray B. Lewis Terman and Alfred Binet C. Edward Thorndike and Charles Spearman D. Herman Rorschach and James Cattell

A. Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray

27. Typically, clinical psychologists must pass the ______ in order to become licensed. A. Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) B. Continuing Education Units Psychology Examination (CEUPE) C. Examination for Psychological Practice with Independent Persons (EPPP) D. Counselor Education Unity Psychology Examination (CEUPE)

A. Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP)

5. Which of the following is NOT true of Philippe Pinel? A. Pinel helped to establish compassionate treatment of the mentally ill in England. B. Pinel advocated for institution staff to record a patient's case history and ongoing treatment notes. C. Pinel wrote Treatise on Insanity, in which he argued for empathy for the mentally ill. D. Pinel created institutions where patients were given healthy food and kind treatment.

A. Pinel helped to establish compassionate treatment of the mentally ill in England.

13. Which of the following is true? A. The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged before the practitioner-scholar model of training. B. The scientist-practitioner model of training and the practitioner-scholar model of training emerged at the same time. C. The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged after the clinical scientist model of training. D. The clinical scientist model of training and the practitioner-scholar model of training emerged at the same time.

A. The scientist-practitioner model of training emerged before the practitioner-scholar model of training.

5. John is an undergraduate psychology major. He wishes to become a clinical psychologist. In order to reach this goal, John must ______. A. earn a doctoral degree in clinical psychology B. earn a master's degree in clinical psychology C. earn a bachelor's degree in psychology D. complete 300 clinical internship hours while an undergraduate student

A. earn a doctoral degree in clinical psychology

29. The most common work setting for clinical psychologists since the 1980s is ______. A. private practice B. medical schools C. psychiatric hospitals D. university psychology departments

A. private practice

10. Evidence-based practice has also been referred to as ______. A. empirically researched interventions B. empirically supported treatments C. dialectical behavior therapy D. exposure plus response prevention

B

15. Some clinical psychologists criticize the DSM, stating some disorders' symptoms are difficult to distinguish from normal behavior. This criticism best illustrates the debate surrounding ______. A. prescription privileges for clinical psychologists B. the overexpansion of mental disorders C. arbitrary insurance reimbursement practices for psychotherapy services D. the impact of technology on clinical practice

B

18. According to surveys of psychologists in private practice (e.g., Murphy et al., 1998), managed care companies have ______. A. generally had a positive impact on the quality of psychotherapy they provide B. exerted too much control over clinical decisions C. had no effect on confidentiality issues D. allowed psychologists to provide appropriate, ethical services

B

19. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Most health insurance and managed care companies will pay for psychotherapy whether or not the therapist assigns a DSM diagnosis to the client. B. Recent surveys of psychologists have indicated that the way a client is diagnosed is affected by the client's method of payment. C. Studies refute the idea that psychologists' diagnostic decisions are influenced by how a client pays for therapy. D. Most managed care companies will pay for psychotherapy even if a client does not receive a DSM diagnosis; however, health insurance companies require a diagnosis

B

25. In 1952, ______ made the (now refuted) claim that there was no proof that psychotherapy was efficacious. A. Dianne Chambless B. Hans Eysenck C. John Watson D. Lightner Witmer

B

4. Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite ______ as support for their argument. A. an excess of psychiatrists, especially in rural areas B. convenience for clients C. the opportunity to work collaboratively with physicians D. the ability to replace psychotherapy with medication

B

7. An example of a manualized psychotherapy with empirical evidence for its efficacy is ______. A. exposure plus response prevention for bulimia B. exposure plus response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder C. dialectical behavior therapy for depression D. dialectical behavior therapy for antisocial personality disorder

B

6. ______'s 1950s assertion that therapy had no positive outcome helped to jumpstart what has evolved into the evidence-based practice movement. A. Raymond Cattell B. Hans Eysenck C. William F. Buckley D. Patrick H. DeLeon

B Hans Eysenck

13. ______ is credited with the first known publication in which the term clinical psychology was used. A. Wilhelm Wundt B. Lightner Witmer C. Emil Kraepelin D. Edward Lee Thorndike

B. Lightner Witmer

19. The Insider's Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology is ______. A. a book authored by Richard McFall that details scientific standards for psychological research B. a resource used by many graduate school applicants to learn about specific clinical psychology programs C. an online portal for applying to clinical psychology graduate programs D. an evaluation rubric used by graduate program admissions committees to evaluate applicants

B. a resource used by many graduate school applicants to learn about specific clinical psychology programs

15. Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs ______. A. typically place greater emphasis on research-related aspects of training B. are more often housed in "professional schools" rather than departments of psychology in universities C. prepare their graduates to work as researchers in academic settings D. are more likely to require a research-based dissertation

B. are more often housed in "professional schools" rather than departments of psychology in universities

11. Clinical psychology graduate programs that subscribe to the practitioner-scholar model of training ______. A. typically award the PhD, rather than the PsyD, degree B. emphasize practice over research C. emphasize research over practice D. equally emphasize research and practice

B. emphasize practice over research

21. Josephine is an undergraduate student wants to increase her odds of getting into a clinical psychology graduate program. Based on recommendations provided in the textbook, which of the following is the best advice you could provide to Josephine? A. avoid undergraduate courses in statistics and research methodology. These classes often lower an applicant's GPA B. get to know your professors. Build a positive, professional relationship with them so they can write meaningful, persuasive letters of recommendation for you C. limit yourself to one road to becoming a clinical psychologist. For example, once you have decided you want to earn a PhD from a scientist-practitioner program, do not consider other training options D. do not seek out clinically relevant experience while an undergraduate. Graduate programs prefer to train "fresh" graduate students, not students who have already acquired some skills through part-time experiences

B. get to know your professors. Build a positive, professional relationship with them so they can write meaningful, persuasive letters of recommendation for you

23. The ______ typically consists of a full year of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting and takes place before the doctoral degree is awarded. A. postdoctoral internship B. predoctoral internship C. first year of graduate school in a PsyD program D. first year of graduate school in a PhD program

B. predoctoral internship

11. The term evidence-based practice includes ______. A. the psychological treatment for a disorder B. factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service C. both the psychological treatment of a disorder and factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service D. neither the psychological treatment of a disorder nor factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service

C

12. Advantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include ______. A. an increase in unique, idiosyncratic forms of therapy created by individual psychotherapists B. increased reliance on the clinical judgment of each psychotherapist C. the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field D. enhanced autonomy for clinicians as they deliver psychotherapy services

C

13. Disadvantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include ______. A. strengthening of the relationship or alliance between therapist and client B. the fact that many clients have relatively simple problems that easily fit into diagnostic categories C. restriction of clinicians to use only empirically supported treatments D. irrefutable criteria for determining which treatments should be identified as empirically supported

C

17. The number of health insurance/managed care companies that pay for psychotherapy services has ______. A. decreased since the earliest days of psychotherapy B. remained constant throughout the history of psychotherapy C. increased since the earliest days of psychotherapy D. not yet occurred, but is expected to begin within the next decade

C

21. The use of technology, particularly the Internet, by clinical psychologists is often referred to as ______. A. conference therapy B. digital therapy C. telepsychology D. techpsychology

C

37. Which of the following assessment methods was created most recently? A. MMPI B. Thematic Apperception Test C. NEO-PI-R D. Rorschach Inkblot Method

C

5. Opponents of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite all of the following EXCEPT ______ as support for their argument. A. the need for further training during or after graduate school B. the possibility that the practice of psychotherapy would decline C. professional autonomy and identification for clinical psychologists D. questions about the type and length of required training

C

8. A book entitled A Guide to Treatments That Work was published in ______ and represented a significant step in the ______ movement. A. 1960; humanistic psychotherapy B. 1990; prescription privileges C. 1998; evidence-based practice D. 2005; psychotherapy via videoconferencing

C

1. The term clinical psychology was first used in print in the year ______. A. 1780 B. 1894 C. 1907 D. 1952

C. 1907

25. David Wechsler created ______. A. an inkblot test of personality B. a popular objective questionnaire measuring symptoms of depression C. a test of intelligence D. the MMPI

C. a test of intelligence

17. Michael's career goal is to become a clinical psychologist who researches the treatment effectiveness of new psychotherapy interventions for bipolar I disorder. He envisions his work setting in academia or at a national research institute. When selecting clinical psychology graduate programs to which he will apply, Michael should focus on programs that adhere to the ______ model of training. A. scientist-practitioner B. practitioner-scholar C. clinical scientist D. learner-seeker

C. clinical scientist

25. To maximize the likelihood of obtaining a predoctoral internship, students interested in pursuing graduate training in clinical psychology should ______. A. restrict the number of internship sites to which they apply as a way to save money B. apply to internships in only one or two states C. pursue graduate clinical psychology training from a PhD, rather than a PsyD, program D. apply to internships that are located in the same state as their graduate program

C. pursue graduate clinical psychology training from a PhD, rather than a PsyD, program

16. Research by Cosgrove and colleagues found that ______ of professionals who authored/created the DSM-IV and DSM-5 had financial ties to major pharmaceutical companies. A. less than 1% B. approximately 10% C. approximately 25% D. over 50%

D

23. Guidelines regarding the use of new technologies by clinical psychologists include all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. obtain informed consent from clients about the services they may receive, the technologies that may be used to provide them, and the confidentiality of the communication B. ensure client confidentiality as much as possible by using encryption or similar methods C. be knowledgeable about emergency resources in any community from which your clients may seek services D. offer clients the option of using secure methods for conducting therapy sessions online

D

24. According to Cummings (2007), ______ of prescriptions written for psychoactive medications come from primary-care physicians. A. under 10% B. 30% C. 50% D. over 80%

D

27. In which of the following states do clinical psychologists currently have prescription privileges? A. Missouri, Indiana, and Texas B. New York, New Jersey, and Wisconsin C. Oregon, Nevada, and California D. Louisiana, New Mexico, Illinois, Iowa, and Idaho

D

28. The first list of empirically supported treatments was published in ______. A. 1905 B. 1935 C. 1965 D. 1995

D

3. Which of the following is NOT true of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists? A. Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists have made the argument that other nonphysicians have been granted prescription privileges. B. The American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy was created, in part, to promote prescription privileges for psychologists. C. Psychopharmacology training programs are available for psychologists in the U.S. military. D. Missouri, New Mexico, and Alabama currently allow appropriately trained clinical psychologists to prescribe.

D

7. ______'s work directly resulted in the establishment of more than 30 state institutions for the mentally ill throughout the United States. A. William Tuke B. Philippe Pinel C. Eli Todd D. Dorothea Dix

D. Dorothea Dix

3. ______ was the first person to operate a psychological clinic. A. Richard McFall B. Abraham Maslow C. Alfred Adler D. Lightner Witmer

D. Lightner Witmer

15. Emil Kraepelin ______. A. is considered a pioneer in the diagnosis of mental illness B. authored an objective personality test that remains widely used among clinical psychologists today C. created the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders D. argued for humane treatment of the mentally ill in France

a

17. ______, a term coined by Emil Kraepelin, described a cluster of symptoms similar to what is now known as schizophrenia. A. Dementia praecox B. Paranoia C. Depressive psychosis D. Cyclothymic personality

a

21. The current edition of the DSM contains "proposed criteria sets." These sets are ______. A. descriptions of proposed disorders that may become official disorders in a future DSM edition B. list of disorders that will be eliminated in a future version of the DSM C. diagnostic aids to assist clinicians in distinguishing between disorders with similar presentations D. a new classification system for personality disorders

a

37. Between 1988 and 2001, the number of PsyD degrees awarded ______. A. more than doubled B. remained constant C. declined by 10% D. increased by 10%

a

39. Students enrolled in a practitioner-scholar program typically earn what degree? A. PsyD B. PhD C. MD D. MS

a

9. The first psychological clinic was founded by ______. A. Lightner Witmer B. Wilhelm Wundt C. James McKeen Cattell D. William Tuke

a. Lightner Witmer

31. Psychotherapy began to play a significant role in the history of clinical psychology around ______. A. 1900-1910 B. 1940-1950 C. 1970-1980 D. 1990-2000

b. 1940-1950

23. June believes there is one general intelligence that overlaps with many abilities. Which of the following theorists is most likely to agree with June? A. Edward Lee Thorndike B. Charles Spearman C. Alfred Binet D. Lewis Terman

b. Charles Spearman

1. The discipline of clinical psychology didn't come into existence until ______. A. around the turn of the 19th century B. around the turn of the 20th century C. the 1950s D. the 1980s

b. around the turn of the 20th century

11. The journal founded by Lightner Witmer was titled ______. A. Treatment of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders B. The Psychological Clinic C. Behavior Change D. Psychology and Cognition

b. the psychological clinic

2. Patrick DeLeon, Morgan Sammons, and Robert McGrath are best known as advocates ______. A. for evidence-based psychotherapies B. for computer-based psychotherapies C. for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists D. against evidence-based psychotherapies

c

27. ______ tests assume that people reveal their personalities by their responses to ambiguous stimuli, while ______ tests offer straightforward scoring and interpretation guidelines and are often in multiple-choice or true-false format. A. Projective intelligence; objective intelligence B. Objective intelligence; projective intelligence C. Projective personality; objective personality D. Objective personality; projective personality

c

33. Compared to clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists tend to ______. A. work with clients whose degree of psychopathology is greater B. work in settings such as inpatient psychiatric units C. work in settings such as college counseling centers D. work in settings such as hospitals

c

1. Currently, ______ have passed legislation that grants prescription privileges to appropriately trained psychologists. A. all 50 states B. 31 states C. 5 states D. no states

c. 5 states

31. The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists since at least the 1970s is ______. A. diagnosis/assessment B. research/writing C. psychotherapy D. teaching

c. psychotherapy

9. Currently, there are more clinical psychology graduate programs subscribing to the ______ model of training than any other model. A. counselor educator B. practitioner-scholar C. scientist-practitioner D. clinical scientist

c. scientist practitioner

3. The ______, a residential treatment center for the mentally ill in England, served as a model for humane treatment facilities that subsequently opened throughout Europe and the United States. A. Pinel Institute B. Hartford Retreat C. York Retreat D. Todd Institute

c. york retreat

33. Currently, the most popular singular psychotherapy orientation among clinical psychologists is the ______ orientation. A. behavioral B. cognitive C. psychodynamic D. humanistic

cognitive

19. The DSM is published by the ______. A. American Psychological Association B. National Association of Social Workers C. American Psychotherapy Association D. American Psychiatric Association

d

35. Social workers ______. A. typically earn a doctoral degree B. undergo training that places heavy emphasis on research methods and psychological testing C. emphasize the biological causes of mental illness D. focus on the interaction between an individual and components of society

d

39. ______, more than any other activity, characterized clinical psychology during the earliest years of the profession. A. Cognitive psychotherapy B. Behavioral psychotherapy C. Motivational interviewing D. Assessment of intelligence

d assessment of intelligence

7. The Boulder model of training is also known as the ______ model of training. A. practitioner-scholar B. clinical scientist C. clinical psychologist D. scientist-practitioner

d. scientist practitioner