Cloud & IOT Fundamentals: Chapter 1

Google Apps

A PaaS application development platform hosted by Google.

botnet

A group of computers under the control of a "bot herder". Supporters of the Anonymous hacktivist organization downloaded the Low-Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC) utility to lend their computers to denial of service attacks conducted by the group, but most botnets comprise individual computers infected with malware.

Thick client

A thick client, often termed as a workstation, is an access device that has powerful CPUs, local application storage, and display and input device connections. Thick clients can run applications locally, accessing remote cloud services as needed.

Which of the following is used to perform a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack? A) Botnet B) Ransomware C) Flukes D) Trojan horse

A) Botnet

Working with multiple cloud providers can introduce which of the following? A) Challenges working with multiple providers of identity management B) More robust change control processes C) Multiple levels of security D) Stronger password controls

A) Challenges working with multiple providers of identity management Any major adopter of cloud computing will find that just about every cloud service they consume (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS) - each comes with its own approaches to identity and access management. Different sets of identity and authorization capabilities, different programming and web interfaces, and mapping them to traditional corporate identity services are not easy.

Which of the following provides a flexible pool of computing resources and is managed by self-service on-demand automated tools? A) Cloud computing B) Server consolidation C) Server virtualization D) High-performance computing

A) Cloud computing

Which of the following deals with the economic rationale in order to leverage the cloud? A) Cloudonomics B) Automation C) Federation D) Virtualization

A) Cloudonomics

Which of the following is processor-intensive software that can be used to break up its processing into small chunks to be further processed in isolation? A) Grid computing application B) Private cloud C) Public cloud D) Transactional computing

A) Grid computing application

What is the term used in system virtualization to reflect more than one operating system or instance running on a single host server? A) Multi-tenancy B) Homogeneous servers C) Heterogeneous servers D) Colocation

A) Multi-tenancy

Which of the following are the key advantages of cloud computing? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) No initial infrastructure costs B) Easier to support C) Easier execution of data processing D) Improved technical capabilities

A, B

Which of the following actions should be taken by a company when a cloud computing provider violates their contract? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose two. A) Execute the exit plan and drop the provider B) Determine strategic options of the company for an alternative provider. C) Revise all critical applications on internal servers of the company. D) Change the migration strategy.

A, B C and D are incorrect. Neither action is relevant to the issue and would not be appropriate steps to take when a cloud computing provider stops upholding their contract.

Which of the following statements are true of grid computing? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) Grid computing is typically used for computationally intensive operations. B) Cloud computing is evolved from grid computing. C) It separates computers from multiple administrative domains to solve a single task. D) It uses hardware to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers.

A, B D is incorrect. Grid computing uses middleware to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers. C is incorrect. Grid computing combines computers from multiple administrative domains to achieve a common goal.

How does cloud computing improve cost flexibility? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) Minimize or avoid upfront costs. B) Pay for resources only on a need basis. C) Reduce fixed overhead costs. D) There's no cost for software licensing.

A, B, C

Dynamic scalability in cloud computing refers to which of the following? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) New users can be added and removed quickly. B) Servers and storage can be released quickly. C) Servers and storage can be added quickly. D) Performance is guaranteed to improve.

A, B, C Cloud infrastructure services can be quickly scaled up in case of upturn in demand and scaled down when there is low demand. This adds enormous flexibility and optimal utilization of resources and money. Holiday seasons or financial periods (month end, quarter end, or year-end) are good examples of times where usage of e-Commerce or financial applications face significant spikes. Their usage the rest of the year is unlikely to be as high.

Which of the following are characteristics of cloud computing? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) Resource pooling B) Rapid elasticity C) Measured service D) Physical control over data E) On demand self-services

A, B, C, E D is incorrect. Cloud computing does not have physical control over data.

Which of the following are inhibitors to the adoption of cloud computing? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) Concerns over security B) Loss of internal control C) Lack of clear value proposition D) Disaster Recovery solutions E) Efficient data exchange

A, B, C, E Security is a critical issue largely in public or shared environments, where the cloud provider needs to make sure that data privacy and compliance is guaranteed. Another issue is the lack of control an organization has over resources and personnel managing these resources, once they adopt the public cloud model. Efficient data exchange between the enterprise and the cloud is another factor. Lack of value proposition besides the benefits of reducing the cost of IT is another major inhibitor. Companies that have successfully adopted cloud computing say that value is best achieved with a specific business goal in mind and tools are available to assist with return on investment (ROI) and value assessments. Adopting the cloud becomes an easier decision when you are focused on solving a specific business problem, rather than just IT cost benefits.

Which of the following are benefits of virtualization? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) It provides dynamic fault tolerance against software failures (through rapid bootstrapping or rebooting). B) It provides hardware fault tolerance (through migration of a virtual machine to different hardware). C) In database virtualization, it does not allow users to access various sources of disparately located data without knowing where the data actually resides. D) It optimizes the deployment of computing resources.

A, B, D C is incorrect. Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or network resources. The technology enables a more efficient utilization of existing computing resources. For example, with virtualization technology, you can run multiple operating systems concurrently on a single physical server, where each operating system runs as a self-contained computer. The goal of virtualization is usually a more effective use of resources.

Cloud-based services: Each correct answer represents a complete solution. A) Smartphone Services B) Dropbox C) Primo Online D) Amazon EC2 E) Gmail F) Google Apps

A, B, D, F C & E are incorrect

Which of the following factors affect the use of cloud computing? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) Cost/benefit ratio B) Data encapsulation C) Organization's corporate and IT structure D) Speed of delivery

A, C, D B is incorrect. Data encapsulation does NOT affect the use of cloud computing.

How does cloud computing improve business flexibility? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) Easier access by users outside of the organization B) Access to new and exciting technology C) Cost savings D) Increased collaboration

A, D While many people see the cloud as a way to theoretically infinite resources at variable cost, keep in mind that cloud computing offers a lot of flexibility to businesses. Cloud computing can help businesses grow in different dimensions. It enables them to utilize the processing resources that were previously unavailable for the business. The cloud can also help your employee's productivity and collaboration levels, no matter where they are in the world. Cloud fosters collaboration among your organization and enables your employees to access data anywhere, and this increases the productivity of any business.

Denial of service (DoS) attack

An attack against availability in which an attacker disrupts the service for a user or an organization using various flood-type techniques.

Economic denial of sustainability (EDoS) attack

An attack in which the attacker takes advantage of use-based cloud pricing models to drive up an organization's usage costs to unsustainable levels.

Which of the following is a characteristic of virtualization? A) Federated identities B) Shared hardware C) Sourcing challenges D) Pay per usage model

B D, A, and C are incorrect. None of these are characteristics of virtualization.

When a service has been migrated into the cloud, where is it really located? A) In the local data center B) Almost anywhere C) At a service provider's virtualized data center D) In a partner organization's data center

B) Almost anywhere

Which of the following evolved from cloud computing? A) Cloud storage B) Cloud bursting C) Grid computing D) Green grid

B) Cloud bursting

Which fundamental technology provides cloud computing with its ability to split up processes across multiple resource pools? A) High-performance computing B) Distributed application design C) Resource management automation D) Virtualized computing

B) Distributed application design

Which of the following is an open source cloud provider? A) Rackspace B) Eucalyptus C) Amazon AWS D) Microsoft Azure Cloud

B) Eucalyptus is open source cloud software for building AWS-compatible private and hybrid clouds. It allows an organization to build self-service, elastic clouds inside its datacenter using existing IT infrastructure.

Which of the following is a precursor to cloud computing? A) Virtual storage B) Grid computing C) Cloud.com D) e-Commerce

B) Grid computing

Which audience from the list below benefits the most from cloud computing? A) User populations that steadily increase in size B) User populations that vary and are unpredictable C) User populations that are of a fixed size D) User populations that vary in size on a seasonal basis

B) User populations that vary and are unpredictable

Cloud computing shifts capital cost to _________ cost. A) fixed B) variable C) indirect D) direct

B) variable

What are the main benefits of cloud computing? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. A) Reliable network connection B) Scalability C) Multi-tenancy D) Cost effective E) Self-service provisioning

B, C, D, E A is incorrect. It is assumed that the client has reliable network connection. If the problems of network connectivity occur, accessing the cloud also becomes a problem.

Characteristics of cloud: Each correct answer represents a complete solution. A) Rigid B) Massive C) On Demand D) Virtualized E) Secure F) Always Available G) Elastic

B, C, D, E, F, G A is incorrect

Which of the following is a definition of virtualization? A) Virtualization is a technology that helps organize servers in a more efficient manner. B) Virtualization is the same as a public cloud but in-house. C) Virtualization is the abstraction of IT resources that masks the physical nature and boundaries of those resources from resource users. D) Virtualization is a technology that can create many physical servers out of one server.

C

Which of the following is used in a network diagram for reducing the entire network into points of entry and exit? A) Federation of providers B) Integrator C) Cloud-like symbol D) Differentiator

C) Cloud-like symbol

Which of the following involves parallel computing where autonomous computers work together to perform large tasks? A) Visual computing B) Utility computing C) Grid computing D) Beta computing

C) Grid computing

Which of the following is a characteristic of cloud computing? A) It is the cheapest solution today for computing. B) It is exactly the same as virtualization. C) It provides flexible resource management. D) It is built using HTML.

C) It provides flexible resource management.

What characteristic of cloud computing reduces administrative costs? A) Limitation of platform/application development selection (in PaaS environments) B) Paying only for resources actually consumed C) Self-service or automated resource management D) Placing the cloud data center farther away from local administrators

C) Self-service or automated resource management

Which of the following is a major drawback of using cloud in an organization? A) Cloud needs the end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. B) Cloud does not deliver applications through the Internet. C) Using cloud could lead to a loss of control over data and staff. D) Cloud does not provide computation, software, data access, and storage services.

C) Using cloud could lead to a loss of control over data and staff. The major drawback of cloud computing is that you have transferred control of your systems to a third party. You are now dependent on their engagement and priorities, even if you have an SLA in place.

Which of the following provides computing services as a metered service? A) Autonomic computing B) Local computing C) Utility computing D) Grid computing

C) Utility computing

In which of the following scenarios will cloud computing provide the most value? A) When an organization needs multi-cast communication features B) When an organization has applications that require specialized hardware C) When an organization needs additional hardware in order to process their payroll activities faster at the end of each pay period

C) When an organization needs additional hardware in order to process their payroll activities faster at the end of each pay period

Which of the following technologies is related to Web services? A) HIPAA B) SQL C) XML D) PCI

C) XML

Provides flexible self-service, network-accessible computing resources to fulfill the demands of the clients

Cloud computing

Match the following features of Cloud and SAN (Storage Area Network) storage: A) Acts as a single entity despite the fact that the infrastructure would most likely be geographically scattered B) Makes storage devices, typically disk arrays, accessible to servers throughout the network C) Utilizes a high-speed network, such as Fibre Channel (FC) through host bus adapter (HBA), to connect computer data storage D) Uses version copies, which makes it highly durable E) Based on a highly virtualized infrastructure F) Makes available several devices and ports, but restricts access for each connected system to a subset of devices/ports

Cloud: A, D, E SAN (Storage Area Network): B, C, F

Which of the following is the easiest application architecture to migrate into the cloud? A) Private cloud B) Public cloud C) Cloud storage D) Grid computing

D) Grid computing

Desktop virtualization is the concept of separating the ___________ from the physical machine. A) Operating system B) Cloud computing C) Network layer D) Logical desktop

D) Logical desktop At its most fundamental level, virtualization is separating the "physical" from the "logical," so therefore desktop virtualization is separating the physical desktop device (laptop, desktop, etc.) from the logical desktop software, such as Windows.

What impact does cloud computing have on the installation and setup of servers? A) No impact; same as with in-house IT B) Depends on the vendor C) Much slower than in-house IT D) Much faster provisioning

D) Much faster provisioning A major advantage of cloud computing is the ability of cloud providers to provision servers on demand. With an in-house solution, you would need to go through the approvals to secure a server, wait for the vendor to deliver them, then do the racking and installation, and setup, all of which can be very time consuming. Cloud computing makes server provisioning a very quick and painless process.

Where does the term cloud come from? A) Environmental threats B) Legacy term for SOA C) Exposed networks D) Network diagrams

D) Network diagrams

Which of the following is NOT a component of a cloud computing environment? A) Client B) Application C) Infrastructure D) Presentation

D) Presentation

Which of the following is a technology through which one or more simulated computers run within a physical computer? A) Software as a Service (SaaS) B) Cloud computing C) Demilitarized zone D) Virtualization

D) Virtualization

Which of the following is the primary way to access PaaS? A) Specialized application B) Web hosting providers C) Desktop services D) Web services

D) Web services

Web service

Developed for SOA over web connectivity, web services implement software-to-software interoperability using the XML language and the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) standard.

DDoS Attack

Distributed denial of service attacks are engineered to use a botnet, which is a group of computers under the control of a "bot herder", to flood a server with requests.

______________ metadata allows for thorough abstraction of _____________ storage devices and the whole underlying storage fabric from the end user or cloud tenant.

Extended, physical

True or false? Cloud computing is inherently an ecologically green technology.

False

rue or false? Cloud computing is the same as virtualized computing.

False Although cloud computing utilized virtualization extensively, virtual hosting services predate cloud computing solutions and lack the flexibility of resource assignment possible in the cloud.

Provides the complete final result by combining the individual results of the processes

High-performance computing

Provides access to computing resources in a virtualized environment

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

What is a possible SOX violation an organization may unknowingly violate when using a public cloud provider?

It makes it harder to know where a company's important assets are.

Provides a computing platform to create cloud apps and a solution stack as a service

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

High-performance computing (HPC)

Powerful specialized or grid-based computing that distributes simultaneous analysis or problem solving across many nodes to complete data processing tasks very rapidly. HPC systems may be called supercomputers, but this is a term that applies to the top HPC systems at the time a group that is always changing as new, faster machines are created.

Match the following features of SAN (Storage Area Network) and NAS (Network Attached Storage): A) Dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage B) File-level data storage that is connected to a network of heterogeneous computer systems C) Manufactured as a computer appliance and used for specialized purposes D) Used to make storage devices, such as disk arrays and tape libraries

SAN (Storage Area Network): A, D NAS (Network Attached Storage): B, C

Provides access to software and operates remotely as a Web-based service

SaaS (Software as a Service)

Match each client with its storage for the applications. Clients) Thick, Thin, Mobile, Remote Storage A) Surplus storage for applications Storage B) Lacks storage for applications

Thin client: This client lack storage for applications. Thick, Remote, & Mobile clients: These clients has surplus storage for applications.

The way the system is hosted, not necessarily the servers' distribution.

Virtualized computing

Provides distribution of different IT components within a cloud computing environment

XaaS (Anything as a Service)

Grid Computing

_________________ is applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time - usually a CPU intensive problem that processes massive amounts of data. It is a distributed model that emphasizes making efficient use of otherwise unused CPU or data resources.

The development of distributed application designs using a standardized _________________ model allowed one computer to ___________ an application while others could __________ the data and perform secondary tasks.

application programming interface (API), host, hold

Virtualization is the _____________ technology for the cloud. This is what enables data centers to populate tens of thousands of _________ servers and then completely automate __________ server creation, use, and deletion.

enabling, physical, virtual

Cloud bursting is used with the _________ cloud deployment strategy, where the deployment utilizes a ___________ of an in-house private cloud and a public cloud.

hybrid, mix

The IT department of an organization can successfully respond to cloud computing by becoming an _____________________.

internal cloud provider