CMST 1

Cicero's 5 Canons of Rhetoric

1. Invention (reasoning out truth to make case compelling) 2. Arrangement 3. Style 4. Delivery 5. Memory

How much information from our senses do we select to pay attention to each second?

40 bits

self concept

Answers who you are. all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

mediated communication

Communication that is carried out using some channel other than those used in face-to-face communication (text, email, social)

power distance

Degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in the power and well-being of their citizens are due to differences in individuals' physical and intellectual capabilities and heritage

Instrumental

If you convince your sister to lend you her car by describing your clean driving record and devotion to speed limits, you are accomplishing what type of goal?

communication skills

Repeatable goal-directed behaviors and behavioral patterns that you routinely practice and that reflect knowledge of competent communication are known as

actor-observer bias

Tendency to attribute your behavior to external causes -ex: blaming mistake on pressure from others

Ethics

Which feature of competent communication requires you to treat others with respect and communicate with them honestly, kindly, and positively?

When perception-checking, why is it important to share your perception with the individual?

You must clearly articulate your impression as a prelude to hearing the other person's impression -gestalt

Gestalt Psychology

a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts -halo effect and horn effect

self-serving bias

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably -Here, Celine is taking credit for the success by making an internal attribution, rather than considering external factors such as the restaurant, nice weather, and celebrity guest.

High self-monitors are

adaptive communicators

Once you've assessed your self-esteem,

analyze ideal self

algebraic impression

analyzing the positive and negative things you learn about someone to calculate an overall impression -information that's important, unusual, or negative is usually weighted more heavily than information that's trivial, typical, or positive

perception checking

asking questions in order to see if your interpretation is correct 1. selection 2. organization 3. interpretation

Sensory channels

auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, oral

Field of experience refers to

beliefs, attitudes, values, and experiences that a person brings to a communication event

small group communication

communication occurring within small groups of three or more people

Elton Mayo

coworker interactions on productivity

Modality

different forms of communication (face to face, text, written, visual)

Aristotle on persuasion

ethos (credibility), pathos, logos

interpersonal communication

face to face/one on one

People who perceive wide gender differences between men and women also tend to

have more negative, sexist attitudes, especially toward women.

Cicero's objectives of public speaking

instruct persuade honor

public communication

interaction with an audience

communication types

linear interactive transactional (most common)

impressions

mental images of who people are and how you feel about them

ought self

our representation of the way others think we should be

mask

outward presentation to cover private aspects

self-verification theory

people prefer to receive feedback from others that is consistent with their own self-views (self concept)

ideal self

person we would like to be

self-discrepancy theory

self esteem is defined by comparing ourselves against two standards: - ideal self - ought self (high esteem if they feel these standards can be achieved)

goals of communication

self presentation instrumental relationship

fundamental attribution error

tendency to attribute others' behavior to their internal dispositions and our own behaviors to our external situations

intercultural competence

the ability to communicate appropriately, effectively, and ethically with people from diverse backgrounds

uncertainty avoidance

the degree to which societies are willing to tolerate uncertainty and risk -low = more tolerable -high = less tolerable

saving face

the process of attempting to maintain a positive self-image in a relational situation -ex: Alec broke glass and immediately offered to buy new one

perception

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events -selection, organization, interpretation

face

the public image of ourself that we want others to believe