cog and learn quizzes

the sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of

bottom up processing

in the lexical decision task, participants are asked to

decide whether a string of letters is a word or a nonword

which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory

deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better processing

negative reinforcement _____ responding; punishment ______ responding.

increases;decreases

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

similarity

in the texts use of the olympic rings example, which gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles?

simplicity

which of the following stimuli were used in ebbinghaus' memory experiment?

3 letter nonsense words

the magic number according to miller is

7 plus or minus 2

Which set of stimuli would be the best selection for having people perform a lexical decision task?

Words "pizza, history" and non-words "pebble, girk"

the misinformation effect occurs when a persons memory for an event is modified by misleading info presented

after the event

Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by

an inborn biological program

Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of _______ in forming reliable long-term memories.

an organizational context during learning

which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology lab established by wilhelm wundt?

analytic introspection

the little albert experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which type of experiment

classical

attention, perception, memory, and decision making are lal different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. these are known as different types of

cognition

the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind

cognitive psychology

using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of

cognitive psychology

what in opera conditioning, is the delivery of a reinforcer for every single response?

continuous reinforcement

accoding to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory info. it is involved in many different cognitive skills. which of the following is NOT one those skills as noted by the chapter?

experiencing neuromodulation

what is a operant conditioning procedure that involves reinforcing the first response after a specific time interval?

fixed interval

the schedule of reinforcement in which a set number of responses must be made for each reward is called

fixed ratio

Language consists of smaller components, like words, that can be combined to form larger ones, like phrases, to create sentences, which themselves can be components of a larger story. This demonstrates the property of language

hierarchical

the stroop effect demonstrates

how automatic processing can interfere with intended processing

the primary effect of chunking is

increase the efficiency of short term memory

scene scheme is

knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene

Yoda, a central character of the Star Wars movies created by George Lucas, has a distinctive way of speaking. His statement, "Afraid you will be," violates which property of the English language?

language has a structure that is governed by rules

the first psych lab

leipzig, germany

The idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the information over and over in what we read, see on TV, and talk about with other people is called the

narrative rehearsal hypothesis

according to the behaviorist, only the study of ______ should be the emphasis of the science of psychology

observable behavior

john watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior

it is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if

one is handled by the sketch pad and the other is handled by the phonological loop

speech segmentation is defined as

organizing the sounds of speech into individual words

experience resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called

perception

Suppose you (a student) are asked by a teacher to learn a poem you will recite in front of your class. Soon after, both you and a classmate, J.P., are asked by another teacher to learn the lyrics to an unfamiliar song. When you and J.P. are later asked to remember the song lyrics, you have a much more difficult time recalling them than J.P. does. This impairment of your performance is most likely attributable to

proactive interference

______ procedures cause behaviors to decrease in probabilty or become less likely

punishment

which of the following involves procedural memory

reading a sentence in a book

Experimental evidence suggesting that the standard model of consolidation needs to be revised are data that show that the hippocampus was activated during retrieval of memories.

recent and remote episodic

You have been studying for weeks for a nursing school entrance exam. You love the idea of becoming a nurse, and you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on relaxing clothes and study in the quiet of your lovely home. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a mind set.

relaxed

elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by

repeating it over and over

coherence refers to the

representation of the text in a readers mind, so that info in one part of the text is related to info in another part of the text

Jenkins and Russell (1952) presented a list of words like "chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa" to participants. In a test, participants recalled the words in a different order than the order in which they were originally presented. This result occurred because of the

tendency of objects in the same category to become organized

shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on

the physical features of a word

if a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of

top down processing

when ira goes to restaurants and orders appetizers, he sometimes receives them within 5 minutes, sometimes 10 min, and sometimes 15 min. this describes what type of reinforcement schedule?

variable interval

What is an operant schedule in which the individual receives one reinforcement for several responses; the number of responses required varies but averages out to the ratio value?

variable ratio

which statement best summarizes the focus of the gestalt psychologists

we must understand the basic components of perception

recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that

when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, ,just as it was immediately after it was formed

which example below best demonstrates state-dependent learning

Although Emily doesn't very often think about her first love, Steve, she can't help getting caught up in happy memories when "their song" (the first song they danced to) plays on the radio.

who proposed that children language development was caused by imitation and behavioral reinforcement?

BF skinner

a person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with

STM memory

a script is a type of schema that also includes knowledge of

a sequence of actions

which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence

before the police stopped the toyota disappeared into the night

Evidence that language is a social process that must be learned comes from the fact that when deaf children find themselves in an environment where there are no people who speak or use sign language, they

invent a sign language themselves

people perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

oblique effect

behaviorists believe that the presentation of what increases frequency of behavior?

positive reinforcers

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of in LTM.

retrieval cues

Kieran found that studying for his Spanish exam made it more difficult to remember some of the vocabulary words he had just studied for his French exam earlier in the day. This is an example of

retroactive interference

Your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top drawer beside the dishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchen

schema

information remains in sensory memory for

seconds or a fraction of a second

the episodic offer direct connects to which two components it baddeleys model of memory

the central executive and long term memory

a phoneme refers to

the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of a word

evidence for the role of top down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples

when someone accurately identifies a word in a song on the radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

the founder of the first lab of psych was

wilhelm wundt

working memory differs from short term memory in that

working memory is concerned with both holding and processing info