cog retake

the effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsed is prevented, is

15-20 seconds or less

The "magic number" in short term memory according to miller is

7 plus or minus 2

Describe Baddeley's revised model of working memory. Be sure to include the three process that are involved in consolidating memory to long term memory

Central executive -> Visuospatial sketchpad-> Visual semantics. Episodic buffer-> episodic LTM. Phonological loop-> language.

Bob Mckettlefish fastens his seatbelt in order to stop the annoying buzzer than sounds when he starts his car. What mechanism is being used to increase Bob's seat belt wearing?

Negative reinforcement

the following statement represents what kind of memory? "The beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s"

semantic

Branford and Johnson's study had participant hear a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The result of this study illustrated the importance of informing reliable long term memories

an organizational context during learning

why is classical condition considering a form of implicit memory?

bc it is involves learning an association without being aware of

The "little albert" experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which of the following types of experiment

classical conditioning

Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of

cognition

memory for a word will tend to be better if the word is used in complex sentence (like "the bicycle"). This probably occurs because of complex sentences

creates more connections

The distribution of attention among two or more tasks is known as

divided attention

Some restaurants reward customers with a free meal after they have purchased ten entrees. This describes a ___ schedule of reinforcement

fixed ratio

you look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

good continuation

students, beware! Research show that ___ does not involve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material

highlight

Noam Chomsky proposed that

humans are genetically to acquire and use language

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficult remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remembering her life events and daily tasks. Her memory reflects

intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory

flashbulb memory is best represented by which of the following statements

it is the memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate

if you are folding towels that have just come out of the laundry while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the process of folding towels. this sort of similar task does not require much of your attention

low load

the main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in ;ate selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for

meaning

Stevie Allison enjoys playing football for his high school team. Stevie was not allowed to play football for three games when he got in a fight with soccer player after school. Taking away the privilege of football to decrease fighting is an example of

negative punishment

according to the behaviorist, only the study of ___ should be emphasis of the science of psychology

observable behavior

It is easier to perform two tasks as the same time if

one is handled by the sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loo[

describe the role of the phonological loop in working memory

part of working memory and works when someone says something and written material is memorized (language)

According to the situation model of text processing,

people create a mental representation of what the test is about in terms of people objects, locations, and events.

Experiences resulting from stimulating of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called

perception

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She teaches her how to hold the racket, where to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ____ memory

procedure

___ procedures cause behaviors to decrease in probability or become less likely

punishment

Which of the following involves procedural memory

reading a sentence in a book

retrogarde amnesia is usually less severe for ____ memories

recent

this multiple choice question is an example of a ___ test

recognition

In the movie Groundhog Day, Bill Murray's character grows frustrated as he experiences the same day in his life over and over again. With each "passing" day, he is able to respond to people's actions more quickly because of

repetition priming

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, song, and smells highlight the importance of ____ in LTM

retrievals cues

describe the three steps of the modal model memory

sensory memory is the process of using senses to processes information (example is the ay something felt) and then is transferred to short term memory that usually last for a short period of time. Short term memory is the process of storage that if rehearsed enough, can be kept and transferred to long term memory that will stay there for a very long time and/or forever

the three structural components of the modal model of memory are

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

the idea that the rules governing the grouping of words in a sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of the ___ approach to parsing

syntax-first

Strayer and Johnston's (2001) experimental involving stimulated driving and the use of "hands-free" vs "handheld" cell phones found that

talking on either kind of phone impairs driving performance significantly and to the same extent

One functional of ____ is to pull information out of long-term memory

the central executive

shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on

the physical features of the word

a phoneme referes

the shortest segment of speech that, changes the meaning of a word

asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers shows ____ in people's love appear to be particularly memorable

transition

A manager decided to perform unannounced checks to monitor employee performance. On Monday and Wednesday, she monitors every hour. On Tuesday and Friday, she monitors every two hours. On Thursday, she monitors every twenty minutes. This describes a ____ schedule of reinforcement

variable interval

When Ira goes to restaurants and orders appetizers, he sometimes receives them within five minutes and sometime within then minutes, and and sometime within 15 minutes. This describes a ___ schedule of reinforcement

variable interval

A task with the instructions "read the following words whole repeating 'the, the, the' out loud , look away and then then write down the words you remember" would most likely be studying

visuospatial sketch pad

which set of stimuli would be the selection for having people perform a lexical decision task

words "pizza, history" and non-words "pebble, girk"

working memory differs from short-term memory in that

working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information