Cognition Chapter 5 Review

When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This occurs because:

the length of iconic memory (the persistence of vision) is about 1/25th of a second.

Information remains in sensory memory for:

A second or a fraction of a second

Being given the letters "C" and "T" to remember but incorrectly recalling them as "V" or "B" would be called:

Acoustic confusions

Joe and Margo are headed to the grocery store but need to write their grocery list first. Margo is reading off items to Joe to write down. As she is rattling off items, Joe exclaims, "Slow down! I can't keep all of these items in my mind long enough to get them written. I keep forgetting items." Margo has listed too many items and has exceeded his ________ for number of items he can store into his short-term memory.

Capacity

Which part of the Baddeley's working memory model is posited to control the flow of information?

Central executive

___________ tests are one example of a task researchers to use to explore areas of the brain that are active while participants are actively trying to hold information in their working memory to apply to a future task.

Delayed match

A brief store of auditory information will be held for a few seconds in the _____________, a form of sensory memory.

Echoic memory

Your grandmother is excited because she just signed up to take a "brain training" course through an online game developer. You would tell her:

I hope you didn't pay a lot! Although working memory is important, the skills you learn may not transfer to tasks in your daily life.

Which of the following might you expect from someone with a higher memory span?

If working in a chaotic environment they may be better able to focus on the task at hand and ignore external visual and auditory information compared to someone with lower memory span.

Which of the following cognitive functions use the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval?

Motion perception, Learning names, Applying previously learned math formulas on a test, Remembering a friend's phone number

The ability to "write" in the air with sparklers is theorized to be possible because of our:

Persistence of vision

According to Baddeley, trying to "replay" a phone number in your mind in order to remember it uses which part of your working memory?

Phonological loop

Mary is trying to commit the names of her new co-workers to her long-term memory by associating each name with a rhyme or an object. During a company meeting a week later, she happily discovers that she is able to successfully __________ each name from her long-term memory

Recall

Dustin has started dating Jolene and discovers that he is so infatuated with her that he struggles to even remember his old girlfriends' names. His inability to remember the older names is an example of:

Retroactive interference

Sarah is studying for her chemistry test. She decides to create mnemonic devices to better facilitate her _______________ of the material.

Encoding

Chase and Simon (1973) tested short-term memory capacity between novice and expert chess players. What was the significance of their findings?

Expert chess players were more likely to remember only meaningful chunks of information that related to the game.

While completing a spatial rotation task (e.g., imagining rotating objects in your mind), which area of your brain may be active to support this task?

Frontal lobes

Working memory capacity has been correlated with, and shown to predict, which of the following?

General intelligence

In general, where does working memory occur in the brain?

In several regions across the cortex

Why were phone numbers originally designed to have 7 digits?

It is the average capacity to our short-term memory.

Order the following stores of memory in order of the duration they store information (longest to shortest).

Long-term memory, Short-term memory, Sensory-memory

Compared to sensory memory, Short-term memory has:

Low capacity: long duration

Learning new material for the upcoming exam that makes it harder to remember material from the last exam is an example of:

Retroactive interference

The conclusion from the experiment in which a chess master and a chess novice (beginner) were asked to remember the positions of chess pieces on a chess board was that:

chess masters did better only when possible real game arrangements were used.