cognitive exam 2

regarding free recall of a list of items, which of the following will most likely cause the recency effect to disappear?

counting backward for 30 seconds before recall

in sperlings work on iconic storage, when the time between display of letters and the presentation of the tone was varied, it was possible to:

estimate the duration of iconic storage

bahricks study on learning spanish demonstrated that regarding the duration of memory:

forgetting takes place over a period of 3 to 5 years with very little forgetting thereafter

the accurate recall, by high school graduates, of the names and faces of classmates over long periods may be explained by:

occasional rehearsal through reminiscing

if a person has a digit span of two, this indicates that he has ____ memory.

poor short term

the purpose of having participants count backward by threes in the peterson and peterson experiment was to:

prevent rehearsal

the type of memory that is a permanent store consisting of memory for words, concepts, names, facts, rules, and abstract ideas is referred to as ____ memory:

semantic

the three structural components of the atkinson and schriffins modal model of memory are:

sensory memory, short-term memory, long term memory

sternbergs research on retrieval from STM (i.e. searching for a probe item in memory) demonstrated that memory search is:

serial exhaustive

it has been shown that if you add one additional item to a list, which does not need to be remembered, you block the person's ability to recall what was said last. this phenomenon is referred to as:

suffix effect

which of the following items provides evidence for the phonological loop:

counting

the phenomenon of chunking in STM suggests that:

STM and LTM interact

VLTM are memories that last:

more than 3 months

which of the following represents the most effective chunking of the digit sequence 14929111776?

1492 911 1776

echoic memory has an estimated duration of:

3 seconds to 5 seconds

it is commonly held that STM holds:

5-9 items

the reason for the primacy and recency effect is that the first material is stored in ______, the last material is processed in _____, and the middle material has not been encoded.

LTM; STM

lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. his boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. at the first group, lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. the same thing happens with a second and a third group. at the fourth group, lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. a little while later, lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the woman he met (the accountant). lamar's experience demonstrates:

a build up and release of proactive interference

because participants demonstrate a "release" form proactive interference (PI) with the introduction of a new category of words (e.g. flowers rather than more dogs), it is suggested that STM operated by means of:

a semantic code

the duration of iconic storage (in a well-lit visual field) seems to be:

about 1 second

the duration of iconic storage (in a dark visual field) seems to be:

about 4-5 seconds

LTM is thought to:

all of the statements in this question are true

clive wearing, the ex-choral director, experienced what memory problem

an inability to form most new long-term memories

information in STM:

can be maintained by rehearsal

memory for physical skills and conditioning is stored in the:

cerebellum

imagine you are driving to a friends new house. in your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. once you arrive, you stop thinking about the address and start to think about buying a housewarming gift for your friend. to remember the address, you used a(n) ______ process in STM.

coding

jocelyn is in an experiment where she is presented words representing categories. She is presented the word "furniture" in an earlier trial, which makes it easier for her later to recall the word "chair" because of the similarity of meaning. Jocelyn's memory enhancement for "chair" due to seeing the word "furniture" illustrates:

conceptual priming

you are having thanksgiving dinner with your family and friends. your friend asks you to pass the mashed potatoes. you say "what?" before your friend has a chance to respond, you hear their voice inside you head asking for the mashed potatoes. you say "never mind" and pass the mashed potatoes. this phenomenon provides evidence for the existence of:

echoic storage

which of the following involves relating to-be-remembered information to other facts one already knows:

elaborative rehearsal

the type of memory that encompasses events in one's life and is subject to change over time is referred to as ____ memory:

episodic

in baddleys model, the subsystem that holds information integrated across time and space is the:

episodic buffer

if basketball legend shaquille o'neal wanted to remember his 16 digit credit card number, which of the following memory techniques would you recommend?

he should think of the umbers as a sequence of basketball statistics

H.M was asked to complete the Tower of Hanoi puzzle on multiple occasions. his performance over trials:

improved

when investigating the serial position curve, presenting the word list at a slower pace

increases both the primacy and the recency effects

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests:

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory

the duration of STM is:

less than 30 seconds

the levels-of-processing model of memory holds that:

memory is a result of information processing operations

katherine nelson suggests that different types of long term memory develop in a particular order. which of the following is the correct order (from first to develop to latest to develop) for the development of the different types of LTM?

procedural, semantic, episodic

some instructors assign homework because they believe that if you solve the homework problems yourself (rather than the instructor just telling you the answer), you will better remember how to solve the problems on the exam. these instructors are making use of:

the generation effect

in sperlings experiment on iconic storage, a partial report consisted of naming:

the letters of one row of the letter matrix that was indicated by a tone or marker

one possible function of the iconic and echoic perceptual stores is that they might allow us:

the opportunity to extract information to be used for further processing

a task with the instructions "read the following words while repeating 'the, the, the' out loud, look away, and then write down the words you remember" would most likely be studying:

the phonological loop

the word-length effect reveals that:

the phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity

a common phenomenon is that people remember information related to their hobbies and interests better than other types of information. according to psychologists this improved memory performance is due to:

the self-reference effect

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sensory register?

the storage space for sensory information is very small

imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, to dorm to your first class. your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on:

the visuospatial sketchpad

the primary function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad in working memory is:

to store and manipulate visual or spatial information

if your instructor tells you that you will be taking multiple choice exam but they hand you an essay exam, your performance may suffer because the conditions under which you are being asked to retrieve information do not match the conditions under which you put the information into memory. what memory principle can best be applied to this situation:

transfer appropriate processing

research with delayed matching of letters (e.g. Aa or AB) indicates that STM code was:

visual

according to the "levels of processing" experiment, which of the following questions about the word "pen" would best prepare you to correctly remember later that you had seem that word in todays test:

would the word fit in this sentence: "the boy put the on his desk"