Cognitive Neuroscience Chapter 2

Which of the following statements best describes how neurons communicate with one another? A chemical process takes place in the synapse. An electrical process takes place in the receptors. Action potentials travel across the synapse. The end of one neuron makes direct contact with the receiving end of another neuron.

A chemical process takes place in the synapse.

Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain? Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital

Temporal

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function? Brain areas are specialized for specific functions. Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli. All of the above. Specific areas of the brain serve different functions.

all of the above

The neuron doctrine is synonymous with nerve net theory. in disagreement with nerve net theory. in agreement with nerve net theory. unrelated to nerve net theory.

in disagreement with nerve net theory.

Which part of the brain is important for touch, pressure, and pain? Occipital lobe Hippocampus Parietal lobe Temporal lobe

parietal

The layer of neurons that lines the back of the eye is called the reference electrode. feature detector. retina. grandmother cell.

retina

Which of the following brain imaging techniques, discovered in 1908, is now a standard technique for detecting tumors and other brain abnormalities? X-ray imaging Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

MRI

The key structural components of neurons are axon, dendrites, and glands. transmitters, dendrites, and nodes of Ranvier. cell body, dendrites, and axon. cell body, cellular membrane, and transmitters.

cell body, dendrites, and axon.

If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a picket fence. brick wall. chain link fence. solid wall.

picket fence

The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with Broca's aphasia. prosopagnosia. Wernicke's aphasia. Alzheimer's disease.

prosopagnosia

Ramon is looking at pictures of scantily clad women in a magazine. He is focusing on their body parts, particularly their chest and legs. Which part of Ramon's brain is activated by this viewing? Extrastriate body area (EBA) Parahippocampal place area (PPA) Fusiform face area (FFA) Functional magnetic area (FMA)

EBA

A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of a receptor in the retina that responds when the face is present. a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces. a feature detector that fires specifically to that face. a group of neurons that all respond only to that face.

a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces.

Brain-imaging techniques can determine all of the following EXCEPT areas of the brain activated during cognitive tasks. the structure of individual neurons. patterns of blood flow in the brain. localization of brain activity in response to a specific stimulus.

the structure of individual neurons.

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support ____ coding. divergence sparse specificity distributed

sparse

Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage? Parahippocampal place area (PPA) Extrastriate body area (EBA) Fusiform face area (FFA) Functional magnetic area (FMA)

PPA

Early studies of brain tissue that used staining techniques and microscopes from the 19th century described the "nerve net." These early understandings were in error in the sense that the nerve net was believed to be composed of discrete individual units. composed of neurotransmitters rather than neurons. continuous. composed of cell bodies, axons, and dendrites.

continuous.

You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: its color, movement, shape, location, and so forth. All of these features are processed by the grandmother cells in the brain. in one localized area of the brain. through fMRI potentials. in different parts of the brain.

in different parts

Barbara has recently been diagnosed with a rather aggressive form of abdominal cancer. Her oncologist is interested in determining the best way to treat her so that the tumors can be eliminated. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and giving her normal digestive functioning. Barbara is also seeing a psychologist, whose goal is to help her stay calm, relaxed, and keep her anxiety as minimal as possible while keeping her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of ________ presented in your textbook. idiographic evaluation unitary explanations levels of analysis nomothetic examination

levels of analysis

Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called ________. neuronal bridges neural networks fused conduits synaptic vesicles

networks

Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as potentiated somas. myelin sheaths. neural circuits. spreading activations.

neural circuits.

If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the _____ in the receptor's axon. speed of nerve conduction rate of nerve firing size of the nerve impulses all of these

rate of nerve firing

The occipital lobe is the part of the cerebral cortex where the visual cortex is located. important for language, memory, hearing, and vision. where signals are received from the sensory system for touch. important for higher functions such as language, thought, and memory, as well as motor functioning.

the part of the cerebral cortex where the visual cortex is located.

Action potentials occur in the cell body. synapse. neurotransmitters. axon.

axon

Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for neural net theory. distributed processing. localization of function. prosopagnosia.

localization of function.