Cognitive Psych Ch. 2

Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to which area of the brain? A. Broca's area B. Parahippocampal place area (PPA) C. Extrastriate body area (EBA) D. Wernicke's area

A. Broca's area

Brain imaging has made it possible to ___________ A. determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes B. view individual neurons in the brain C. show how environment energy is transformed into neural energy D. view propagation of action potentials

A. determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes

The _________ lobe of the cortex receives information from all of the senses and is responsible for coordination of the senses, as well as higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem solving. A. subcortical B. frontal C. occipital D. parietal

B. frontal

The value that stays the same as long as there are no signals in the neuron is known as _________ A. nerve impulse B. resting potential C. action potential D. nerve transmission

B. resting potential

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function? A. Specific areas of the brain serve different functions B. Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli C. Brain areas are specialized for specific functions D. All of these are correct

D. All of these are correct

Which organ is unique in that it appears to be static tissue? A. Heart B. Brain C. Lungs D. Kindey

B. Brain

What does the principal of neural representation state? A. Everything a person experiences is based on representations in the person's nervous system. B. Everything a person experiences is based on the position of neurotransmitters in the person's nervous system. C. Everything a person experiences is based on position of synapses in the person's nervous system. D. Everything a person experiences is based on the capacity of receptors in the person's nervous system.

A. Everything a person experiences is based on representations in the person's nervous system.

Why is it easier to study brain tissue from newborn animals than brain tissue from adults? A. The density of cells in a newborn brain is small compared with the density in an adult human. B. The density of cells in a newborn brain is higher compared with the density in an adult human. C. The nerve net system in newborn animals is less developed. D. The nerve net system in newborn animals is more developed.

A. The density of cells in a newborn brain is small compared with the density in an adult human.

A 10-month old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the ____________ lobe. A. parietal B. occipital C. frontal D. temporal

A. parietal

The idea that an object could be represented by the firing of a specialized neuron that responds only to that object is called ______________. A. specificity coding B. population coding C. sparse coding D. hierarchical coding

A. specificity coding

Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage. A. Fusiform face area (FFA) B. Parahippocampal place area (PPA) C. Extrastriate body area (EBA) D. Functional magnetic area (FMA)

B. Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

Taking clay and sand to create bricks, which are then used to build modular wall panels, which are then assembled to construct tall buildings, is similar to which of the following neural concepts? A. Specificity coding B. Localization of function C. Hierarchical processing D. Distributed representation

C. Hierarchical processing

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to specificity coding? A. It is probably accurate, which explains why the human nervous system contains over one hundred billion nerves. B. Research has found that specificity encoding does occur for lower animals, such as dogs and cats, but has not found this phenomenon to exist in humans. C. It is unlikely to be correct because there are too many stimuli in the world to have a separate neuron for each. D. Specificity coding is one of the areas that is only theoretical and not applied, and thus there is no way to know if it truly exists in humans.

C. It is unlikely to be correct because there are too many stimuli in the world to have a separate neuron for each.

The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with __________? A. Broca's aphasia B. Wernicke's aphasia C. Prosopagnosia D. Alzheimer's disease

C. Prosopagnosia

The key structural components of neurons are the _______ A. cell body, cellular membrane, and transmitters B. axon, dendrites, and glands C. cell body, dendrites, and axons D. transmitters, dendrites, and nodes of Ranvier

C. cell body, dendrites, and axons

You are walking down the street and see a nice car drive by. You notice its color, movement, and shape. All of these features are processed __________________ A. in one localized area of the brain B. by a specific object neuron C. in different parts of the brain D. through fMRI potentials

C. in different parts of the brain

Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of ____________ A. cortical association B. dissociation C. localization of function D. the information processing approach

C. localization of function

Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as _____________ A. myelin sheaths B. potentiated somas C. neural circuits D. spreading activations

C. neural circuits

What is the metabolic center of and individual neuron? A. Nerve B. Connectome C. Axon D. Cell body

D. Cell body

Which part of the nervous system picks up information from the outside environment? A. Dendrites B. Axons C. Synapses D. Receptors

D. Receptors

Before the advent of intercoms, old mansions has a sash in each room. Each sash was connected to a bell on a master board in the servant's office. When someone pulled a sash in a particular room, a bell corresponding to the room would ring on the master board, informing a servant where to go to provide assistance. This system is similar to which of the following? A. Sparce coding B. Localization coding C. Population coding D. Specificity coding

D. Specificity coding

When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented by the ____________ A. size of the action potential B. size of the synapse C. firing rate of the neurotransmitters D. firing rate of the action potentials

D. firing rate of the action potentials

If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of __________ A. brick wall B. chain link fence C. solid wall D. picket fence

D. picket fence

It's often said that "life does not exist in a vacuum." However, the emptiness of __________ is critical for brain functioning. A. nerves B. recptors C. dendrites D. synapses

D. synapses

A synapse is ______ A. a tube filled with fluid that conducts electrical signals B. the structure that contains mechanisms to keep a neuron alive. C. the structure that receives electrical signals from other neurons D. the gap that separates two different neurons

D. the gap that separates two different neurons