Cognitive psych exam 1

15. True or False: All connectionist models share the assumption that there must be a central processor that directs the flow of information.

False

22. True or False: Broca's area is found in the left frontal lobe, while Wernicke's area is located in the right temporal lobe.

False

24. True or False: After a head injury, Sarah has trouble coordinating muscle activity. Sarah most likely suffered damage to the thalamus______.

False

29. True or False: The greatest amount of "brain real estate" in the somatosensory cortex is given to the largest muscles in the body.

False

38. True or False: One means of studying visual perception and pattern recognition has been to place microelectrodes in the frontal lobe of animals and record neural activity in that area (e.g., Hubel & Wiesel).

False

45. True or False: Prototype matching theory argues that percepts are compared to lists of features in memory.

False

5. True or False: The belief that most of our abilities and tendencies are with us from birth is known as empiricism.

False

7. True or False: Historians date the founding of scientific psychology to the 1879 laboratory of William James.

False

8. True or False: You are given a 200 piece jigsaw puzzle to put together but are not shown what the completed puzzle looks like. You start by putting individual pieces together, then grouping them into larger and larger groups until you have put the entire puzzle together. This would be an example of "top-down" processing.

False

12. True or False: Humans process many different pieces of information at the same time (parallel) while computers (so far) can only process information one piece at a time (serial).

True

14. True or False: The term "external validity" refers to the relevance of the research to the "real world."

True

17. True or False: The idea of a grandmother cell is consistent with specificity coding.

True

26. True or False: The left and right hemispheres of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes are connected by the corpus callosum.

True

34. True or False: In WWII, fighter pilots and gunners in bombers needed to be able to quickly and accurately differentiate enemy from friendly aircraft from many different angles in order not to shoot down friendlies. In technical terms these airmen needed good "viewpoint independent" object recognition.

True

39. True or False: The retinal image of a book on a shelf is a good example of a proximal stimulus.

True

47. True or False: Expert wine tasters are able to identify not only a cabernet sauvignon, but also the actual year that it was bottled and the vineyard that produced it. This is a good example of perceptual learning.

True

49. True or False: In Gibson's theory, the acts or behaviors permitted by objects, places, and events are called affordances.

True

2. The earliest theories about cognitive abilities date back to ______. a. Aristotle and Plato b. John Locke c. Sigmund Freud d. Williams James

A. Aristotle and Plato

18. The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with a. Broca's aphasia. b. Wernicke's aphasia. c. prosopagnosia. d. Alzheimer's disease.

C. prosopagnosia

31. Which of the following assumptions of phrenology was basically correct? a. Different parts of the brain control different functions. b. The size of a portion of the brain corresponds to its relative power. c. Bumps on the skull coincide with enlarged brain areas. d. Different brain faculties are absolutely independent of each other.

A. Different parts of the brain control different functions

50. Face perception most closely matches to what theory of perceptual psychology? a. Gestalt psychology b. featural analysis c. direct perception d. template matching

A. Gestalt psychology

3. A "paradigm shift" is a term used to describe a. a major change from one accepted scientific point of view to a new one within a brief period of time. b. the way in which information flows in the information processing model. c. the way in which a pair of thoughts can move from one area of the brain to another. d. none of these

A. a major change from one accepted scientific point of view to a new one within a brief period of time

48. According to the ______ model, the word superiority effect occurs because a letter presented in the context of a word activates not only the relevant node for the word, but also each of the letters within the word. a. connectionist b. prototype c. direct perception d. featural analysis

A. connectionist

23. Evolutionary structures within the ______ are the most primitive. a. hindbrain b. thalamus c. forebrain d. midbrain

A. hindbrain

28. Injury to Broca's area results in an inability to ______. a. produce language fluently b. understand spoken language c. understand written language d. write

A. produce language fluently

25. Damage to the thalamus might result in an inability to______. a. relay sensory information from one part of the brain to another b. coordinate muscle activity c. use our sense of smell d. all of these

A. relay sensory info from one part of the brain to another

11. Which of the following is NOT associated with the work of Francis Galton? a. the development of cognitive ability from childhood through old age b. the inheritability of intellectual abilities c. the measurement of individual differences d. the study of mental imagery

A. the development of a cognitive ability from childhood through old age

9. The acronym "LAD" refers to a. Chomsky's "Latent Attentional Disorder" b. Chomsky's "Language Acquisition Device" c. Tolman's "Learned Attentional Dispositions" d. none of these

B. Chomsky's Latent Attentional disorder

16. Neurons that respond to specific qualities (e.g., such as orientation, movement, and length) that make up objects are called a. retinal cells. b. feature detectors. c. directional cones d. none of these

B. Feature detectors

10. Which of these early "schools" of Psychology comes closest to contemporary cognitive psychology? a. Structuralism b. Functionalism c. Behaviorism d. Gestalt

B. Functionalism

21. Walking across campus you see the construction crew, smell the exhaust of the machines, and hear them talking. Although different elements of this experience (sight, sound, smell, etc) are processed in different parts of the brain you experience everything together in a single moment. In cognitive neuroscience the question of how it all "comes together" is called the a. rationalist's dilemma b. binding problem c. distributed function question d. modularity enigma

B. binding problem

36. The mental image viewpoint of an object that best represents the object is called the ________ perspective. a. Platonic b. Canonic c. GEONIC d. Omniscient

B. canonic

32. Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of. This theory of unconscious inference was developed by a. Gestalt psychologists b. Helmholtz c. Gibson d. Wundt

B. helmholtz

20. If a patient has severe damage to the prefrontal cortex, you would predict that he might have difficulty a. identifying visually complex materials. b. planning, paying attention, and getting organized. c. identifying objects by touch. d. understanding speech

B. planning, paying attention, and getting organized

33. Gestalt psychology emphasized that pattern recognition relies on: a. social and cultural patterns of experience b. the perception of the whole pattern of stimuli c. the development of higher order thinking d. none of these

B. the perception of the whole pattern of stimuli

4. Which of the following assumptions about the mind was a cornerstone of Behaviorism. a. The mind does not exist. b. It is important to link mind and behavior. c. It is not necessary to use the "mind" as a way of explaining behavior. d. all of these

C. It is not necessary to use the mind as a way of explaining behavior

37. Geon theory proposes that recognition of an object: a. is determined by a single area in the lower right temporal lobe b. is based upon comparisons with an abstract concept c. consists of recognition of simple geometric "primitives" d. none of these

C. consists of recognition of simple geometric primitives

30. Which of the following neuropsychological method(s) provide(s) information about the amount of dynamic blood flow to various regions of the brain? a. CAT scans b. MRI c. fMRI d. EEG

C. fMRI

1. That guest star on your favorite television show looks familiar. You are sure that you have seen him before, but you are unable to think of his name. The fact that you know you have seen the face before, however, illustrates the cognitive process of ______. a. perception b. attention c. recognition d. problem solving

C. recognition

43. Your smart phone can respond to a limited number of voice commands such as "Open ....", "Phone ... ", and "Text ...." However, it (should!) respond only to your voice, and you must train the phone by pronouncing the commands in a very precise manner. A command spoken by a voice of the wrong gender, the wrong accent, or in the wrong tone will not be recognized. This is a common example of a system that operates on a system of ______. a. featural analysis b. pandemonium c. template matching d. prototype matching

C. template matching

46. In David Marr's model of vision, which stage of the process incorporates top-down knowledge? a. the primal sketch b. the 2½ D sketch c. the 3-D sketch d. both the primal sketch and the 2½ D sketch

C. the 3d sketch

27. Who originated the idea of localization of function? a. Paul Broca b. William James c. Wilhelm Wundt d. Franz Gall

D. Franz Gall

6. The person who focused his attention on understanding cognition in children was a. Edward Tolman b. William James c. Wilhelm Wundt d. Jean Piaget

D. Jean piaget

35. Top-down" processes are said to be a. "conceptually driven" b. "hypothesis driven" c. affected by prior knowledge, experience, etc. d. any of these

D. any of thse

19. The case of H.M. demonstrated that the hippocampus is important in ____. a. routing information from our sense receptors to the appropriate areas in the cortex. b. producing visual images c. linking fear responses to memory d. forming memories for events

D. forming memories for events

44. Neisser's research, described in the text, utilizing a visual search of this array showed that ______. a. people took equal amounts of time to find the Q or the Z b. people took longer to find the Q than to find the Z c. people were often unable to find the letter Q at all d. people took longer to find the Z than to find the Q

D. people took longer to find the z than to find the q

41. All Gestalt principles follow the law of ______. a. closure b. good continuation c. common fate d. Prägnanz

D. pragnanz

13. The interdisciplinary field of cognitive science brings together all of the following fields EXCEPT ______. a. philosophy b. linguistics c. computer science d. psychoanalysis

D. psychoanalysis

42. Anne is driving down a residential street on a Saturday afternoon and expects that she may see children playing outside on such a sunny, warm day. Out of the corner of her eye, she detects movement between two parked cars at the side of the road. She immediately presses the brake, interpreting the movement as that of a child. Later she is relieved to see that the movement came from an empty paper bag that is blowing in the wind. Anne's initial perception of the movement as that of a child can best be explained through the notion of ______. a. size constancy b. retinal image c. template matching d. top-down processing

D. top down processing

40. When you let go of a balloon and it floats away from you into the sky, the size of the retinal image gets smaller and smaller. However, you do not perceive the balloon as shrinking. This is an example of ______. a. pattern recognition b. bottom-up processing c. size constancy d. figure-ground organization

D.figure ground organization