College Bio Chapter 4

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle? A) lysosomes B) golgi apparatus C) ribosomes D) chloroplasts E) mitochondria

B

Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work? A) nucleus B) chloroplast C) golgi apparatus D) mitochondria E) vacuole

D

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to A) transport water into the cytoplasm B) divide C) perform metabolic reactions D) bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body E) allow the passage of H+ ions into the cell

D

Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function A) golgi appartus - protein synthesis B) vacuole - control center C) endoplasmic reticulum - houses DNA D) lysosome - transport E) mitochondrion - cellular respiration

E

Which of the following would be able to pass freely through a plasma membrane? A) CO2 B) NaOH C) C10H13N5O4 D) C6H12O6 E) H2O

a

Adaptations

a modification in an organism, making it more suitable for its environment

solvent

able to dissolve

Organism

anything living

acids

anything that give off hydrogen atoms

Bases

anything that give off hydroxide atoms

matter

anything that has mass and takes up space; inertia

Glycogen

chains of sugr created by insullin in liver; stored energy in us

Evolution

changes in a population over time to make them better adapted

Taxonomy

classification of organisms

protist

complex, unicellular organism; eukaryote, kingdom

organic chemistry

contains carbon and hydrogen

A general eukaryotic cell is typically in the area of A) 1-10 micrometers B) 10-100 mm C) 0-1 mm D) 10-100 micrometers E) 1-10 nm

d

fungus

decomposers; eukaryote, kingdom

inorganic chemistry

doesn't contain carbon

hydrophobic

doesn't like water

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell A) does not require energy B) is larger C) has no method of movement D) is not living E) lacks organelles beyond ribosomes

e

hypothesis

educated guess

nonpolar covalent bond

even sharing

cellulose

fiber used for structure, shape, and support in cell wall

ionic bond

giving/taking of electrons; positive and negative ends attract

control group

goes through all the steps of the experiment but is not exposed to the variable; used for comparison

DNA

instructions to build

carbohydrate

long chain of sugars; lasting energy

hydrophillic

loves water

Homeostasis

maintaining a norm

monosaccaride

monomer of carbs; simple sugar

animals

multicellular consumers; eukaryote, kingdom

polysccaride

polymer of carbs; starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan

pH scale

power of hydrogen in a solution

atom

the smallest part of matter with properties

Reproduce

to produce a new individual of the same kind

biodiversity

total number of different species on earth

polar covalent bond

uneven shring due to electronegtivity

True or false-- the hydrophilic parts of the plasma membrane face the outside of the cell and the cytoplasm

true

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to A) produce ATP B) manufacture phospholipids C) break down proteins D) produce glucose E) produce lipids

A

Surface-to-volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by: A) developing finger-like projections B) using phagocytosis to pull the membrane inward C) using amoeboid movement to spread out further D) having multiple membranes surrounding them

A

The nucleus has a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus, the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes. To exit the nucleus, these molecules must A) pass through pores that span both membranes B) attach to carrier molecules that carry them through the membrane C) be transported across the two membranes by means of vesicles D) diffuse through the double membrane into the cytoplasm E) pass through carrier proteins which use ATP to transport molecules

A

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infection. The antibiotic combines with the bacteria's ribosomes causing them to lose their function. Consequently, the cells die and the person gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by A) not allowing them to produce proteins B) stopping them from being able to move C) preventing them from packaging materials D) stopping photosynthesis E) stopping the production of ATP energy

A

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used? A) mRNA - nucleus and cytoplasm B) proteins - ribosome C) DNA - nucleus D) glucose - lysosome E) rRNA - cytoplasm

D

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through, A) a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads. B) a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophobic layer of phospholipid heads C) a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, and then another hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails D) a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads E) a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails

A

Below is a diagram of a bacterium? What structure does Y represent? A) nucleoid B) flagella C) cell wall D) capsule E) fimbriae

A

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a A) cell from a fish B) bacteria cell C) cell from a cactus D) cell from a mushroom E) cell from a paramecium

B

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium- a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a A) electron microscope B) light microscope C) magnifying glass D) dissecting microscope E) unaided eye

B

In which way are vesicles different from vacuoles? A) they are most often involved in storage B) they are smaller C) vesicles are more specialized than vacuoles D) they are not made from membranes E) they are primarily found in plant cells

B

A tadpole that is undergoing metamorphosis into a frog and losing the need for a tail would see abundant numbers of which organelle to help assist in the tail loss? A) microtubles B) smooth ER C) centrioles D) lysosomes E) vacuoles

D

atomic number

number of protons

surface tension

only has to share three ways; attractive

Eukaryote

organism with a nucleus

mass number

protons + neutrons

chitin

provides structure for arthropods

ion

same element, different number fo electrons; charged

covalent bond

sharing of electron pairs

Prokaryote

single-celled organism without a nucleus

monomer

smalles functional unit with all properties

Starch

stored energy in plants

A prokaryotic cell A) does not have cytoplasm B) has no DNA C) does not have a membrane-bound nucleus D) is typically larger than a eukaryotic cell E) does not have ribosomes

C

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both A) contain DNA B) are involved in helping to maintain cell shape C) are involved in protein production for the cell D) are membranous sacs involved in storage E) are involved in cellular waste processing

A

Identify the organelle - function pairing that is correct A) plasma membrane - provides strength to plant cell walls B) flagella - long, tail-like structure used in mobility of some cells C) nucleus - houses the DNA used for controlling all cell function D) ribosomes - capable of producing proteins for the cell E) lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes that can digest molecules or cellular components

A

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to A) pass through the membrane via proteins B) be converted into other types of molecules so that they meet the specific traits necessary C) pass through the membrane via pores of carbs D) be broken down into their constituent atoms to move through the membrane E) pass through the membrane via acids

A

Cell size is limited because ___ is critical to a cell's function A) the ability to photosynthesize B) cilia movement C) surface-are-to-volume ratio D) the number of microvilli E) the size of the nucleus

C

Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a double membrane called the nucleus. The nucleus functions to A) prevent the DNA from influencing the activities in the cytoplasm B) separate the DNA and mRNA from the cytoplasm C) separate the DNA from other activities that occur in the cytoplasm D) prevent materials associated with the DNA from coming into contact with the cell's cytoplasm E) separate the DNA from the RNA

C

Receptor proteins A) are found embedded in the nuclear membrane and transmit information to the cell's cytoplasm on how to make a protein from DNA B) receive incoming nutrients and store them until they re needed by the cell C) transmit info from outside the cell so that the cell can respond to stimuli D) only function in very specific cell types that receive sensory information E) receive large molecules and transmit them through the membrane

C

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have A) a nucleus and a cell membrane B) a cell membrane and cytoplasm C) DNA and a cell membrane D) cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA E) cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and a nucleus

D

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called A) cristae B) stroma C) chloroplast D) granum E) thylakoid space

D

Which of the following human cells would contain cilia? A) red blood cell B) sperm C) bone cell D) cell from the trachea (windpipe) E) neuron

D

Which of the following is not a function of the endomembrane system? A) manufactures molecules B) assists in moving materials from one part of the cell to another C) prepares molecules for export from the cell D) acts as the control center of the cell E) provides a place for produced cellular materials to be refined

D

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast? A) it converts chemical energy into heat energy B) it stores water C) it aids in intracellular digestion D) it converts light energy into chemical energy E) it maufactures proteins

D

Chromosomes are made from A) cell recognition proteins B) expanded ribosomes C) expanded polysaccharides D) condensed vesicles E) condensed chromatin

E

Mitochondria are found in A) animal cells only B) plant cells C) animal cells and bacteria cells only D) neither plant cells nor animal cells E) both plant cells and animal cells

E

Some proteins within a cell can be viewed with A) the human eye B) a dissecting microscope C) a light microscope D) a magnifying glass E) an electron microscope

E

The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity? A) to attach to the cytoskeleton on the interior of the cell and maintain the cell in a position relative to other cells B) to maintain the membrane's fluidity C) to catalyze reactions that are crucial to the cell's functioning D) to transport molecules across the membrane E) to allow one cell to recognize another of the same type or from the same body

E

Which feature is found in all cells? A) flagella B) nucleus containing DNA C) cell wall composed of cellulose D) nucleoid region that contains DNA E) plasma membrane composed of photosynthesis

E

Which of the following is not a type of intracellular protein? A) microtubules B) kinesin C) actin filments D) myosin E) cellulose

E

Which of the following structures would not be found in a prokaryotic cell? A) ribosomes B) flagella C) cell membrane D) chromosomes E) nucleus

E

True or False -- The nuclear membrane differs from the plasma membrane in that the nuclear membrane is a single layer of phospholipids

False

plants

multicellular producers; eukaryote, kingdom

Polymer

multiple monomers put together

Buffer

neutralizes and acid or a base

Photosynthesis

using sunlight as energy, CO2 and H2O are produced and made into simple sugrs and oxygen

valence shell

where chemical activity takes place; electrons

RNA

workers that build

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells? A) both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall. B) plant cells only have a cell wall, and animal cells only have a plasma membrane C) both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall. D) both plant and animal cells have a cell wall, but only animal cells have a plasma membrane E) plant cells only have a plasma membrane, and animal cells only have a cell wall.

A

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell? A) rough endoplasmic reticulum - golgi apparatus - plasma membrane B) golgi apparatus - smooth ER - plasma membrane C) golgi apparatus - ribosome - plasma membrane D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane - golgi apparatus E) nucleus - smooth ER - golgi apparatus

A

Which of the following organelles is not involved in producing substances needed by a cell? A) lysosome B) rough ER C) smooth ER D) ribosome E) peroxisome

A

Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is seeking to fertilize an egg cell? A) mitochondria B) lysosomes C) ribosomes D) golgi apparatus E) smooth ER

A

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? A) vacuole B) plasma membrane C) nucleus D) lysosome E) ribosome

B

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged? A) plasma membrane B) golgi apparatus C) ribosomes D) smooth ER E) Rough ER

B

Which of the following is an incorrect match? A) ribosomes - protein synthesis B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water C) mitochondria - production of cellular ATP D) lysosomes - cellular digestion E) Golgi Apparatus - protein alteration and packaging

B

Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using A) the plasma membrane B) cilia C) flagella D) the cytoskeleton E) condensed chromatin

D

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both ___, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ___. A) are found in bacteria; are used to capture radiant energy and convert it into chemical energy B) are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells C) produce glucose needed for cellular processes; are found in plant cells D) are responsible for cell movements; help to produce the microtubules seen in cilia E) are organellse involved in the production of proteins; are found in animal cells

B

Resolving power is the A) focusing mechanism used to bring objects clearly into view B) ability to tell two points apart as separate points C) ability to make an object larger D) depth of the specimen clearly in focus

B

The only molecules that can pass freely through the plasma membrane are ones that are A) polar B) small and hydrophobic C) small and polar D) positively charged E) small and negatively charged

B

What function does the nucleolus have? A) prepares products for export from the cell B) codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA C) houses the chromatin D) contains the majority of cellular DNA E) contains enzymes for intracellular digestion

B

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide? A) increased space for protein synthesis B) greater ability to allow for osmosis C) greater surface area for ATP production D) greater ability to remove waste from the cell cytosol E) increased surface area for photosynthesis

C

Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane? A) mitochondrion B) lysosomes C) ribosomes D) nucleus E) chloroplasts

C