College Biology, Ch. 9-10 Quiz Notes

- forms a cell plate - plasma membrane and cell wall forms between two daughter cells - new cells are strengthened by cellulose fibrils

Cytokinesis in Plants

DNA is usually loosely tangled and bound with _____ to form _____ .

histones,chromatin

In human females, when is meiosis II completed?

immediately after the sperm penetration of the secondary oocyte

It is during _____ that the cell prepares for mitotic division

interphase

After _____, the resulting 2 daughter nuclei are _____, meaning they each contain one chromosome from each homologue.

telophase I, haploid

During ______, the spindle disappears and 4 haploid daughter cells result.

telophase II

Interphase: occupies the majority of the cell cycle includes G1, S and G2 stages results in an increase in cell size

All of the answer choices are correct.

If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has ______ chromosomes.

16

Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes; members of each pair are called _____ chromosomes,

23, homologous

If a parent cell has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs?

48 chromosomes

If a parent cell has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs? 48 chromosomes

48 chromosomes

Sources of genetic variation in a sexually reproducing population include(s) which of the following? crossing over in Prophase I of meiosis independent assortment in Metaphase I of meiosis fertilization

All of the choices are sources of genetic variation.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning mitosis? Plant cells lack centrioles while animal cells do not. Both plant and animal cells undergo cytokinesis. Mitosis allows growth and increase in size in both plants and animals. Animal cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells do not.

Animal cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells do not.

-abnormal cells undergo cell division -can result from mutations due to environmental assaults -undergoes angiogenesis or metastasis - contains abnormal numbers of nuclei -grows in layers without resistant - lacks differentiation

Cancerous Cells

What occurs in anaphase?

Chromosomes move to opposite poles.

- forms a cleavage furrow - forms a contractile ring that pinches off the two cells - division is aided by actin filaments

Cytokinesis in Animals

However, some cells, called ___ cells retain their ability to divide continuously throughout one's life.

stem

Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle or nerve cell?

G0 phase

During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant?

G1 phase

Most cells in the human body are permanently arrested at the ___ phase, with mitosis occurring to repair injured cells as needed.

G₀

The ___ checkpoint ensures that the cell is ready for division; otherwise, _______ is induced.

G₂, apoptosis

What is the importance of crossing-over?

It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.

Aneuploidy is a change in the number of chromosomes resulting from nondisjunction during meiosis. True False

True

Jacobs Syndrome, XYY, results from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis. True False

True

-checkpoints occur at various points in the cell cycle -enters cell cycle approximately 70 times -apoptosis occurs when cells become worn or mutated -produces other differentiated cells -attaches to substrate and responds to inhibitory signals

Typical Cells

The sex chromosomes in males are X and __; the sex chromosomes in females are the X and ___.

Y, X

During _____, homologues separate

anaphase I

During _____, the sister chromatids separate and move towards the poles.

anaphase II,

Cancer cells require many nutrients, which are supplied by blood vessels. The growth of new blood vessels to cancerous tissue is called

angiogenesis.

There are 22 pairs of chromosomes called ____ and one pair of chromosomes called ______.

autosomes, sex chromosomes

The organelles, including the ______, or the main microtubule organizing center for the cell, are also replicated.

centrosomes

During this time, the ______ are replicated.

chromosomes

These chromosomes contain genes in the same location that code for the same type of traits, but individual traits could be ___ for each.

different

Before mitosis, this DNA becomes tightly coiled and chromosomes condense into ______.

heterochromatin.

These cells are found in many _______ organs and tissues, such as ________, which is used to generate new ___ cells.

mammalian, bone marrow, blood

During______ , ________ align independently along the equator.

metaphase I,homologues

During ______, duplicated chromosomes line up at the equator.

metaphase II

The region that contains the genetic information in a bacterial cell is called the

nucleoid

During which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur?

prophase I of meiosis I

During _____, the nuclear envelope fragments, spindle fibers begin to form, and condensed homologues undergo ____.

prophase I, synapsis

During _____, each duplicated chromosome attaches to the spindle.

prophase II

When chromosomes replicate, as shown in B, each of the replicates are called ________

sister chromatids

These _____ are exact copies of each other and contain the ____ genes in the same locations with the same traits.

sister chromatids, same

These cells are also used in _____ to cure illnesses and in ___________ to create new individuals.

therapeutic cloning, reproductive cloning

The purpose of therapeutic cloning is

to produce specialized tissue cells.

The cell formed through fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a/an

zygote.