College Board Unit 5 Progress Check: MCQ

United States and Mexican producers rely on each other's market to sell certain beef products.

In 2017, the United States exported approximately $500 million of beef to Mexico, and Mexico exported approximately $500 million of beef to the United States. Which of the following best explains this international supply chain?

Government financing and improved technology lead to larger economies of scale and improved efficiency.

More developed countries tend to have greater access to agricultural technology and government-supported loans used to purchase computerized farm equipment. Which of the following best explains the significance of access to these resources?

Countries with large percentages of female employment in agriculture tend to be mostly rural and are reliant on subsistence agriculture.

Which of the following best explains the differences between countries with higher and lower percentages of women working in agriculture?

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop.

Which of the following best explains the farming practice related to plantation agriculture?

Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate.

Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown? A Extensive agriculture is practiced in a humid continental climate. B Plantation agriculture is practiced in a tropical wet climate. C Intensive agriculture is practiced in a humid subtropical climate. D Extensive agriculture is practiced in a tropical wet and dry climate. E Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate.

Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture.

Which of the following best explains the significance of similarities between the farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards? A Both farming practices occur in the same climate region, which is found in places such as Italy and South Africa. B Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture. C Both farming practices are used for tropical plantation crops grown on large estates with hired labor who plant and harvest crops. D According to von Thünen, both farming practices occur in the outermost areas of agricultural land. E According to land-rent theory, both farming practices are found on small farms and must be located close to markets.

Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different growing seasons.

A typical grocery store in the United States may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. Which of the following explains why oranges are available year-round in the United States? A Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different growing seasons. B Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar growing seasons but different climates. C Customers have seasonal demands for different varieties of oranges. D Different varieties of oranges are grown for different markets. E Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different prices for oranges.

The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and- bounds survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern.

Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. Which of the following best describes the survey methods used to delineate agricultural land and the associated settlement patterns shown in the two images? A The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and- bounds survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern. B The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a township-and-range survey method with a clustered settlement pattern. C The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a clustered settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and-bounds survey method with a linear settlement pattern. D The first image show a metes-and-bounds survey system with a dispersed settlement pattern, and the second image shows a township-and-range survey method with a linear settlement pattern. E The first image shows a township-and-range survey system with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a long-lot survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern.

The concept helps geographers simplify and visualize a vast and complicated global supply chain.

Agriculture is practiced at the local scale, and agricultural yields are measured at the national scale. Which of the following best explains why the concept of the global system of agriculture is helpful to geographers?

Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming. Most lettuce is produced, processed, and packaged for sale in supermarkets that are a significant distance from where the product was grown.

Based on the map above, which of the following best explains the production of lettuce in the United States?

Practice A represents intensive land use, requires a smaller parcel of land, and can afford higher land costs found closer to the market.

Based on von Thünen's model of rural land use, which of the following explains the location of agricultural practice A or B relative to the market?

The soil will have increased salinity, leading to soil erosion and reduced nutrients in the soil for plant health.

Commercial agriculture in dry climates relies heavily on irrigation. Which of the following best explains an environmental concern that results from irrigation in arid regions?

Farmers in Europe and the United States use high-yield seeds and other technology but farmers in sub-Saharan Africa depend on low levels of mechanization and non-genetically modified seeds.

Since the mid-twentieth century, wheat production has risen dramatically in some regions of the world but not others, which may increase the uneven development among countries. Which statement best explains the increase in wheat production in Europe and the United States compared to sub-Saharan Africa?

Air pollution and long-term land-cover change are side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture that have a long-ranging effect on a broader region.

Slash-and-burn cultivation is an agricultural practice used by subsistence farmers in tropical forest areas. Which of the following best explains an environmental effect of this practice?

Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources

The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater concern for people in developing countries than for people in more-developed countries?

Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. A Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. B Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred late in the First Agricultural Revolution, increasing farmers' profits. C Image 1 shows an innovation that occurred early in the Second Agricultural Revolution resulting in more sustainable livestock production. D Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Third Agricultural Revolution, resulting in a diffusion of agricultural practices to less developed countries. E Image 1 shows an innovation that occurred early in the Third Agricultural Revolution, improving the standard of living for small farmer families.

The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images? A Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. B Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred late in the First Agricultural Revolution, increasing farmers' profits. C Image 1 shows an innovation that occurred early in the Second Agricultural Revolution resulting in more sustainable livestock production. D Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Third Agricultural Revolution, resulting in a diffusion of agricultural practices to less developed countries. E Image 1 shows an innovation that occurred early in the Third Agricultural Revolution, improving the standard of living for small farmer families.

The conversion from manual thread spinning to an industrial processing approach led to increased demand for raw cotton in the agricultural sector.

The images shown illustrate the differences in scale of production for two methods of producing thread. Which of the following best describes advances in the production of textiles during the Second Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution?

Image 1 shows traditional beef production, which has regained popularity because of perceived environmental and ethical benefits compared to the beef production shown in Image 2.

The two images each show a different form of beef production. Which of the following statements explains a primary difference between the agricultural practices?

The increased crop yield produced more food for a growing global urban and industrial population.

The two images show an agricultural transition that occurred in the twentieth century. Which of the following best explains how this transition helped meet a challenge of contemporary agriculture?

In less developed countries, females and males tend to participate equally in harvesting and preparation tasks.

Using the data shown, which of the following best explains the spatial variations of rural women's roles in food production and food preparation?

While some farmers are engaged in subsistence agriculture practices, there is significant commercial farming focused on luxury goods for export, such as coffee and cocoa.

Which of the following best explains patterns of subsistence and commercial agriculture in West African countries such as Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire?

Farmers in less developed countries were able to increase their profits from growing and exporting high-yield grain to levels similar to those in more developed countries.

Which of the following best compares a technological consequence of the Green Revolution in more developed and less developed countries?

The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and- bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern.

Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images? A The township-and-range system results in a widely dispersed population, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern. B The metes-and-bounds system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the long-lot system results in a random, dispersed population pattern. C The township system results in a more urban population distribution, while the long-lot system results in a more rural population distribution. D The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern. E The irregular large estate system reinforces divisions based on socioeconomic status, while the metes-and-bounds system is more egalitarian.

Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages

Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown? A Long lot: nucleated linear settlements with all of the houses arranged along a road or river B Circular rural settlements: a ring of houses that surround a central open space for keeping livestock C Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages D Fragmented: land-holdings that allow each farmer a variety of fields dispersed through the community E Metes and bounds: irregular field patterns with clustered farmsteads in river valleys.

Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries.

Which of the following best explains a negative economic consequence of the Green Revolution in less developed countries as compared to more developed countries?

Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product.

Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits?

irrigation increases production but potentially depletes water resources.

Which of the following best explains how irrigated commercial agriculture in arid environments creates both environmental opportunities and challenges?

Labor-intensive farming of vegetables is done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while extensive grain crops are grown in large-scale fields far from the market town.

Which of the following best explains the spatial patterns illustrated in von Thünen's model? A The cost-to-distance ratio of the land-rent curve indicates that the highest-cost land is in large-scale plots on the outermost ring of the model. B The cost-of-labor inputs are related to a crop's distance from the market, as more labor-intensive farming is done in large-scale plots far from the market town. C Highly perishable agricultural goods are produced in small-scale plots far from the market town, so that they can be more quickly traded with other communities. D Labor-intensive farming of vegetables is done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while extensive grain crops are grown in large-scale fields far from the market town. E Labor-intensive planting and harvests of wheat and corn are done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while less labor-intensive pasturing of sheep or beef cattle takes place in large-scale plots on the outermost ring of the model.

Dairy cows must be kept close to farmhouses, as they require daily milking, and milk must be produced close to consumers, as it is highly perishable.

Which of the following best explains why in the model the amount of land used for dairying is much smaller than the pasture used for beef cattle? A Dairy cows are small in numbers compared to beef cattle and are less costly to transport over long distances as a result of the smaller herd size. B Dairy cows must be kept close to farmhouses, as they require daily milking, and milk must be produced close to consumers, as it is highly perishable. C Dairy cows are more expensive and should be kept close to farmers to prevent theft compared to less expensive beef cattle that can be kept in remote pastures. D Beef cattle are small in numbers compared to dairy cows and are less costly to transport over long distances as a result of the smaller herd size. E Beef cattle must be transported to the market town for frequent feedings and as a result need more space for herding.

Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production.

Which of the following correctly compares the significance of the different technologies shown in the images? A Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production. B Invention of the plow enabled an increase in production during the Green Revolution while protecting the environment and reducing pollution from mechanized farm equipment. C The mechanized farm equipment shown in image 2 is solely responsible for the improved yields of the Green Revolution over yields produced by the draft animal and plow shown in image 1. D The method used to tend the crop in image 2 is more labor intensive than the method used to tend the crop in image 1. E Both images show practices that led to shorter life expectancies due to the long hours of labor required for farming and exposure to unhealthy conditions despite the improvements in technology.

Wheat was first domesticated in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to crossbreeding of seeds.

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between wheat and its early hearth of domestication?

Females take primary responsibility for harvesting and cooking food in less developed countries.

Which of the following explains a reason why education and employment rates for women are lower in less developed compared to more developed countries?

Agricultural technology has increased the economy of scale and the carrying capacity of grass pastures, increasing profits for the farmer.

Which of the following explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures?

Banana plants were brought to Central America from Southeast Asia to be grown closer to markets in the United States and Canada.

Which of the following explains the prevalence of banana plantations in Central America?

Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas.

Which of the following scenarios best explains the Columbian Exchange?

A system where consumers in mostly more developed countries purchase goods from producers mainly in less developed countries, with the intent to reduce the disparity in income between different regions.

Which of the following statements best explains fair trade agriculture as shown for the products on the map?