COM 100 Midterm
A ____________ outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech.
Speaking
Our perception of what others communicate to us about ourselves influences how we see ourselves. Sometimes called out "looking glass self."
Symbolic interactionism
In an informative speech, the speaker acts as a(n) _______________
Teacher
How does a the dominate culture differ from a non-dominant culture?
The dominant culture makes the rules.
Which of the following statements about speaker credibility is true?
The same speaker can have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience
Which of the following is an example of hearing rather than listening?
The sound of firecrackers filled the nighttime air.
As explained in your textbook, at which of the following would you be most likely to hear a persuasive speech on a question of fact?
a graduation ceremony
When you analyse the speaker and the situation to make judgments about the message presented, you are engaging in
critical thinking.
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? A random survey of 20 adults coming out of subway stations in New York City revealed that 16 considered owning a car to be of little importance. Clearly, 80 percent of Americans don't care much about owning cars.
hasty generalization
Upon walking into a crowded bar on a Friday night, Daniel begins to get uncomfortable because it is so crowded. There are many people very close to him and some even bumping into him as they pass. These people are in Daniel's
Intimate space.
According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech?
It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.
The conclusion of a speech is an appropriate time to ______________________
Reinforce your listeners' commitment to the central idea.
When you remember how wonderful your mother was but forget how often she made you feel inadequate, then you are exhibiting the perception concept called
Selective retention
_________is a non-judgmental self-description of who you are
Self-concept
__________ is a measure of how valuable you think you are.
Self-esteem
What is an example of selective attention?
She immediately spotted the guy with the earring who looked so much like someone she had known before.
A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas (examples: second, next) is called a ________________
Signpost
"Conversational quality" in speech delivery means that the speech ___________________
Sounds spontaneous even though it has been rehearsed.
What does your textbook say about eye contact for public speakers who address audiences in the United States?
Speakers should look at the audience about 80 to 90 percent of the time they are talking.
"To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth" is an example of a(n) _____________________
Specific purpose statement
The ____________ is a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech.
Specific purpose statement
________ is where you assume that all members of a group are alike.
Stereotyping
What is not a basic objective of a speech introduction?
Support your main points.
Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?
a scientist urging the FDA to ban plastics containing the chemical BPA
With whom are you most likely to stand the closest?
a person of the same race
__________ is the part of our consciousness that interprets and assigns meaning to thing we hear
working memory
When you are listening and attempting to understand the other person's worldview, what type of listening are you utilizing?
empathetic
Empathic listening differs from active listening in that
empathic listening adds the goal of understanding.
"You need to remember this because it will be on the quiz." What type of lecture cue is this statement?
importance
As your textbook explains, whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to
justify your value judgment against a set of standards or criteria.
According to your textbook, when using emotional appeal in a persuasive speech, you should
let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content.
Evidence and reasoning are the two major elements of persuasion that Aristotle called
logos
Communication by touch is called
tactile communication.
Persuasive speeches on questions of __________ judge whether something is good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair.
value
To persuade my audience that doctor-assisted suicide is morally acceptable" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of
value.
When reasoning analogically, you infer that
what is true in one case will also be true in a similar case.
The first step in the listening process is
attention
Research has found that effective notetaking improves grades on exams by more than ___%
20
Good speech delivery has ___________________
A conversational quality and does not call attention to itself.
Which of the following statements about active listening is FALSE?
Active listening and empathic listening are exactly the same thing.
In an persuasive speech, the speaker acts as a(n) ________________
Advocate
Two men are arguing at the bar when the smaller one says something unkind about the other's mother. The bigger fellow glares straight ahead at his opponent. He is using a nonverbal signal that is best described as being an
Affect display
NOT an example of ethnocentrism
American workers get higher pay for less work than most people in the world.
As the woman shaded her eyes with her open hand on her brow, she said, "Wow, is it ever bright out here." The nonverbal cue here is
An illustrator.
The most important thing is a speech is the _____________
Audience
"Police officers need extra life insurance to protect their wives and children," said city council member Heather Carpenter. Carpenter's language violated which of the guidelines for inclusive language discussed in your textbook?
Avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender.
Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a guideline for effective informative speaking?
Be creative.
It is usually best to begin your speech writing by working on your __________
Body
The ____________ is a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech.
Central idea
The laser is a highly versatile instrument with important uses in medicine, industry, and art" is an example of a _____________
Central idea
Which of the following body movements would most likely be used to indicate liking?
Close proximity
In which type of culture would it be more likely for extended family members to live with nuclear family members?
Collectivist
Words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving on to another are called _______________________
Connectives
Which is the best definition of persuasion?
Creating, reinforcing, and/or changing people's beliefs or actions
Which statement reflects the relationship between language and culture?
Culture creates a lens through which we perceive the world and create shared meaning.
Unique combinations of rituals, religion, thought patterns, and behaviors are known as _______________
Cultures.
Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to enhance your credibility in a persuasive speech?
Deliver your speeches with genuine conviction.
Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a method for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?
Develop vivid examples.
What is not necessary in a preparation outline?
Directions for delivering the speech.
One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it _______________
Encourages conversational quality.
Strong evidence can
Enhance a speaker's credibility. Increase the persuasiveness of a speech. Inoculate listeners against counterpersuasion.
When people bring prejudices of their culture to intercultural interactions (everyone should act like us), they are being:
Ethnocentric
According to your textbook, you can establish your credibility in a speech introduction by ______________________
Explaining your firsthand knowledge and experience with the topic, and explaining your firsthand knowledge and experience with the topic.
A speech that is fully prepared in advance but that is delivered from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n) __________ speech.
Extemporaneous
Listening involves only verbal communication
False
Listening is the act of receiving sound
False
Sandra is giving a presentation in her physics class and is worried about what she should do with her hands. Which of the following recommendations would she find in your textbook?
Focus on communicating, and your gestures will usually take care of themselves.
When used in a speech introduction, telling a story, asking a question, making a startling statement, and arousing curiosity are all methods of ___________________
Gaining the attention of the audience.
What does your textbook advise regarding the use of gestures in a speech?
Gestures should be suited to the audience and occasion, and gestures should appear natural and spontaneous.
Nonverbal communication includes a speaker's ____________
Gestures, eye contact, and rate of speech.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a collectivist culture?
High levels of divorce
__________is sharing personal details in order to present an idealized self
Impression management
The denotative meaning of a word is ________________
In the person
Where is the best place to find the meaning of a word?
In the person.
According to your instructor, the most effective way to be persuade an individual is
Linking to an existing value
Four types of listening are identified by Pearson. They are active listening, empathetic listening, critical listening, and listening for enjoyment. Which of the following is involved in active listening?
Listening using all available senses Paraphrasing what we hear both mentally and verbally Checking our understanding to ensure accuracy Provide feedback
According to your textbook, when you are in a formal speaking situation the most effective way of gaining the initial attention of your audience after you walk to the front of the room is _______________________________
Looking directly at the audience without saying a word.
According to your textbook, when you reach the end of your speech, you should _________________
Maintain eye contact for a few moments to let your last line sink in.
As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should __________________
Make eye contact with your listeners.
As your textbook explains, when using emotional appeal in a persuasive speech, you should
Make sure it is appropriate to your speech topic. Use it in combination with evidence and reasoning. Supplement it with causal reasoning.
According to your textbook, persuasive speakers have an ethical obligation to
Make sure their goals are ethically sound. Learn about all sides of an issue. Present their evidence fairly and accurately.
Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?
Many movie special effects are created with computer-generated graphics.
Which gender likes short, concise, unambiguous, and error-free communication
Men
Which gender tends to listen in order to solve problems, is less attentive to nonverbal cues, and interrupts to switch topics?
Men
What organizational method for persuasive speeches is designed to take the audience through the five steps of attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action?
Monroe's motivated sequence
Example of concreteness
My hometown is Isle, Minnesota, population 409.
During her speech about improving student services in campus, Louise gave each member of her audience a handout listing all the current services. Did Louise follow the guidelines for visual aids presented in your textbook?
No. Louise risked losing attention by distributing the handout during her speech.
Bodily movement, facial expression, the use of time, and vocal cues, among other actions, are examples of
Nonverbal codes
One of the difficulties of interpreting nonverbal codes is
One code may communicate several different meanings.
According to your instructor, the body of your speech should contain __________ main points.
One to three.
A person groups stimuli into meaningful units during which part of perception?
Organization
________ is where you have a negative attitude toward a group of people just because of who they are.
Prejudice
A formal ____________ outline is a detailed outline developed during the planning stage of a speech and contains everything you plan on saying.
Preparation
The ____________ is usually the last element of a speech introduction and provides a smooth lead-in to the body of the speech by indicating the main points of the body.
Preview statement
Perception is more important than __________
Reality
Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campus building. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, "Oh, I messed up." Then she provided the correct date. The rest of her speech went well, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake. What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather needs to be reminded about?
There is no such thing as a perfect speech.
Which of the following is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of fact?
To persuade my audience that capital punishment fails to deter people from committing murder.
After discussing the first main point in his speech on sustainable agriculture, Rasheed said: So far, I have explained the problems associated with our present agricultural system. Next, I will explain what sustainable agriculture is and why it is superior to the current system. According to your textbook, what type of connective did Rasheed use?
Transition
In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints should be written as full sentences.
True
Listening involves responding to a message
True
Listening is an active process of receiving and constructing meaning
True
The central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence reflecting the main points of the body.
True
The first words of a specific purpose for an informative speech should be "To inform my audience about
True
When practicing your speech delivery, you should not _____________
Try to learn your speech word for word.
What does your textbook advise regarding the ethical use of emotional appeals in a persuasive speech?
Use emotional appeals to supplement your evidence and reasoning.
As your textbook explains, studies have found that public speakers will usually be more persuasive when they
Use specific evidence. Use evidence from credible sources. Use evidence that is new to the audience.
According to your textbook, which of the following is an advantage of using visual aids in a speech?
Using visual aids can increase the clarity of a speaker's message, using visual aids can increase the audience's retention of a speaker's message, and using visual aids can increase the persuasiveness of a speaker's message
The connotative meaning of a word is ________________
What the word suggests or implies.
Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly ________________
When they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech.
Which gender tends to be attentive and have sustained eye contact with the other person
Women
Which gender tends to listen to understand the other person's emotions and to find common interests
Women
Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
Work especially hard on your speech introduction.
Gillian prepared beautiful photographs in Keynote to illustrate various parts of her speech about the Grand Canyon. When Gillian finished explaining each photograph, she left it on the screen for her audience to study until it was time for the next slide. Did Gillian make any mistakes in her use of visual aids?
Yes. She should have displayed blank slides between the photographs.
Which of the following best typifies the meaning of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
Your language shapes your perception.
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? People who say Barbie dolls are bad for girls' self-esteem are a bunch of liberal do-gooders who don't want anybody to have fun.
ad hominem
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? There can't be anything wrong with cheating on exams if 75 percent of college students do it.
bandwagon
According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? If you're frequently bothered by nightmares, you might want to change your sleeping position. An article in Prevention magazine reports that a study of 700 people showed that sleeping on your stomach produces the scariest and strangest dreams. Therefore, if you are a stomach-sleeper and are having nightmares, the solution is simple—roll over.
causal reasoning
When you paraphrase the speaker's message and intent, ask questions, or invite corrections, you are
checking your understanding or perception of the speaker.
Which organizational pattern will you be using in your persuasive speech?
comparative advantages order
A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's
competence and character.
___________ is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.
ethos
The three types of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are questions of
fact, value, and policy.
A persuasive speech exploring the truth or falsity of an assertion is known as a speech on a question of
fact.
According to your textbook, an error in reasoning is called a
fallacy.
What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? The New England Journal of Medicine has discovered that countries that consume the most chocolate have produced over time the greatest number of Nobel Prize winners. Therefore, if you want to increase your chances of winning a Nobel Prize, you should eat plenty of chocolate
false cause
Suggestions for lecture listening include
finding areas of interest to you, avoiding distractions, and listening for main ideas.
According to your textbook, research has shown that
speakers can enhance their credibility by delivering their speeches fluently and expressively.
Julio's persuasive speech contained the following statement: Shortages of prescription drugs have tripled between 2007 and 2014, according to the New York Times. In a survey of 214 doctors who regularly prescribe drugs for cancer patients, the New England Journal of Medicine reported that almost 83 percent couldn't prescribe their preferred chemotherapy drug sometime within the last six months. More than half of those doctors said they had to substitute a more expensive brand-name drug as a result. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Julio address in this excerpt?
need
Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. They are
need, plan, and practicality.
According to your textbook, emotional appeal is
often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action.
Using evidence is especially critical in a persuasive speech when your target audience
opposes your point of view.
During a lecture Dr. Washington stated, "Now I will move on to my fourth topic..." What type of lecture cue was Dr. Washington using?
organizational
The study of nonword sounds that communicate meaning is called
paralinguistics.
Perceptual constancy results because of
past experiences and roles.
Appeals to audience emotions such as fear, compassion, guilt, or pride are the kinds of appeals that Aristotle referred to as
pathos
Hearing is a ________ process, and listening is a ________ process.
physical; mental
Cliff's persuasive speech contained the following statement: Reducing the problem of bullying will require a combination of measures. To begin with, school personnel need to be trained to recognize the signs of bullying and to respond appropriately. In addition, students need to be reminded that bullying is everybody's problem and that every student has a responsibility to report it to school officials. Finally, parents and teachers need to know how to empower students with appropriate ways to respond when they find themselves a victim of bullying. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Cliff address in this excerpt?
plan
Persuasive speeches on questions of __________ argue for or against particular courses of action.
policy
To persuade my audience that colleges should adhere to stricter standards when investigating and deciding cases of sexual assault on campus" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of
policy.
In a speech seeking to persuade his audience to donate blood, Ian explained how little time the donation process would take from their busy schedules. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Ian address in this part of his speech?
practicality
If you give a persuasive speech advocating a change in policy, your main points often will fall naturally into __________ order.
problem-solution
What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points?I. Fraudulent charity fundraising has become a widespread problem.II. The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual awareness.
problem-solution order
According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Providing a quality education is one of the fundamental responsibilities of any nation. Thousands of American students are stuck in poor-performing schools that barely provide minimal skills. Therefore, the United States is failing to fulfill one of its fundamental obligations as a nation.
reasoning from principle
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? In recent months, newspapers have carried reports of vicious dogs attacking people in Los Angeles, St. Louis, Boston, and Orlando. These reports show that dog attacks are an increasingly serious problem nationwide.
reasoning from specific instances
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Why should we be concerned about Siberian tigers becoming extinct when there are more and more homeless people who need our support?
red herring
The least efficient of our memory systems is the
short-term memory
The temporary storage place for information is the____________
short-term memory
If __________________ is the Post-it note in the listening process, the _____________ is the supercomputer
short-term memory; long-term memory
Blake circulated a questionnaire to gauge his classmates' attitudes toward implementing a special tax on junk food. He discovered that 5 audience members already agreed there should be such a tax, 6 were firmly opposed, and 10 were undecided. From these results, Blake decided that the 10 undecided class members were the __________ for his speech.
target audience
The __________ is that portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.
target audience
Asking questions to clarify information, paraphrasing messages, and identifying confusing areas are examples of
techniques for checking your understanding of a message.
The more ambiguous the stimuli, ___________________________________
the more room for interpretation.
The initial goal at the beginning of a speech should be _______________
to make the audience want to listen.