COM 120: Chapter 9

The strategic organization of a speech is closely related to

critical thinking.

When you are giving a speech and say, "My second point is," which of the following are you using?

A signpost

A connective statement in the middle of a speech that explains what you are about to discuss is called an internal

preview.

When a speech uses ______ order, it is divided into two main parts. The first of these parts discusses the existence of an issue, while the second proposes a way to fix the issue.

problem-solution

Because main points are the information that you most want your audience to learn, you need to

select them carefully.

Brief statements that help listeners follow your ideas by indicating exactly where you are in the speech are called

signposts

Henri is giving a speech on exhibits at the local zoo and wants to discuss the exhibits in the order readers would see them if they were to follow the main path through the zoo. Henri will be using ______ order for his speech organization.

spatial

The order of main points that follows a directional pattern is called

spatial order.

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving to another is called a(n)

transition.

Which three of the following are most important to consider when deciding the order of main points in your speech?

your audience your topic your purpose

Timothee is planning a speech to persuade his audience that swimming is a healthy form of exercise. If he only wants two main points, which of these statements about swimming would best fulfill his specific purpose?

b)Swimming strengthens the whole body. c)Swimming improves mental health.

John is giving a process speech about the steps in baking an apple pie. Because he wants to talk about the steps in the order in which they need to be completed, he should use

chronological order.

What type of organizational pattern would you be using if you presented a speech in which the first main point covers things that contribute to diabetes, and the second and final main point describes the effects of the disease?

Causal

Alexi's speech is intended to convince his listeners that he should be elected vice president of his class. Based on the breakdown of the time devoted to his main points, which of the following would fix the imbalance? I. I have a wide range of experience in organizations and student government. 20% II. Previous vice presidents have been less involved in actual change. 15% III. I want to increase the number of student parking spaces and increase funding for campus clubs. 65%

Increasing the time on spent on points I and II by 15% each and decreasing the time spent on point III by 30%.

While working on the body of the speech, you realize that the process you have just discussed is complex, so you decide to review the steps of the process before going to your next point. What type of connective would you likely add?

Internal summary

Which of the following are always stated in a transition?

The idea the speaker has just finished discussing. The idea the speaker is about to start discussing.

Which of the following are true of signposts?

They are frequently just numbers. They are brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in a speech.

Topical order is when you organize your speech

by dividing the speech topic into subtopics, each of which is a main point.

Transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts

help connect one thought to another in a speech.

A speaker says, "Next, we will look at three important Civil War battles that took place in Tennessee. These are Shiloh, Nashville, and Franklin." This is an example of a(n)

internal preview.

Harry is outlining a speech about the need for an intern network at his college, and he has calculated the proportion of the speech taken by each main point. Which strategy would most benefit his outline? I. An intern network for college students increases success after graduation and it helps a college be competitive with other colleges with intern networks. 70% II. An intern network can be established through contacts with alumni. 30%

Keep main points separate.

Which of the following is an example of an effective signpost?

"First, I will discuss what fracking is."

If the statement, "We have discussed the causes of diabetes; now let us look at some of the effects of diabetes," were in the body of a speech, what kind of connective would it be?

Transition

Which of the following is an example of an effective internal summary?

"In short, olives are native to the Mediterranean region but have since spread all around the world."

Strategic organization helps speeches be more effective. Which of the following are positive effects of strategic organization?

A,C,D

Which of the following statements are true concerning the main points of a speech?

B. They are the central features of the speech. C. They should be arranged strategically. D. They should be worded precisely.

How many main points should classroom speeches contain?

D.2 to 5

Which of the following is the best example of an effective transition?

Now that you have heard a little about the history of olives, let me share some of my favorite uses for them.

Assume the first two main points of your speech are "Online advertising can reduce marketing costs," and "Online advertising can be changed quickly." Which of the following examples would be an example of your third point in parallel form?

Online advertising can reach a wide audience.

Ann gave 10% of her time to Point I, 15% of her time to Point II, and 75% of her time to Point III. What does this division indicate?

Point I and Point II may not need to be main points. Ann's main points are not balanced.

Leslie's specific purpose is "to persuade my listeners that action must be taken to stop the child slave trade." Which organizational pattern would best fit Leslie's specific purpose?

Problem-solution

Connectives help join one thought to another in a speech and include which of the following?

Signposts Internal previews Transitions Internal summaries

Select the pattern best suited for a speech with this specific purpose: "To inform my audience about the three layers of human skin, starting with the top."?

Spatial

Keisha is giving a speech on the planets in the solar system, starting with the planet closest to the sun and ending with the farthest. Which organizational pattern is she using?

Spatial order

Erika is writing a speech to persuade her audience that pollution resulting from discarded single-use bags can be reduced by individual and legislative action. Which of the following are potential solutions to the amount of pollution resulting from single-use bags?

State lawmakers should consider adding taxes to single-use bags. City- or state-wide bans of single-use bags would discourage business owners from stocking them. Consumers should bring reusable bags to the store to carry groceries.

Keep main points separate. Write main points with parallel wording Balance coverage of main points.

The city should fund youth sports programs and advertise sports camps in schools. (60%) II. The charges for local sports programs should be reduced. (40%)I. The city should fund youth sports programs and advertise sports camps in schools. (60%) II. The charges for local sports programs should be reduced. (40%) First, we need to recruit volunteers to collect signatures. (50%) II. Training volunteers to collect signatures is the second step. (50%)I. First, we need to recruit volunteers to collect signatures. (50%) II. Training volunteers to collect signatures is the second step. (50%) Sales have increased with the release of our new product. (20%) II. Hiring new employees has allowed us to meet greater demand. (80%)I. Sales have increased with the release of our new product. (20%) II. Hiring new employees has allowed us to meet greater demand. (80%)

In a speech about exercise, Louis developed three main points: I. Exercise benefits physical health. II. Exercise benefits mental health. III. Exercise benefits sleep patterns. Which of the following best describes the way Louis wrote the main points?

They use parallel wording.

Which of the following main points use parallel wording with the first main point "Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding"?

a)Origami is usually done with a type of paper called kami. b)Origami includes many popular designs, such as paper cranes.

Which of the following main ideas concerning the Internet would be best communicated by a speech that is ordered chronologically?

a)The Internet transitioned from government use to commercial use at the beginning of the 1990s. b)The Internet today is used by billions of people worldwide. d)The Internet evolved in the 2000s as smartphones were introduced.

What are the primary strategies for preparing main points in speeches?

a,b,c

A statement in the body of the speech that reminds listeners of the preceding point or points of the speech is called

an internal summary.

A speech about the causes and effects of earthquakes would most likely be organized in ______ order.

causal

A speech about the four major factors to consider when choosing a cell phone would most likely be arranged in ______ order

topical

Chronological order Spatial order Causal order Topical order Problem-solution order

1)Since the first Independence Day, fireworks have become a staple of American culture.Since the first Independence Day, fireworks have become a staple of American cultur 2)The city has of a central business core that is surrounded by a dozens of ethnic neighborhoods.The city has of a central business core that is surrounded by a dozens of ethnic neighborhoods. 3)The gap between minimum wage and living wage leads to financial hardship for a significant portion of Americans. 4)The modern news media landscape is composed of print, online, and television news. 5)Students do not have sufficient access to mental health services on campus and would benefit from additional counselors.

What is the most important reason for limiting main points?

A.It is hard to adequately develop numerous main points in a short speech.

If you decide to use a chronological order of main points in your speech, you are using an arrangement based on a(n) ______ pattern.

B.Time

If your specific purpose is "to persuade my audience why they should eat only organic produce," each of your main points must include

B.a reason why listeners should only eat organic produce.

Which organizational pattern first looks at factors that result in an event, then looks at the effects of the event?

Causal

Jian speaks about the failure of the South Fork Dam in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in the late 1800s. His first main point discusses how the dam's failure impacted the local communities. His second main point discusses the factors leading to the dam's failure: heavy rains and poor upkeep. Jian's speech is organized in which order?

Causal order

In which method of speech arrangement does a speaker narrate a series of events in the order in which they occurred?

Chronological order

Jacinta will be giving a speech about the Battle of Bunker Hill. She plans to present her points by starting with a discussion of the events leading up to the battle and end by talking about events that happened immediately after the battle. What method is Jacinta using to organize her speech?

Chronological order

Alexa is writing a speech about four types of storms. What tip for writing main points did she forget to use in setting up the main points below? I. Hurricanes and tornadoes are storms with strong winds, but hurricanes occur along coastlines. II. Hailstorms are thunderstorms with strong updrafts. III. Ice storms are storms in which the air temperature is near freezing.

Keep main points separate

If your main point is "Olives have a long history as a staple in the human diet," which of the following would be appropriate supporting points?

Olives have been eaten in Crete since at least 3,000 BCE. For centuries, olives have been turned into cooking oil.

A speaker who combines two ideas into one main point is not following the guideline for keeping main points

Separate

Why are stock phrases less effective in speeches than connectives are?

Stock phrases distract listeners. Stock phrases make the speech seem uncoordinated and disjointed.

By themselves, main points are only assertions. What is needed to verify and substantiate main points?

Supporting materials

Following the strategy of keeping main points separate, Misha recognizes that he needs to divide the main point below to make two separate main points. If he chooses to make one of the main points "Donating a share of our profits to environmental agencies would improve our environmentally friendly image," which of the following would be the best choice for the other main point? Donating a share of our products' profits to environmental agencies would aid our environmentally friendly image, as would adding labels that we support environmental agencies.

a

Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech that describes five types of competitive gymnastics events?

Tropical

Assume that your specific purpose statement is "to inform my audience about leadership of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Federal government." Which of the following would most likely be the main points of your speech?

A)The executive branch of the Federal government is headed by the president, who is responsible for carrying out federal laws. b) The judicial branch of the Federal government is headed by the Supreme Court and is responsible for interpreting the constitution and reviewing laws. d)The legislative branch of the Federal government is headed by Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Why is important for a speech to be well organized?

B.Unlike reading a text, the audience cannot reread parts to better understand the message. C.The speaker's coherence affects the listener's perception of the speech.

Which of the following statements is an example of an effective internal preview?

In discussing why buying local is a good choice, we'll look first at how it benefits the environment and second at its benefits for the economy.

1.Chronological order 2.Spatial order 3.Causal Order 4.Problem-solution order 5.Topical Order

1.Main points follow the sequence in which they happened. 2.Main points follow a directional or structural pattern. 3.Main points demonstrate a cause-effect relationship. 4.Main points demonstrate that a problem exists and provides a potential solution. 5.Main points are ordered by category.