COM 200 Midterm 1

2 Models of Persuasive Speech

1. 5 Canons of Rhetoric 2. Aristotle's Artistic Proofs

4 Situational Factors of Communication

1. Content - What is the content of the interaction? 2. Anonymity - Are people's opinions tied to their identities? 3. Non-Verbal Communication (Kinesics, Proxemics, Haptics, Vocalics, Appearance/Adornment, Content, Tone) 4. Social Norms - What should you do (prescription)? What shouldn't you do (proscription)?

4 Goals of Class

1. How Communications connects/influences our class. 2. Variety of communications to look at the world 3. Think about how communication is used to gain power in the world. 4. Have a moment where communication relates to me and my life

2 Misconceptions about Nonverbal cues

1. One cue only has one meaning 2. Non-verbal cues are Uncontrollable - Eye contact hard to control, how much eye contact is appropriate

Relationships and identity: How We Live & How we've studied

1. Rhetoric is a tool we can use to persuade each other. 2. Research is complicated

Research is complicated - 2 Types of Research

1. Survey Research - Constructing survey questions that are appropriate is tough, but important 2. - Data taken at face value, not to be manipulated to be analyzed further.

How Facebook Makes Us Unhappy Summary

1998 - Robert Kraut found that the more people used the Web, the lonelier/depressed they felt. 2010 - 40 studies confirmed trnet - Internet had small significant detrimental effect on overall well-being. Also, 2009, Sebastian found that Facebook makes people happier. Active participation, happiness increases. Passive browsing, happiness decreases (associated with boredom) Attention causes us to feel bored and as a result, unhappy.

The Open Office Trap Summary

70% of offices today are an open concept Studies found that open offices has caused a decrease in efficiency, productivity, increased stress, lowered attention span. Office commotion impairs workers' ability to recall information Regardless of age, when exposed to too many inputs at once, our senses become overloaded, and requires more work to go back to work.

Casual Sex: Everyone is doing it Summary

80% of college students reported engaging in sexual acts outside committed relationships. Known as "hookup culture", taking over the world? Some believe it's "An assault on human nature" Others believe it is a sign of social progress. Problem with study = Self Selection, people who volunteer are people who want to share and choose to share information. Introduces counter narratives of Casual Sex.

Amy Sorkin

A Faulty "Gay Parenting" Study

The Love App Summary

App creators wanted offline person to translate into mobile person. Empty Room Theory Point is to appreciate the use of technology to communicate with others effectively and romantically Can also remind others of past relationships too easily.

Counter Narratives

Arguments that challenge cultural narratives

Joshua Rothman

Big Data Comes to the Office

Lore

Body of traditions, we talk about it with narratives/cultures

Maria Konnikova

Casual Sex: Everyone is doing it

Quiet Riot Summary

Cell-phone ban on planes - Helps maintain the illusion that buying a seat on an airplane means you bought a small-private section of public space. Encapsulated Groups People would prefer people not use phones in close quarters. (Too distracting) People too interested in texting rather than calling. F.C.C. can ban or let cell phone use on planes.

Language

Central part of all our cultural narratives, language is meaningful, but only if we assign meaning to it.

The Psychology of Online Comments Summary

Comments undermine the integrity of science, lead to a culture of aggression and mockery. Can also lead to more participation Encouraged incivility Nasty effect - The nastier the comment, the more polarized readers become about the contents of article Diffusion of Responsibility - You feel less accountable for your own actions, and become more likely to engage in amoral behavior

The Nuances of Threats on Facebook Summary

Elonis - Threatened ex-wife on Facebook with intimidating song lyrics People took it as threat, and reportedc Lawyers argued that online communication makes it more difficult than ever to interpret the meaning of a statement. Can't take what is on the internet in the abstract and say 'This person wants to do something horrible" HAVE TO LOOK AT THE CONTEXT OF ONLINE POSTS.

Esther Perel Lets Us Listen Summary

Esther - Episodes w/ real couples, unscripted consultation sessions. Point of the episodes to reveal TRUTH in relationships. Perel wants less texting, more talking

Alexandra Schwartz

Esther Perel Lets Us Listen in on Couples

Qualitative analysis

Focus on messages, meaning of the use of their words.

The French Counterstrike Against Work E-mail Summary

French Gov't push through laws to reform conditions under which French people work. 71% of french opposed it. Development of information and comm technologies, if badly managed/regulated, can have an impact on health of workers. US Workers --> "Phantom rings" Right to disconnect is an opportunity, to claim breathing room.

We're Only One Day Apart Summary

Generational Difference can't last, his girlfriend is gen X, listens to Nirvana, goes to internet Cafes, BF doesn't remember Kurt Cobain. Doesn't understand each other's references at all Finds a new girl who understands "Bae", "Man-Bun", "Nightcrawler"

Maria Konnikova

How Facebook Makes us Unhappy

Maria Konnikova

How a Gay-Marriage Study Went Wrong

Certainty ---- Uncertainty

Knowing who you are/what you want in relation to another person. People want to have their own personal value in a relationship

Aristotle's 3 Artistic Proofs

Logos - Logical Argument of your speech Ethos - Way the speaker's character is revealed in the message. Pathos - Emotions that people use to hook others.

Would You Like to Sit on my Bed with Me Summary

Makes fun of couples who seem to always be on their phones Active use of Twitter, tells gf to come over just to look at Twitter Technology too common in relationship lives. Ending = Tinder, why still have app in relationship?

5 Canons of Rhetoric to think about how to be persuasive

Memory Arrangement Invention Delivery Style

A Faulty Gay Parenting Study Summary

New Family Structures Study by Mark Regnerus - To show the harmful effects of having gay and lesbian parents. Most of the adults that the study considered products of gay or lesbian parents were not, for the most part, raised by gays or lesbians. One single "romantic relationship" put the person in the category of intact biological families, regardless of living situations. Most of the adults that the study considered products of gay/lesbian parents were not raised by gays or lesbians.

Discourse Analysis

Numerous ways of analyzing how people interact w/ one another.

Dating, Marriage, and Love

Our world is full of lore This lore is connected to language Even in our most intimate moments, that lore influences how we come to love, who we love, and why we love.

Big Data comes to the Office Summary

Pentland - study of collecting 5 months of data from office life. Gave employees these badges, containing ID cards, tracks location, measures in 16 milliseconds, interpersonal variables. This include tone of voice, whether people face one another when talking, gestures, how much talking/listening/interrupting. All data combined = continuous picture of office life. Of the 24 person teams tracked, the ones with fasted "average call time" were also the most social More successful teams spent more time talking, People who work in solitude still need engagement/exploration.

6 Kinds of Touch

Playful Touch Positive affect Touch Control Touch Ritualistic Touch Task Related Touch Hybrid Touch

4 Qualities/Characteristics of Communication

Process - Ongoing, doesn't ever stop Everpresent - Swimming around us, always changing Multi-Channeled (Face to face, verbal/nonverbal) Symbolic (Symbols arbitrary, no real connection to things they symbolize)

The Case for Banning Laptops in the Classroom

Professor propose ban of laptop use, even for a programming class (Dartmouth) Rockmore (author) believes it's easier to write out than to type engineering/math equations. Princeton Study - Pen-and-paper students performed better Laptop users = Transcription Zombies Future professors don't have to allow laptop use, but if they do, they need to be cautious w/ usage and course performance.

3 Ways Researches study communication

Qualitative data - words, groups, categories, specific written responses Experimental Data - Change one variable to see what the outcome is Survey Data - Directly asking for data

Vauhini Vara

Quiet Riot

Turning Point

Relationship pivots, major development

The Limits of Friendships Summary

Robin Dunbar, Dunbar numbers, 150 = avg people in social group Use of social media challenges Dunbar numbers, increasing presence of social media. Not the same as human interaction Strong belief in touch, nature of "Shared experience"

Openness ---- Closedness

Self disclosure builds trust, and is built equally

Cultural Narratives

Storylines that we share as a culture that then shape our personal stories, these change over time.

Cindy May

Students Better Off w/o a Laptop in Classroom

Students are Better Off w/o a Laptop Summary

Students logged into a Proxy server where their internet usage was tracked Participants spend 40 out of 100 min using internet for nonacademic purposes. Connection with boredom: More boredom -> more usage Students underestimate their usage, attachment to technology

Dan Rockmore

The Case for Banning Laptops in the Classroom

Lauren Collins

The French Counterstrike Against Work E-mail

Maria Konnikova

The Limits of Friendships

Lauren Collins

The Love App

Vauhini Vara

The Nuances of Threats on Facebook

Maria Konnikova

The Open Office Trap

Maria Konnikova

The Psychology of Online Comments

Relational Dialetics

Understanding relationships through opposition, the constant negotiation of balance.

Types of Vocalics

Vocal Qualiies - pitch, tone, intonation Vocalizations - Special sounds that convey some meaning (giggling) Vocal Segregates - Pauses/fillers Silence - The absence of sound, can communicate a lot

Kashana Cauley

We're Only One Day Apart in Age, but Our Generational Differences Killed Our Relationship

How a Gay-Marriage Study Went Wrong Summary

When it comes to controversial subjects, people rarely change their minds, especially if those subjects are important to them. Canvassers of trying to invoke discussion/change upon voters of Proposition 8 to ban gay-marriage LaCour fabrication of data, Green dissapointed, interested because he was an advocate of gay marriage. Beautiful study, took place outside of lab. Confirmation bias may have made the study's shakiness easier to overlook.

Triangulation

When researchers use more than one approach to analyze data.

Connectedness ---- Separateness

Working out connectivity w/ separation using Communication, having to manage tensions/wants

Ross Barkan

Would You Like to Sit on My Bed with Me and Check Twitter?